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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter UV-Schutzfaktor ; Kleidung ; Sonnenschutz ; Prävention ; Key words Fabrics ; Clothes ; Sun protection ; Prevention ; Skin cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A rising incidence worldwide of skin cancer has been observed for years. A high cumulative exposure to UV radiation is a major factor in the development of such neoplasms. Suitable protective measures are therefore becoming increasingly important. Textiles provide simple, effective and medically safe protection against UV radiation. At present, however, in Europe – in contrat to Australia – the UV protection factor (UPF) for summer textiles is not stated. It is a largely unknown fact that by far not all textiles offer sufficient protection. Our goal was to study the factors which determine the UV transmission of fabrics and, based on these findings, to design materials which provide enhanced protection. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the UV transmission by fabrics made of cotton, silk, polyester and viscose. The UV protection factors of the fabrics were computed on the basis of the transmission data. The UV protection factor is dependent on the type of fibre, yarn and surface design, weight per square metre, moisture content, colour, finishing method and degree of wear. To optimize the UV protection via textiles, a viscose yarn with a low UV transmission was used. This yarn makes it possible to design light-weight summer fabrics with optimized UV protection. This development will make it possible to offer clothing with high UV protection on the European marked. This clothing will not be more expensive than normal products, so that effective prevention should be more available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit Jahren wird ein weltweiter Anstieg der Hautkrebsinzidenz beobachtet. Eine hohe kumulative UV-Strahlenexposition gilt als ein Hauptfaktor für die Entstehung von Neoplasien der Haut. Geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen gewinnen daher zunehmend an Bedeutung. Textilien bieten eine einfachen und effektiven, medizinisch unbedenklichen Schutz vor der UV-Strahlung, doch wird der UV-Schutzfaktor (USF) von Sommertextilien, z.Z. in Europa – im Gegensatz zu Australien – nicht angegeben.Weitgehend unbekannt ist in diesem Zusammenhang, daß bei weitem nicht alle Textilien einen ausreichenden Schutz bieten. Ziel ist, die Faktoren, welche die UV-Durchlässigkeit von Stoffen bestimmen, zu untersuchen und ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen Materialien mit verbessertem Schutz zu konstruieren. Die UV-Durchlässigkeit wurde an Geweben aus Baumwolle, Seide, Polyester und Viskose mit einer spektralphotometrischen Methode bestimmt. Die UV-Schutzfaktoren der Stoffe wurden aus den Transmissionsdaten berechnet. Anhand der Ergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, daß UV-Schutzfaktor von der Faserart, der Garn- und Flächenkonstruktion, dem Quadratmetergewicht, dem Feuchtegehalt, der Färbung, der Ausrüstung und der Abnutzung durch den Gebrauch der Stoffe abhängt. Zur Optimierung des UV-Schutzes durch Stoffe wurde erstmals ein Viskosegarn mit einer extrem geringen UV-Durchlässigkeit eingesetzt. Dieses Garn ermöglicht es, leichte Sommerstoffe mit optimiertem UV-Schutz zu konstruieren. Zukünftig wird es damit möglich sein, Kleidung mit einem hohen UV-Schutzfaktor anzubieten. Diese Kleidung wird nicht teurer sein als normale Produkte, so daß eine hohe Effektivität für unsere Präventionsbemühungen erwartet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a useful technique for studies on specific interactions between polymers in miscible blends. The application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is demonstrated for blends of chlorine containing vinylpolymers of varying chlorine content with different polycarbonates. The miscibility is correlated to specific interactions between polar groups, leading to shifts of the infrared absorption bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C — C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high-impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry.It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C - C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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