Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Irrigation -- 1 Identification of Farming Systems in Tribal Region of Zone IV-B of Rajasthan (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Area Under Various Crops in Study Area -- Livestock Population in the Study Area -- Farming Systems -- Farming Systems in Dungarpur District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Farming Systems in Banswara District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Irrigated Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Energy Assessment of Rice Under Conventional and Drip Irrigation Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Operations -- Method of Energy Calculation -- Evaluation of Manual Energy Input -- Evaluation of Mechanical Energy Use -- Data Recorded for Energy Determination -- Energy Indices -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Response of Okra Under Microsprinkler and Surface Methods of Irrigation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Development of Universal Ultimate Total Green Chemistry and Eco-Agriculture for Sustainable Productivity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Method -- Results -- The Green Chemistry -- Chemistry in Production System -- Salt Formation -- Measures to Overcome the Toxic Heavy Metal and Toxic Gases Generated in the Production Process -- The Racy Nature Agriculture Technology -- The Technology -- Technology Module -- Validation of the Technology -- Crops and Cropping Patterns -- Yearly Yield Enhancement and Water Conservation -- New Cropping Practice Based on Nitrogen Cycle Management -- Improvement in Quality -- Reduction in GHG Releases -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 Landscape Gardening and Environmental Restoration: Concerns in Mughal Kashmir -- Abstract -- Landscape Garden Ecology -- Source and Methodology -- Mughal Concerns -- Other Notable Gardens Established Around Dal Lake -- Of Water and Plants in the Mughal Gardens of Kashmir -- Significance of Water and the water Channels -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Eco-Treatment Zone in Open Drain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Make Drains Treatment Zones -- Ecotechnologies -- Advantages -- Case Study I -- Ecological Restoration of Rasoolabad Stream Complex on the Bbanks of Ganga River, Allahabad (Patil et al. 2012) -- Ecological Treatment System Installed Under Rasoolabad Stream Complex -- Some Important Highlight of the Project -- Case Study II -- Ecological Restoration of Udaipur's Ahar River (Kodarkar and Joshi 2010) -- Analysis of Ahar River -- Transparency of River at Various Locations -- Conclusion -- References -- Water Resources Planning and Management -- 7 Water Crisis: Issues and Challenges in Punjab -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Water and Their Status in Punjab -- Groundwater -- Rainfall -- Rivers and Canal -- Water Quality and Health Issues -- Government Initiatives -- Future Prospects -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Issues and Challenges of River Health Assessment in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- River Health-Issues of Concern -- Water Quality Index-Issues of Concern -- Category of Indicators and Sub-indicators for River Health -- Aggregation of Sub-indicators/Indicators -- Grading Scale for River Health -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Coastal Reservoir-How to Develop Freshwater from the Sea Without Desalination -- Abstract -- Introduction and Problem Statement -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Leakage Detection Studies for Water Supply Systems-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background. , Recent Studies on Leakage Detection -- Discussion -- References -- 11 Quantification of Water Footprint of National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Footprint: Status Quo -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Assessment of Domestic Water Footprint -- Assessment of Agricultural Water Footprint -- Assessment of Industrial Water Footprint -- Assessment of Virtual Water -- Results and Discussion -- Domestic Water Footprint -- Agriculture Water Footprint -- Industrial Water Footprint -- Virtual Water -- Total Water Footprint -- Conclusion -- Limitations -- References -- 12 Salt Water Intrusion and Water Security Issues of Coastal Community: Case of Thane District (Maharashtra) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix 1: Spatial Relations -- Bibliography -- 13 Study of Suction Versus Water Content of Soil of Turamdih Area Mixed with Bentonite and Its Implication on the Liner Property of Tailing Dam: A Case Study of