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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-9)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-9)
    Abstract: The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus , supports a key European fishery. Stock assessments for this species are mostly based on trawling and UnderWater TeleVision (UWTV) surveys. However, N. norvegicus are burrowing organisms and these survey methods are unable to sample or observe individuals in their burrows. To account for this, UWTV surveys generally assume that “1 burrow system = 1 animal”, due to the territorial behavior of N. norvegicus . Nevertheless, this assumption still requires in-situ validation. Here, we outline how to improve the accuracy of current stock assessments for N. norvegicus with novel ecological monitoring technologies, including: robotic fixed and mobile camera-platforms, telemetry, environmental DNA (eDNA), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). First, we outline the present status and threat for overexploitation in N. norvegicus stocks. Then, we discuss how the burrowing behavior of N. norvegicus biases current stock assessment methods. We propose that state-of-the-art stationary and mobile robotic platforms endowed with innovative sensors and complemented with AI tools could be used to count both animals and burrows systems in-situ , as well as to provide key insights into burrowing behavior. Next, we illustrate how multiparametric monitoring can be incorporated into assessments of physiology and burrowing behavior. Finally, we develop a flowchart for the appropriate treatment of multiparametric biological and environmental data required to improve current stock assessment methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.969071
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.969071.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 2
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Abstract: Behavioral rhythms are a key aspect of species fitness, since optimize ecological activities of animals in response to a constantly changing environment. Cabled observatories enable researchers to collect long-term biological and environmental data in real-time, providing relevant information on coastal fishes’ ecological niches and their temporal regulation (i.e., phenology). In this framework, the platform OBSEA (an EMSO Testing-Site in the NW coastal Mediterranean) was used to monitor the 24-h and seasonal occurrence of an ecologically iconic (i.e., top-predator) coastal fish species, the common dentex ( Dentex dentex ). By coupling image acquisition with oceanographic and meteorological data collection at a high-frequency (30 min), we compiled 8-years’ time-series of fish counts, showing daytime peaks by waveform analysis. Peaks of occurrence followed the photophase limits as an indication of photoperiodic regulation of behavior. At the same time, we evidenced a seasonal trend of counts variations under the form of significant major and minor increases in August and May, respectively. A progressive multiannual trend of counts increase was also evidenced in agreement with the NW Mediterranean expansion of the species. In GLM and GAM modeling, counts not only showed significant correlation with solar irradiance but also with water temperature and wind speed, providing hints on the species reaction to projected climate change scenarios. Grouping behavior was reported mostly at daytime. Results were discussed assuming a possible link between count patterns and behavioral activity, which may influence video observations at different temporal scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.837216
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.837216.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Integrating Diel Vertical Migrations of Bioluminescent Deep Scattering Layers Into Monitoring Programs
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-28)
    Abstract: The deep sea (i.e., & gt;200 m depth) is a highly dynamic environment where benthic ecosystems are functionally and ecologically connected with the overlying water column and the surface. In the aphotic deep sea, organisms rely on external signals to synchronize their biological clocks. Apart from responding to cyclic hydrodynamic patterns and periodic fluctuations of variables such as temperature, salinity, phytopigments, and oxygen concentration, the arrival of migrators at depth on a 24-h basis (described as Diel Vertical Migrations; DVMs), and from well-lit surface and shallower waters, could represent a major response to a solar-based synchronization between the photic and aphotic realms. In addition to triggering the rhythmic behavioral responses of benthic species, DVMs supply food to deep seafloor communities through the active downward transport of carbon and nutrients. Bioluminescent species of the migrating deep scattering layers play a not yet quantified (but likely important) role in the benthopelagic coupling, raising the need to integrate the efficient detection and quantification of bioluminescence into large-scale monitoring programs. Here, we provide evidence in support of the benefits for quantifying and continuously monitoring bioluminescence in the deep sea. In particular, we recommend the integration of bioluminescence studies into long-term monitoring programs facilitated by deep-sea neutrino telescopes, which offer photon counting capability. Their Photo-Multiplier Tubes and other advanced optical sensors installed in neutrino telescope infrastructures can boost the study of bioluminescent DVMs in concert with acoustic backscatter and video imagery from ultra-low-light cameras. Such integration will enhance our ability to monitor proxies for the mass and energy transfer from the upper ocean into the deep-sea Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL), a key feature of the ocean biological pump and crucial for monitoring the effects of climate-change. In addition, it will allow for investigating the role of deep scattering DVMs in the behavioral responses, abundance and structure of deep-sea benthic communities. The proposed approach may represent a new frontier for the study and discovery of new, taxon-specific bioluminescence capabilities. It will thus help to expand our knowledge of poorly described deep-sea biodiversity inventories and further elucidate the connectivity between pelagic and benthic compartments in the deep-sea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.661809
