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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 1121-1140 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract The stratigraphic and biogeographic distribution of more than 170 species of deep-water agglutinated benthic foraminifers (DWAF) from the North Atlantic and adjacent marginal seas has been compared with paleoenvironmental data (e.g. paleobathymetry, oxygenation of the bottom waters, amount of terrigenous input and substrate disturbance). Six general types of assemblages, in which deep water agglutinated taxa occur, are defined from the Turonian to Maastrichtian times: 1. High latitude slope assemblages 2. Low to mid latitude slope assemblages 3. Flysch-type assemblages 4. Deep water limestone assemblages (»Scaglia«-type) 5. Abyssal mixed calcareous-agglutinated assemblages 6. Abyssal purely agglutinated assemblages Latitudinal differences in faunal composition are observed, the most important of which is the lack or extreme paucity of calcareous forms in high latitude assemblages. East-to-west differences appear to be of comparatively minor importance. Most DWAF species occur in all studied regions and are thus considered as cosmopolitan. Biostratigraphic turnovers in the taxonomic content of assemblages are observed in the lowermost Turonian, mid- Campanian and in the upper Maastrichtian to lowermost Paleocene. These datum levels correspond to inter-regional and time-constant paleooceanographic events, which probably also affected the deep-water benthic biota. This allows us to use deep-water agglutinated foraminifers for biostratigraphy in the North Atlantic sequences deposited below CCD and to geographically extend the currently used zonal schemes which have been established in the Carpathian and Alpine areas.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé La répartition stratigraphique et biogéographique de plus de cent soixante dix espèces de foraminifères benthiques agglutinants d'eaux profondes de l'Océan Atlantique Nord et des mers adjacentes a été examinée en fonction des paramètres du paléoenvironnement (paléobathymétrie, oxygénation et dynamique des eaux de fond, apports détritiques terrigènes). Sur une période s'étendant du Turonien au Maestrichtien, six types principaux d'associations, comprenant en tout ou partie des taxons agglutinants profonds, ont été définis: 1. associations de talus en haute latitude 2. associations de talus en basse latitude 3. associations de type flysch 4. associations de calcaires pélagiques (type »Scaglia«) 5. associations abyssales de type mixte avec foraminifères à test calcaire et foraminifères agglutinants 6. associations abyssales uniquement composées d'agglutinants. Des différences latitudinales sont apparues dans la composition faunique: la plus importante réside dans l'absence ou la très grande rareté des formes à test calcaire dans les associations de haute latitude. Des différences en longitude, d'est en ouest, apparaissent comparativement d'importance mineure. La plupart des espèces de foraminifères agglutinants d'eaux profondes se rencontrent dans toutes les régions étudiées et peuvent donc être considérées comme ubiquistes. De nettes coupures biostratigraphiques, fondées sur des renouvellements fauniques, sont décelées au Turonien basal, au Campanien moyen et au passage Meastrichtien supérieur-Paléocène basal. Ces niveaux repères correspondent à des événements paléo-océanographiques isochrones et d'extension supra-régionale, qui ont probablement affecté aussi les formes benthiques d'eaux profondes. Ceci nous incite à utiliser les foraminifères benthiques profonds pour la biostratigraphie des séries Nord-Atlantique déposées sous la CCD et par corrélation nous permet d'étendre géographiquement l'usage de zonations initialement définies dans le domaine alpino-carpathique.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die stratigraphische und biogeographische Verbreitung von mehr als 170 Arten sandschaliger benthischer Tiefwasser-Foraminiferen wurde im Nordatlantik und seinen Randmeeren untersucht. Hierbei wurden die in den einzelnen Untersuchungsgebieten unterschiedlichen Paläoenvironment- Bedingungen (Wassertiefe, Sauerstoffverhältnisse am Ozeanboden, detritischer Eintrag und Beeinträchtigung des Substrats durch Strömungs- und Sedimentationsprozesse) zu der jeweiligen taxonomischen Zusammensetzung der agglutinierenden Benthos-Fauna in Beziehung gesetzt. Für den Zeitraum vom Turon bis zum Maastricht ließen sich zwölf charakteristische Vergesellschaftungen agglutinierender Tiefwasser-Foraminiferen unterscheiden, die in sechs Hauptgruppen zusammengefaßt werden können: 1. Kontinentalhang-Vergesellschaftungen hoher Breiten 2. Kontinentalhang-Vergesellschaftungen niedriger bis mittlerer Breiten 3. Flysch-Vergesellschaftungen 4. Vergesellschaftungen pelagischer Kalke (»Scaglia«-Typ) 5. Abyssale gemischt kalkschalige und agglutinierende Benthos-Vergesellschaftungen 6. Abyssale rein agglutinierende Vergesellschaftungen Biogeographische Unterschiede in der Faunenzusammensetzung korrelieren vor allem mit der geographischen Breite, wobei besonders das Fehlen kalkschaliger Elemente in Faunen hoher Breiten auffällt. Ost-West-Unterschiede sind von geringerer Bedeutung, die Mehrzahl der Arten tritt in allen untersuchten Gebieten auf und kann als kosmopolitisch angesehen werden. Faunenschnitte können im basalen Turon, im mittleren Campan und an der Kreide/Tertiär-Grenze beobachtet werden. Diese Zeitabschnitte sind durch überregionale paläoozeanographische Events charakterisiert, die wahrscheinlich auch das Tiefsee-Benthos beeinflußt haben. Dieser Zusammenhang zwischen der Evolution agglutinierender Tiefsee- Foraminiferen und globalen, zeitkonstanten Events ermöglicht eine biostratigraphische Gliederung der Sub-CCD Serien des Nordatlantik mit Hilfe sandschaliger Foraminiferen, die sich weitgehend mit den Zonierungen, die in den Flyschzonen der Karpathen und Alpen entwickelt wurden, korrelieren läßt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-06
    Beschreibung: We investigated the onset and development of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in a newly drilled core (SN degrees 4) from the Tarfaya Basin (southern Morocco), where this interval is unusually expanded. High-resolution (centimeter-scale equivalent to centennial) analysis of bulk organic and carbonate stable isotopes and of carbonate and organic carbon content in combination with XRF scanner derived elemental distribution reveal that the ocean-climate system behaved in a highly dynamic manner prior to and during the onset of OAE2. Correlation with the latest orbital solution indicates that the main carbon isotope shift occurred during an extended minimum in orbital eccentricity (similar to 400 kyr cycle). Shorter-term fluctuations in carbonate and organic carbon accumulation and in sea level related terrigenous discharge were predominantly driven by variations in orbital obliquity. Negative excursions in organic and carbonate delta C-13 preceded the global positive delta C-13 shift marking the onset of OAE2, suggesting injection of isotopically depleted carbon into the atmosphere. The main delta C-13 increase during the early phase of OAE2 in the late Cenomanian was punctuated by a transient plateau. Maximum organic carbon accumulation occurred during the later part of the main delta C-13 increase and was associated with climate cooling events, expressed as three consecutive maxima in bulk carbonate delta O-18. The extinctions of the thermocline dwelling keeled planktonic foraminifers Rotalipora greenhornensis and Rotalipora cushmani occurred during the first and last of these cooling events and were likely associated with obliquity paced, ocean-wide expansions, and intensifications of the oxygen minimum zone, affecting their habitat space on a global scale.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Unbekannt
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 24 (PA001653).