East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, Eastern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background of Suction -- Methods Used -- Soil Total Suction Measurement -- Experimental Procedure -- Soil Matric Suction Measurements -- Experimental Procedure -- Test Materials -- Result and Discussion -- References -- 14 Long-Term Water Planning: A Review of Kenya National Water Master Plan 2030 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- General Background -- Historical Background -- Study Area -- Socio-economic Development -- Problem Statement -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- The Legal and Institutional Setup -- Climate Change -- Population Projections -- Water Availability -- Water Uses -- Balance of Demand and Available Water Resources -- Challenges in Long-Term Water Planning -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations. , Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Integrated Water Management at Local Government Level for Southern Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Main Objectives and Methodology -- Water Cycle -- Institutional Models -- South Africa -- Namibia -- Zimbabwe -- Botswana -- Zambia -- The WDM Model -- Evaluation Criteria -- Evaluation -- Results -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 16 Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia: Some Initiatives at the Basin Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Integrated Water Resources Management -- Langat River Basin in Malaysia -- Water Resources Management Issues in Langat -- Some Initiatives at Basin Level -- Through Establishment of IWRM Research Group -- Through IWRM R& -- D Projects -- Through IWRM Capacity Building Programmes -- Through Stakeholders and Community Engagements -- Key Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 A Mechanical System for Lake Environment Management -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Management in Lakes -- The Invention -- Water Hyacinth Chopper Cum Crusher -- Significant Achievements and Advantages of the Developed Machine -- References -- 18 Wetland Characterization and Implications on Agriculture in L. Victoria Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- ERT Imaging -- Transect 1 -- Transect 2 -- Transect 3 -- Transect 4 -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Results and Discussion -- ERT Imaging -- Profile 1 -- Profile 2 -- Profile 3 -- Profile 4 -- Borehole Distribution in the Study Area -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Coastal Land Use/Land Cover and Shoreline Studies for Dakshina Kannada Coast, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- General Methodology -- Shoreline Configuration -- LU/LC Mapping. , Results and Discussion -- Analysis of Shoreline Change -- Land Use Land Cover -- Conclusions -- References -- 20 Management of Coalbed Methane and Coal Mine Produced Water for Beneficial Use in Damodar Basin of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 21 Water Supply-Demand Assessment in Ur River Watershed in Tikamgarh District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Water Balance Equation -- System Inflows -- System Water Use -- Evaporation from Water Bodies -- Evapotranspiration -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic and Livestock Use -- Water Use for Non-agricultural Production -- System Outflows -- Surface Water Outflow -- Groundwater Outflow -- System Storages -- Unaccounted Water -- Establishment of Water Balance -- Analysis and Results -- Inflows to the System -- Computation of Mean Areal Rainfall -- Water Use in the System -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic Purposes and Livestock Needs -- System Outflows -- Surface Runoff -- Groundwater Outflow/Inflow -- Change in Storage in the System -- Water Budget -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Analysis of Spring Discharge in the Lesser Himalayas: A Case Study of Mathamali Spring, Aglar Watershed, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods of Analysis -- Data Characteristics -- Data Analysis -- Simple Exponential -- Least Squares Method -- Hyperbola -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve -- Performance Evaluation -- Results and Discussions -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve (FDC) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 23 Submerged Geotextile Sand Containers for Coastal Defence -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives. , Experimental Details.