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Data_Sheet_3.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 7 ( 2020-6-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 7 ( 2020-6-16)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00384
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00384.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00384.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00384.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Video_2.mp4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-26)
    Abstract: Ocean observatories collect large volumes of video data, with some data archives now spanning well over a few decades, and bringing the challenges of analytical capacity beyond conventional processing tools. The analysis of such vast and complex datasets can only be achieved with appropriate machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The implementation of AI monitoring programs for animal tracking and classification becomes necessary in the particular case of deep-sea cabled observatories, as those operated by Ocean Networks Canada (ONC), where Petabytes of data are now collected each and every year since their installation. Here, we present a machine-learning and computer vision automated pipeline to detect and count sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ), a key commercially exploited species in the N-NE Pacific. We used 651 hours of video footage obtained from three long-term monitoring sites in the NEPTUNE cabled observatory, in Barkley Canyon, on the nearby slope, and at depths ranging from 420 to 985 m. Our proposed AI sablefish detection and classification pipeline was tested and validated for an initial 4.5 month period (Sep 18 2019-Jan 2 2020), and was a first step towards validation for future processing of the now decade-long video archives from Barkley Canyon. For the validation period, we trained a YOLO neural network on 2917 manually annotated frames containing sablefish images to obtain an automatic detector with a 92% Average Precision (AP) on 730 test images, and a 5-fold cross-validation AP of 93% (± 3.7%). We then ran the detector on all video material (i.e., 651 hours from a 4.5 month period), to automatically detect and annotate sablefish. We finally applied a tracking algorithm on detection results, to approximate counts of individual fishes moving on scene and obtain a time series of proxy sablefish abundance. Those proxy abundance estimates are among the first to be made using such a large volume of video data from deep-sea settings. We discuss our AI results for application on a decade-long video monitoring program, and particularly with potential for complementing fisheries management practices of a commercially important species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-29)
    Abstract: Scientific, industrial and societal needs call urgently for the development and establishment of intelligent, cost-effective and ecologically sustainable monitoring protocols and robotic platforms for the continuous exploration of marine ecosystems. Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs) such as crawlers, provide a versatile alternative to conventional observing and sampling tools, being tele-operated, (semi-) permanent mobile platforms capable of operating on the deep and coastal seafloor. Here we present outstanding observations made by the crawler “Wally” in the last decade at the Barkley Canyon (BC, Canada, NE Pacific) methane hydrates site, as a part of the NEPTUNE cabled observatory. The crawler followed the evolution of microhabitats formed on and around biotic and/or abiotic structural features of the site (e.g., a field of egg towers of buccinid snails, and a colonized boulder). Furthermore, episodic events of fresh biomass input were observed (i.e., the mass transport of large gelatinous particles, the scavenging of a dead jellyfish and the arrival of macroalgae from shallower depths). Moreover, we report numerous faunal behaviors (i.e., sablefish rheo- and phototaxis, the behavioral reactions and swimming or resting patterns of further fish species, encounters with octopuses and various crab intra- and interspecific interactions). We report on the observed animal reactions to both natural and artificial stimuli (i.e., crawler’s movement and crawler light systems). These diverse observations showcase different capabilities of the crawler as a modern robotic monitoring platform for marine science and offshore industry. Its long deployments and mobility enable its efficiency in combining the repeatability of long-term studies with the versatility to opportunistically observe rarely seen incidents when they occur, as highlighted here. Finally, we critically assess the empirically recorded ecological footprint and the potential impacts of crawler operations on the benthic ecosystem of the Barkley Canyon hydrates site, together with potential solutions to mitigate them into the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.833617
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.833617.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Video_4.mov
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-4-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-4-21)