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: We present sea surface and upper thermocline temperature records (60-100 year temporal resolution) spanning marine isotope stage 3 (similar to 24-62 ka B. P.) from International Marine Global Change Study core MD01-2378 (121 degrees 47.27'E and 13 degrees 04.95'S; 1783 m water depth) located in the outflow area of the Indonesian Throughflow within the Timor Sea. Stable isotopes and Mg/Ca of the near-surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white) and the upper thermocline-dwelling Pulleniatina obliquiloculata reveal rapid changes in the thermal structure of the upper ocean during Heinrich events. Thermocline warming and increased delta O-18(seawater) (P. obliquiloculata record) during Heinrich events 3, 4, and 5 reflect weakening of the relatively cool and fresh thermocline flow and reduced export of less saline water from the North Pacific and Indonesian Seas to the tropical Indian Ocean. Three main factors influenced Indonesian Throughflow variability during marine isotope stage 3: (1) global slowdown in thermohaline circulation during Heinrich events triggered by Northern Hemisphere cooling, (2) increased freshwater export from the Java Sea into the Indonesian Throughflow controlled by rising sea level from similar to 60 to 47 ka, and (3) insolation-related changes in the Australasian monsoon with associated migration of hydrological fronts between Indian Ocean- and Indonesian Throughflow-derived water masses at similar to 46-40 ka.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Tectonics and regional monsoon strength control weathering and erosion regimes of the watersheds feeding into the Bay of Bengal, which are important contributors to global climate evolution via carbon cycle feedbacks. The detailed mechanisms controlling the input of terrigenous clay to the Bay of Bengal on tectonic to orbital timescales are, however, not yet well understood. We produced orbital‐scale resolution geochemical records for International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443 (southern Bay of Bengal) across five key climatic intervals of the middle to late Miocene (15.8 – 9.5 Ma). Our new radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope time series of clays transported to the Ninetyeast Ridge suggest that the individual contributions from different erosional sources overall remained remarkably consistent during the Miocene despite major tectonic reorganizations in the Himalayas. On orbital timescales, however, high‐resolution data from the five investigated intervals show marked fluctuations of all three isotope systems. Interestingly, the variability was much higher within the Miocene Climatic Optimum (around 16‐15 Ma) and across the major global cooling (~13.9‐13.8 Ma) until ~13.5 Ma, than during younger time intervals. This change is attributed to a major restriction on the supply of High Himalayan erosion products due to migration of the peak precipitation area towards the frontal domains of the Himalayas and the Indo‐Burman Ranges. The transient excursions of the radiogenic isotope signals on orbital timescales most likely reflect climatically driven shifts in monsoon strength.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The late Miocene was a period of declining CO2 levels and extensive environmental changes, which likely had a large impact on monsoon strength as well as on the weathering and erosion intensity in the South Asian Monsoon domain. To improve our understanding of these feedback systems, detrital clays from the southern Bay of Bengal (International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443) were analysed for the radiogenic isotope compositions of Sr, Nd, and Pb to reconstruct changes in sediment provenance and weathering regime related to South Asian Monsoon rainfall from 9 to 5 Ma. The 100 kyr resolution late Miocene to earliest Pliocene record suggests overall low variability in the provenance of clays deposited on the Ninetyeast Ridge. However, at 7.3 Ma, Nd and Pb isotope compositions indicate a switch to an increased relative contribution from the Irrawaddy River (by ∼10 %). This shift occurred during the global benthic δ13C decline and we suggest that global cooling and increasing aridity resulted in an eastward shift of precipitation patterns leading to a more focussed erosion of the Indo-Burman Ranges. Sr isotope compositions were decoupled from Nd and Pb isotope signatures and became more radiogenic between 6 and 5 Ma. Grassland expansion generating thick, easily weatherable soils may have led to an environment supporting intense chemical weathering which is likely responsible for the elevated detrital clay 87Sr/86Sr ratios during this time. This change in Sr isotope signatures may also have contributed to the late Miocene increase of the global seawater Sr isotope composition.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: other
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