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Climatic Characteristics -- 1 Trends in Temperature for the Himalayan Environment of Leh (Jammu and Kashmir), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Estimation of Magnitude of Trends -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Changes in Sunshine Duration in Humid Environments of Agartala (Tripura), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area and Meteorological Data -- Methods of Trend Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Application of Multiple Linear Regression as Downscaling Methodology for Lower Godavari Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Selection of Predictors and Predictands -- Selection of GCM and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) -- Data Preparation -- Statistical Downscaling -- Results and Discussion -- Application of Downscaled Scenarios for Future Periods -- Analysis for Grid 1: 17.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 2: 17.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 3: 18.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 4: 18.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 5: 18.5N-82.5E -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Statistical Downscaling of Minimum Temperature of Raipur (C.G.) India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Analysis of Results -- CGCM A1B Forcing Condition -- Generation of Series for A2 Forcing Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Statistical Downscaling of Daily Temperatures and Precipitation Data from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5)-RCPs Experiment: In Weyib River Basin, Southeastern Ethiopia -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area (Weyib River Basin) -- Earth System Model (ESM) and RCP Scenarios -- Types of Data Used -- Downscaling Methods -- Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) -- Precipitation and Temperatures Scenario Statistics -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test -- SDSM Performance Evaluation -- Coefficient of Determination (R2) -- Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (E) -- Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) -- Results and Discussion -- Selected Potential Predictor Variables -- Calibration and Validation of SDSM for Both Temperatures and Precipitation -- Scenarios Developed for Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Maximum Temperature Scenarios -- Minimum Temperature Scenarios -- Precipitation Scenarios -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test of Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Global Climate Pattern Behind Hydrological Extremes in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Quantification of Dry and Wet Events Through Standardized Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI) -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern (GCP) for Central India -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Reduction of Dimensionality of GCP -- Model for Classification of Dry and Wet Events -- Evaluation of the Prediction Performance Using GCP as Input -- Results and Discussions -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern for Central India -- Global Fields of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) -- Global Fields of Surface Pressure (SP) -- Global Fields of Air Temperature (AT), Wind Speed (WS), and Total Precipitable Water (TPW) -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 Changes in ENSO and IOD Effects on the Extreme Rainfall of Hyderabad City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Rainfall Analysis -- 8 Detecting Changes in Regional Rainfall Series in India Using Binary Segmentation-Based Multiple Change-Point Detection Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Estimation of the Multiple Change-Points Using Binary Segmentation Approach -- Estimation of Test Statistics Lambda -- Study Area and Data -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 9 Analyzing Non-stationarity in the Hyderabad City Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- The Non-stationary IDF Curves -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Development of Finer Resolution Rainfall Scenario for Kangsabati Catchment and Command -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Acquisition -- Methodology -- Development of Downscaling Model for NCEP Reanalysis Outputs -- Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) -- Kernel Regression (KR) -- Performance Evaluation of MLR and KR Downscaling Techniques -- Establishment of Downscaling Technique for Multi-GCM Ensemble Outputs -- Results and Analysis -- Performance Comparison of MLR and KR Statistical Downscaling Techniques -- Multi-GCM Ensemble Rainfall Prediction for Historical and RCP8.5 Scenarios -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Investigation of the Relationship Between Natural Aerosols and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Using a Climate Model -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data Set and Methods -- Results -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Impacts of Climate Change -- 12 Change Point Analysis of Air Temperature in India -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Pettit's Test -- Results and Discussions -- Change Point Analysis -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sewage Treatment Plants Based on Sequential Batch Reactor in Maharashtra -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Study of Climate Change in Uttarakhand Himalayas: Changing Patterns of Historical Rainfall -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- Regression Model -- Mann Kendall Model -- Data Preparation -- Trend Analysis and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 The Impact of Climate Change on Rainfall Variability: A Study in Central Himalayas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- Determination of Anomalies -- Regression Model -- Magnitude of Trend -- Significance of Trend -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Estimation of Changes in Annual Peak Flows in Netravathi River Basin, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used and Methodology -- Trend of Historical Changes of Annual Peak Flows -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Flood-Frequency Analyses for Full Periods of Record -- Results and Discussions -- Flood-Frequency Analysis for Observed Peak Stream Flows -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Semi-Arid Region of Chittorgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Study Framework -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis Using PROMETHEE -- Results and Discussion -- Verification of Results -- Using Analytical Hierarchy Process -- Using Social Choice Method -- Climate Change Impact and Its Prediction -- Conclusions -- References. , 18 Water Availability Under Changing Climate Scenario in Ur River Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Computation of Aerial Average Rainfall -- Potential Evapotranspiration -- Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) Model -- Monthly Water Balance Model -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Results and Discussion -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Water Sustainability Assessment Under Climatic Uncertainty-A Case Study of Chhattisgarh (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Terminology Used in the Assessment of WSI -- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- Probability Density Function Used in SPI -- Goodness-of-Fit Tests -- Reliability-Resilience-Vulnerability for SPI Time Series -- Reliability -- Resilience -- Vulnerability -- Relative Vulnerability -- Water Sustainability -- Distance-Based Multicriteria Decision Making -- Proposed Methodology for Water Sustainability Assessment -- Case Study -- WSI Under HadCM3-A2 Climate Change Scenario -- WSI Under HadCM3-B2 Climate Change Scenario -- Conclusions -- References -- Low Flow and Drought -- 20 Coupling of Tennant Concept with Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the Prediction of Environmental Flow Condition from Rainfall in Upper Narmada Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Standardized Precipitation Index -- Tennant Method -- Results and Discussion -- Mohegaon Catchment -- Hridaynagar Catchment -- Manot Catchment -- Sher Catchment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Assessment of Drought in Balangir District of Odisha, India Using Drought Indices -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of Study Area -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References. , 22 Impact of HFC Fire Extinguishing Clean Agents on Climate Change and Its System Design Requirements for Fire Hazards in India-A Brief Study.