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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blends aus Polystyrol (PS) und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) sind aus thermodynamischen Gründen unverträglich und weisen deshalb nur schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften wie mangelnde Schlagzähigkeits- und Reißdehnungswerte auf. Der Grund hierfür liegt in der Natur der Grenzfläche solcher unverträglicher, heterogener Polymer-Blends. Hohe Grenzflächenspannungen und eine geringe Phasenadhäsion führen zu groben Phasenmorphologien, die kinetisch und thermodynamisch instabil sind. Jedoch gelingt es mit maßgeschneiderten Block-Pfropfcopolymeren P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) auf Basis von Styrol/Butadien-Blockcopolymeren P(S-b-B), auf die Polycyclohexylmethacrylat (PCHMA) oder Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) radikalisch ge-pfropft wurden, die Phasenmorphologien drastisch zu verfeinern, was zu einem duktilen Verhalten der modifizierten Blends führt. So steigt die Schlagzähigkeit von modifizierten gegenüber nicht modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends um den Faktor 10 und bewegt sich damit im Bereich von zähmodifiziertem PS.Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen (TEM, REM) beweisen, daß die drastisch verbesserten Eigenschaften der modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends auf einer Grenzflächenselektivität der Block-Pfropfcopolymeren und einer ausgezeichneten Phasenanbindung beruhen.
    Notes: Blends composed of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are incompatible due to unfavourable interactions. Consequently, their mechanical properties such as impact strength and elongation at break are only very poor. The key to successfully influence the properties of such heterogeneous blends lies in the control of the interface. High interface tensions and an insufficient phase adhesion often lead to coarse phase morphologies which are thermodynamically and kinetically unstable. However, with radically synthesized, tailor made block-graft copolymers P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) based on a styrene/butadiene two-block copolymer P(S-b-B) which are grafted with poly(cyclohexylmethacrylate) (PCHMA) or poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), the phase morphology can be markedly refined and the blends surprisingly show ductile behaviour. Thus, the impact strength of so modified PS/PVC 1 : 1 blends is about ten times higher than in the unmodified case and is thereby similar to impact modified PS.Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) reveals that the modified PS/PVC blends owe their improved mechanical properties to the interface selectivity of the block-graft copolymers and therefore to a superior phase adhesion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 79 (1967), S. 425-425 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C — C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high-impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry.It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C - C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1228-1229 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1279-1279 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1283-1283 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The efficiency of rubber toughening of PSAN depends on the size of the rubber particles, their agglomeration, the deformation rate, the temperature, and the orientation of the polymer molecules. Large particles are more effective than small particles. By a suitable choice of processing, however, small particles can agglomerate, forming large soft units and improving in this way impact toughness. At high deformation rates crazing or/and stretching of the matrix wall between the rubber particles must be activated for ductility, otherwise the material is brittle. The temperature at impact must be above the glass transition temperature of the rubbery phase for toughening. Increasing the orientation of the material decreases the tendency for craze formation with the consequence of embrittlement, if stretching is not activated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 899-904 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die elektrochemische Oxydation von Thioäthern in Acetonitril/NaClO4 führt, wie gaschromatographisch und polarographisch gezeigt wird, zum Sulfoxid. Die Oxydation erfolgt in einem Zweielektronenschritt. Ein Oxydationsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen. Danach entstehen pro oxydiertes Sulfidmolekül zwei Protonen. Das Sulfoxid liegt im Oxydationsgemisch weitgehend protoniert vor. Sulfoxide geben im System Acetonitril/NaClO4 Methansulfonsäure bei etwa -0,85 V gut ausgebildete Reduktionsstufen. Bei steigender Säurekonzentration tritt im unmittelbaren Anschluß an die Reduktionsstufe eine zweite, wahrscheinlich durch katalytische Wasserstoffabscheidung bedingte Stufe auf, die die Auswertung erschwert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure, F.I.R., and Raman Spectra of GaCrSe3The crystal structure of GaCrSe3 oP20 was determined by single crystal X-ray methods (final R = 1.6% for 949 observed reflections, I 〉 2σI). GaCrSe3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4 (CuTaS3 type) and a = 1011.82(7), b = 373.45(3), and c = 1239.2(1) pm. The structure is built up on rectangular columns in [010] of edge shared GaSe4 tetrahedra and CrSe6 octahedra of the sequence (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] and [101], respectively, which are connected via the corners in such a manner that channels in [010] of trigonal prismatic cavities are formed. The single crystals were grown by vapour phase transport method using I2 as transporting agent. The f.i.r. and Raman spectra of GaCrSe3 as well as a group theoretical treatment of the phonon modes are reported. In the ternary system Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3, monoclinic Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 and hexagonal CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGaS4-type) have been established additionally to the orthorhombic GaCrSe3.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der bisher nicht beschriebenen Verbindung GaCrSe3oP20 wurde anhand von Einkristalldaten bestimmt (R = 1,6% für 949 beobachtete (I 〉 2σI) Reflexe). GaCrSe3 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pnma mit Z = 4 (CuTaS3-Typ) sowie a = 1011,82(7), b = 373,45(3) und c = 1239,2(1) pm. Der Struktur liegen rechteckige Säulen in [010] aus kantenverknüpften CrSe6-Oktaedern und GaSe4-Tetraedern der Folge (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] bzw. [101] zugrunde, die über die Ecken der Oktaeder- und Tetraederbaueinheiten so verknüpft sind, daß in [010] angeordnete Kanäle mit trigonal-prismatischen Lücken gebildet werden. Die Darstellung von Einkristallen des GaCrSe3 erfolgte durch Gasphasen-transport mit Iod. Das FIR- und Ramanspektrum des GaCrSe3 sowie die Schwingungsabzählung der Gitterschwingungen dieses Strukturtyps werden mitgeteilt. Neben dem orthorhombischen GaCrSe3 existieren im System Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3 monoklines Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 und hexagonales CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGa2S4-Typ).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 468-469 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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