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  • 1
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    Leopoldina
    In:  EPIC3Nova Acta Leopoldina, Leopoldina, 121(409), pp. 135-140, ISSN: 0369-5034
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-07
    Beschreibung: Climate in the high latitudes changed massively during the last deglaciation. Temperature rose due to the polar amplification more than twice as much as in the global mean leading predominately to the shrinking of various parts of the cryosphere: decline of northern hem- ispheric (NH) land ice sheets and permafrost thawing, and a reduction in sea ice extent in both hemispheres. It is thus a rather natural choice to also analyse how changes in these polar regions might influence the global carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2. Here we use carbon cy- cle models to analyse two examples of the impact of high latitude climate change on deglacial CO2: (i) changes in the position of the westerly winds in the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (based on Völker and Köhler 2013); (ii) Northern Hemisphere permafrost thawing at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) around 14.6 ka ago (based on Köhler et al. 2014).
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10 (2009): Q03012, doi:10.1029/2008GC002221.
    Beschreibung: Recently, two new proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) were proposed, i.e., the TEX86 proxy for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. In this study, fifteen laboratories participated in a round robin study of two sediment extracts with a range of TEX86 and BIT values to test the analytical reproducibility and repeatability in analyzing these proxies. For TEX86 the repeatability, indicating intra-laboratory variation, was 0.028 and 0.017 for the two sediment extracts or ±1–2°C when translated to temperature. The reproducibility, indicating among-laboratory variation, of TEX86 measurements was substantially higher, i.e., 0.050 and 0.067 or ±3–4°C when translated to temperature. The latter values are higher than those obtained in round robin studies of Mg/Ca and U37 k′ paleothermometers, suggesting the need to primarily improve compatibility between labs. The repeatability of BIT measurements for the sediment with substantial amounts of soil organic matter input was relatively small, 0.029, but reproducibility was large, 0.410. This large variance could not be attributed to specific equipment used or a particular data treatment. We suggest that this may be caused by the large difference in the molecular weight in the GDGTs used in the BIT index, i.e., crenarchaeol versus the branched GDGTs. Potentially, this difference gives rise to variable responses in the different mass spectrometers used. Calibration using authentic standards is needed to establish compatibility between labs performing BIT measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): TEX86 ; BIT ; Round robin ; HPLC/MS
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 25 (2010): PA1205, doi:10.1029/2009PA001735.
    Beschreibung: Sediments deposited under lacustrine and marine conditions in the Sea of Marmara hold a Late Quaternary record for water exchange between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Here we report a multiproxy data set based on oxygen and strontium isotope results obtained from carbonate shells, major and trace elements, and specific organic biomarker measurements, as well as a micropaleontological study from a 14C-dated sediment core retrieved from the Sea of Marmara. Pronounced changes occurred in δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values at the fresh and marine water transition, providing additional information in relation to micropaleontological data. Organic biomarker concentrations documented the marine origin of the sapropelic layer while changes in n-alkane concentrations clearly indicated an enhanced contribution for organic matter of terrestrial origin before and after the event. When compared with the Black Sea record, the results suggest that the Black Sea was outflowing to the Sea of Marmara from the Last Glacial Maximum until the warmer Bølling-Allerød. The first marine incursion in the Sea of Marmara occurred at 14.7 cal ka B.P. However, salinification of the basin was gradual, indicating that Black Sea freshwaters were still contributing to the Marmara seawater budget. After the Younger Dryas (which is associated with a high input of organic matter of terrestrial origin) both basins were disconnected, resulting in a salinity increase in the Sea of Marmara. The deposition of organic-rich sapropel that followed was mainly related to enhanced primary productivity characterized by a reorganization of the phytoplankton population.
    Beschreibung: We acknowledge support from INSU and the French Polar Institute IPEV.
    Schlagwort(e): Marmara Sea ; Lacustrine to marine transition
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 21 (2006): PA4103, doi:10.1029/2006PA001340.
    Beschreibung: The temporal relationship between meltwater pulse 1a (mwp-1a) and the climate history of the last deglaciation remains a subject of debate. By combining the Greenland Ice Core Project δ 18O ice core record on the new Greenland ice core chronology 2005 timescale with the U/Th-dated Barbados coral record, we conclusively derive that mwp-1a did not coincide with the sharp Bølling warming but instead with the abrupt cooling of the Older Dryas. To evaluate whether there is a relationship between meltwater injections, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation, and climate change, we present a high-resolution record of NADW flow intensity from Eirik Drift through the last deglaciation. It indicates only a relatively minor 200-year weakening of NADW flow, coincident with mwp-1a. Our compilation of records also indicates that during Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Dryas there were no discernible sea level rises, and yet these periods were characterized by intense NADW slowdowns/shutdowns. Clearly, deepwater formation and climate are not simply controlled by the magnitude or rate of meltwater addition. Instead, our results emphasize that the location of meltwater pulses may be more important, with NADW formation being particularly sensitive to surface freshening in the Arctic/Nordic Seas.
    Beschreibung: R. G. Fairbanks’ sea level and radiometric dating programs were supported by U.S. NSF grants ATM03-27722 and OCE99-11637.
    Schlagwort(e): North Atlantic ; Deglaciation ; Overturning
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
    Format: image/tiff
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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