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 River Basins of India and Water Resources -- 1.1 River Systems -- 1.1.1 Himalayan Rivers -- 1.1.2 Coastal Rivers -- 1.1.3 Deccan Rivers -- 1.1.4 Inland Drainage Basins -- 1.2 Classification of Indian River Basin Based on Drainage Area -- 1.3 Water Resources of India -- 1.3.1 Surface Water Resources -- 1.3.2 Ground Water Resources -- References -- 2 Salient Features of the Yamuna River Basin -- 2.1 Tributaries of the Yamuna River -- 2.2 Yamuna River Catchment Area -- 2.3 Water Allocation -- 2.4 Uses of Yamuna River Water -- 2.4.1 Abstractive Uses -- 2.4.1.1 Domestic Water Supplies -- 2.4.1.2 Irrigation -- 2.4.1.3 Western Yamuna Canal (WJC) -- 2.4.1.4 Eastern Yamuna Canal (EJC) -- 2.4.1.5 Agra Canal -- 2.4.1.6 Gurgaon Canal -- 2.4.2 In-Stream Uses -- 2.4.2.1 Hydropower -- 2.4.2.2 Fisheries -- 2.4.2.3 Growing Aquatic Plants -- 2.4.2.4 Navigation -- 2.4.2.5 River Bathing and Washing -- 2.4.2.6 Recreational Uses -- 2.4.2.7 Cattle Bathing and Washing -- 3 Climate of the Basin -- 3.1 Rainfall -- 3.1.1 Average Rainfall -- 3.1.2 Probability Analysis of Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.3 Quantile Estimates of Daily Maximum and Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.4 Onset of Effective Monsoon and Number of Rainydays -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Wind -- 3.4 Humidity -- 3.5 Evapotranspiration -- 3.6 Aridity Index and Climate Classification -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Pattern Changes in Climatic Variables -- 4.1 Statistical Test for Climatological Data -- 4.1.1 Persistence -- 4.1.2 Trend -- 4.1.2.1 Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.2 Modified Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.3 Mann-Kendall Test with Pre-whitening -- 4.1.3 Periodicity -- 4.1.3.1 Statistical Significance Test -- 4.2 Application -- 4.2.1 Data Processing -- 4.3 Results and Discussions -- 4.3.1 Persistence -- 4.3.2 Trend Analysis -- 4.3.3 Periodicity. , 4.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Geomorphology and Geology -- 5.1 Topographic Characteristics -- 5.2 Major Tributaries -- 5.3 Geomorphologic Characteristics -- 5.3.1 Geomorphologic Parameters -- 5.3.1.1 Basin Order and Channel Order -- 5.3.1.2 Basin Area -- 5.3.1.3 Basin Shape -- 5.3.1.4 Basin Slope -- 5.3.1.5 Drainage Basin Similarity -- 5.3.1.6 Drainage Density -- 5.3.2 Determination of Hortons Ratio -- 5.3.2.1 Bifurcation Ratio Rb -- 5.3.2.2 Stream-Length Ratio R1 -- 5.3.2.3 Stream-Area Ratio Ra -- 5.4 Geology of the Basin -- 5.5 Lithology and Hydrogeology of the Basin -- 5.5.1 Himalayan Region -- 5.5.2 National Capital Region (NCR) Region -- 5.5.3 Ken and Betwa Catchment -- 5.5.4 Chambal Catchment -- References -- 6 Soil, Landuse and Agriculture -- 6.1 Soil Classification -- 6.2 Landuse -- 6.2.1 Forests and Protected Areas -- 6.2.2 National Parks and Sanctuaries -- 6.2.3 Biodiversity -- 6.2.3.1 Haryana -- 6.2.3.2 Rajasthan -- 6.2.3.3 Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand -- 6.3 Agriculture in the Basin -- 6.3.1 Agro-climatic Zones -- 6.3.2 Crop Seasons -- 6.3.2.1 Cropping Pattern -- 6.3.2.2 State-Wise Agro-ecosystem -- 6.3.2.3 Cropping Intensity -- 6.4 Irrigation -- 6.5 State-Wise Agriculture -- 6.5.1 Uttar Pradesh -- 6.5.2 Madhya Pradesh -- 6.5.3 Rajasthan -- 6.5.4 Delhi -- 6.5.5 Haryana -- 6.6 Fertilizer and Pesticides Application -- 6.7 Practice of IPM and IPNM -- References -- 7 Socio-economic Status -- 7.1 Demography -- 7.1.1 Urban and Rural Population -- 7.1.2 Population Density -- 7.1.3 Population Growth Rate -- 7.1.4 The Rate of Urbanization -- 7.1.5 Migrants -- 7.2 Sex Ratio -- 7.3 Literacy -- 7.4 Main and Marginal Workers -- 7.4.1 Cultivator and Agricultural Labourer -- 7.5 Health: Vital Statistics -- 7.6 Population Below Poverty Line (BPL) -- 7.7 Human Development Index -- 7.8 Livelihood and Employment -- 7.9 Livestock Population. , 7.10 Water Supply -- 7.10.1 Water Auditing -- 7.10.1.1 Transmission Losses -- 7.10.1.2 Water Conservation -- References -- 8 Water Resources and Water Budgeting -- 8.1 Water Resources Assessment -- 8.1.1 Surface Water Resources -- 8.1.1.1 Surface Water Storage -- 8.1.2 Groundwater Resources -- 8.1.3 Soil Moisture Storage -- 8.2 Water Demand Estimation -- 8.2.1 Agricultural Water Demand -- 8.2.2 Surplus and Deficit Analysis -- 8.3 Flood Hydrograph Estimation for the Catchments -- 8.3.1 Regional Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2 Geomorphology Based Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2.1 Derivation of Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph (GUH) -- 8.3.2.2 The Nash Model -- 8.3.2.3 Geomorphology Based Parameter Estimation of Nashs GIUH -- 8.3.2.4 Application of the GIUH Methodology -- References -- 9 Water Pollution -- 9.1 Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1 Point Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1.1 Domestic Pollution -- 9.1.1.2 Industrial Pollution -- 9.1.2 Non Point or Diffused Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.2.1 Agricultural Pollution -- 9.1.3 Dumping of Garbage and Dead Bodies -- 9.1.4 Immersion of Idols -- 9.1.5 Pollution Due to In-Stream Use of Water -- 9.2 Water Quality Issues in Yamuna River -- 9.2.1 High Organic Contents -- 9.2.2 High Nutrients -- 9.2.3 Excessive Presence of Pathogens -- 9.2.4 Accumulation of Pollutants in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.5 Aesthetic Value -- 9.2.6 Deforestation in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.7 Reduction in the Quantity of Water -- 9.2.8 Discharges from Sewage Treatment Plants -- 9.2.9 Role of Barrages -- 9.3 River Segmentation -- 9.4 Water Quality Monitoring -- 9.