    Abstract: The genus Sebastes is a morphologically and ecologically diverse genus of rockfish characterized by high longevity, late-maturity and low natural mortality. On the northwest Atlantic continental shelf, the Acadian redfish ( Sebastes fasciatus ) is the most common rockfish species above 300 m depth. This species has been widely exploited resulting in the depletion or collapse of most of its stocks. Management of long-lived species with intricate life-history characteristics is challenging and requires highly integrated biological and oceanographic monitoring, which allow the identification of environmental drivers and demographic and behavioral trends. The present study uses high-temporal resolution imaging and environmental data, acquired with an autonomous lander deployed for 10-months at the Sambro Bank Sponge Conservation Area (Scotian Shelf) to elucidate S. fasciatus temporal dynamics and behavioral trends in response to near-bed environmental conditions. S. fasciatus , mostly displayed passive locomotion and static behaviors, in common with other shelf-dwelling Sebastes species. Structural complexity provided by sponges positively influenced S. fasciatus presence. Fish used sponges to avoid being dragged by bottom currents. Hydrodynamics appear to act as a synchronizing factor conditioning its swimming behavior. S. fasciatus total counts exhibited a seasonal shift in rhythm’s phase likely reflecting changes in lifestyle requirements. This study provides new insights on S. fasciatus dynamics and behavior. Nonintrusive monitoring approaches, such as the one used in this study, will be key to monitor this threatened species populations. Especially, since it is expected that S. fasciatus will experience distribution shifts to higher latitudes due to future climate stressors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158283.s006
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Assessing the Image Concept Drift at the OBSEA Coastal Underwater Cabled Observatory
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-7)
    Abstract: The marine science community is engaged in the exploration and monitoring of biodiversity dynamics, with a special interest for understanding the ecosystem functioning and for tracking the growing anthropogenic impacts. The accurate monitoring of marine ecosystems requires the development of innovative and effective technological solutions to allow a remote and continuous collection of data. Cabled fixed observatories, equipped with camera systems and multiparametric sensors, allow for a non-invasive acquisition of valuable datasets, at a high-frequency rate and for periods extended in time. When large collections of visual data are acquired, the implementation of automated intelligent services is mandatory to automatically extract the relevant biological information from the gathered data. Nevertheless, the automated detection and classification of streamed visual data suffer from the “concept drift” phenomenon, consisting of a drop of performance over the time, mainly caused by the dynamic variation of the acquisition conditions. This work quantifies the degradation of the fish detection and classification performance on an image dataset acquired at the OBSEA cabled video-observatory over a one-year period and finally discusses the methodological solutions needed to implement an effective automated classification service operating in real time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.840088
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Framing Cutting-Edge Integrative Deep-Sea Biodiversity Monitoring via Environmental DNA and Optoacoustic Augmented Infrastructures
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2022-1-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2022-1-12)
    Abstract: Deep-sea ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity that are largely unexplored, but their exploration and biodiscovery are becoming a reality thanks to biotechnological advances (e.g., omics technologies) and their integration in an expanding network of marine infrastructures for the exploration of the seas, such as cabled observatories. While still in its infancy, the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approaches is revolutionizing marine biodiversity monitoring capability. Indeed, the analysis of eDNA in conjunction with the collection of multidisciplinary optoacoustic and environmental data, can provide a more comprehensive monitoring of deep-sea biodiversity. Here, we describe the potential for acquiring eDNA as a core component for the expanding ecological monitoring capabilities through cabled observatories and their docked Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs), such as crawlers. Furthermore, we provide a critical overview of four areas of development: (i) Integrating eDNA with optoacoustic imaging; (ii) Development of eDNA repositories and cross-linking with other biodiversity databases; (iii) Artificial Intelligence for eDNA analyses and integration with imaging data; and (iv) Benefits of eDNA augmented observatories for the conservation and sustainable management of deep-sea biodiversity. Finally, we discuss the technical limitations and recommendations for future eDNA monitoring of the deep-sea. It is hoped that this review will frame the future direction of an exciting journey of biodiscovery in remote and yet vulnerable areas of our planet, with the overall aim to understand deep-sea biodiversity and hence manage and protect vital marine resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.797140
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and Interoperable Instrumentation for Ocean Observation
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Abstract: The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing issues of sustainability in resource and habitat management of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.801033
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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