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality Parameters -- 9.6 Water Quality Standards -- References -- 10 Wastewater Generation and Treatment -- 10.1 Urbanization in the Yamuna Basin -- 10.2 Water Supply and Wastewater Generation. , 10.3 Trends in Sewage Generation and Treatment -- 10.4 Inventory of Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment Plants -- 10.5 Industrial Wastewater Generation, Treatment and Disposal -- 10.6 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7 Wastewater Discharged into the Yamuna -- 10.7.1 Wastewater Discharged from Delhi -- 10.7.1.1 Pollution Load Generation from Domestic Sources in Delhi -- 10.7.1.2 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7.1.3 Pollution Loads Contributed to Yamuna and Agra Canal Through Drains -- 10.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Water Quality Index and Status -- 11.1 Water Quality Index -- 11.1.1 National Sanitation Foundations WQI (NSF-WQI) -- 11.1.1.1 Rating Curve for Fecal Coliform -- 11.1.1.2 Rating Curve for Total Solids -- 11.1.1.3 Rating Curve for Dissolved Oxygen -- 11.1.1.4 Rating Curve for Turbidity -- 11.1.1.5 Rating Curve for pH -- 11.1.1.6 Rating Curve for BOD -- 11.1.1.7 Rating Curve for Nitrate -- 11.1.1.8 Rating Curve for Phosphate -- 11.1.1.9 Rating Curve for Temperature Change -- 11.1.2 Multiplicative NSF-WQI -- 11.1.3 CCME WQI -- 11.1.3.1 Data Requirement -- 11.1.3.2 Calculation of Index -- 11.1.4 WQI -- 11.1.4.1 Formulation of WQI -- 11.1.4.2 Water Quality Rating Curve -- 11.1.4.3 Rating Curve for Radionuclides -- 11.1.4.4 Rating Curve for Heavy Metals -- 11.1.4.5 Rating Curve for EC -- 11.1.4.6 Rating Curve for SO4 -- 11.1.4.7 Rating Curve for Suspended Solids (SS) -- 11.1.4.8 Water Quality Classification -- 11.1.5 Universal WQI Based on European Classification Scheme (UWQI) -- 11.1.5.1 Aggregation Function of UWQI -- 11.1.6 Concluding Remarks on Water Quality Index -- 11.2 Water Quality Status Based on the Data -- 11.2.1 Water Quality Trends in the Yamuna -- 11.2.2 Water Quality Profile of the Yamuna -- 11.2.2.1 Bio-mapping of the Yamuna River. , 11.2.3 Monthly Variation in Water Quality Parameters -- 11.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Environmental Flows -- 12.1 Definition -- 12.2 Methods for Assessment of Environmental Flows -- 12.3 The Tennant Method -- 12.3.1 The Modified Tennant Method -- 12.3.2 Application of Modified Tennant Method -- 12.4 EMC Based Environmental Flow Calculator -- 12.4.1 Establishing Environmental Flow Duration Curve -- 12.4.2 Simulating Continuous Monthly Time Series of Environmental Flows -- 12.4.3 Application of the Methodology -- 12.4.3.1 Paonta Saheb (Origin to Hathinikund reach) -- 12.4.3.2 Kalanaur Site (Hathinikund Barrage to Wazirabad Barrage Reach) -- 12.4.3.3 Delhi Railway Bridge, DRB (Wazirabad to Okhla Reach) -- 12.4.3.4 Agra site (Okhla to Agra Reach) -- 12.4.3.5 Pratappur Site (Agra to Allahabad Reach) -- 12.5 Development of Component Based Environmental Flow Estimator -- 12.5.1 Water Requirement for Assimilation of Polluted River Water -- 12.5.2 Water Required for Evaporation -- 12.5.2.1 Estimation of Evaporation -- 12.5.3 Water Required for Groundwater Conservation -- 12.5.3.1 Estimation of Wetted Perimeter -- 12.5.4 Water Required for Aquatic-Habitat Conservation -- 12.5.5 Application of Methodology -- 12.5.5.1 Data Preparation and Analysis -- 12.6 Comparison of the Approaches -- 12.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Cropping Plan for Water Resources Management -- 13.1 Landuse and Agriculture -- 13.2 Parameters of Cropping Pattern -- 13.2.1 Estimation of Crop Water Requirement -- 13.2.2 Suitability of Crops Based on Physical Environment -- 13.2.2.1 Cropping Systems -- 13.3 Identification of Suitable Crop Rotation -- 13.4 Identification of Suitable Cropping Patterns -- 13.5 Water Conservation Under Different Cropping Patterns -- 13.6 Impact of Change in Cropping Patterns on Water Allocation -- 13.7 Concluding Remarks -- References. , Appendix A Salient Feature of Dams in the Yamuna Basin.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Challenges and Opportunities for Peri-urban Futures -- Abstract -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.2…Urbanisation Process and Impacts -- 1.3…The Complex Nature of Peri-urban Areas -- 1.4…Sustainable Urbanisation and Future Challenges -- 1.5…Water Resources -- 1.6…Infrastructure Development -- 1.7…Urbanisation and Biodiversity -- References -- 2 Integrated Water Cycle Modelling of the Urban/Peri-urban Continuum -- Abstract -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Urban/Peri-urban Land Use Continuum -- 2.3…Urban/Peri-urban Water Cycle -- 2.4…Water Cycle Modelling -- 2.5…Resource Assessment and Allocation -- 2.6…Urban/Peri-urban Subsystems Modelling -- 2.6.1 Integrated Modelling Challenges -- 2.7…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIUrbanisation -- 3 Geo-Social Aspects of Developments in Peri-urban Regions -- Abstract -- 3.1…Introduction -- 3.1.1 Peri-urban Development in India -- 3.2…Geo-Social Land Suitability -- 3.3…Challenges of Urban Development -- 3.4…Case Study of Udaipur -- 3.4.1 Recent Trends of City Developments -- 3.5…Conclusions -- References -- 4 Urbanisation of Peri-urban Regions: Is It a Boon or Threat to the Liveability of Future Cities in India? -- Abstract -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…Land Mafia and Land Use Change -- 4.3…Good Practice Urban Agriculture -- 4.4…Open Spaces Within Built Environment -- 4.5…Benefits to Slums and Peri-urban Zones -- 4.6…Urban Forestry -- 4.7…Closing Ecological Loops -- 4.8…Liveability -- 4.9…Migration in Indian Cities -- 4.10…Stimulating the Role of Governance -- 4.10.1 Decentralized Government at the City-Level -- 4.10.2 Policy Initiatives and Funding to Cities -- 4.10.3 Effective Land Use and City Planning -- 4.10.4 Role of Civil Society Groups/NGOs -- 4.10.5 Role of Private Players and Technology. , 4.10.6 Role of the Public -- 4.11…Conclusions -- References -- 5 The Expanding Urban Fringe: Impacts on Peri-urban Areas, Melbourne, Australia -- Abstract -- 5.1…Introduction -- 5.2…Melbourne's Peri-urban Zones -- 5.3…Urban Encroachment into Peri-urban Areas -- 5.4…Development Impacts on Inner Peri-urban Resources -- 5.5…Melbourne's Outer Peri-urban Region -- 5.6…Cross-Sectoral Policy and Neoliberal Governance -- 5.7…Conclusions -- References -- 6 Challenges in the Urban and Peri-urban Transition Zones and Strategies for Sustainable Cities: Experiences from Selected Cities -- Abstract -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…Urbanisation in India -- 6.2.1 Type of Towns -- 6.2.2 Volume and Trend of Urbanisation in India -- 6.2.3 Trends in Rural and Urban Population -- 6.2.4 Causal Factors Behind Urbanization in India -- 6.3…Peri-urban -- 6.3.1 Major Challenges for Peri-urban Futures -- 6.3.2 Peri-urban Water Security -- 6.3.3 Water and Sanitation Issues -- 6.3.4 Water Supply and Access -- 6.3.5 Coping Strategies -- 6.3.6 Mainstreaming Peri-urban Issues in Policy and Planning -- 6.3.7 Loss of Agricultural Land and the Issue of Food Security -- 6.4…Issues in Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture -- 6.4.1 Safe and Nutritionally Adequate Food for Consumers -- 6.4.2 Agricultural Efficiency of Producers -- 6.4.3 Sustainability of Urban Environment for Society -- 6.5…Concluding Remarks -- Suggested Readings -- 7 Managing Threats and Opportunities of Urbanisation for Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Tamale, Ghana -- Abstract -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Economic Role of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture -- 7.3…Profile of Tamale, the Focal City -- 7.4…The Expansion of Tamale and Associated Agricultural Threats and Opportunities -- 7.5…Farmer Reactions to Threats and Opportunities -- 7.6…Conclusions -- References -- Part IIIWater and Energy. , 8 Urbanisation and Its Effects on Water, Food Security and Energy Needs in Iran: A Case Study of City of Shiraz -- Abstract -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Shiraz and Its Population Growth -- 8.3…Land Use Changes in the Shiraz Plain -- 8.4…Urbanisation and Its Effect on Water Resources -- 8.5…Urbanisation and Its Effect on Food Security -- 8.6…Urbanisation and Its Effect on Energy Consumption and Air Pollution -- 8.7…Strategies for Sustainable Cities in Iran -- 8.8…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Thirsty Cities: The Urban Water Footprint and the Peri-urban Interface, a Four City Case Study from West Africa -- Abstract -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…Methodology -- 9.3…Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Reducing the Urban Water Footprint -- 9.4…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Securing Water Supply in Western Sydney: An Analysis of Water Use, Demand and Availability in the South Creek Catchment -- Abstract -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Water and Irrigation Strategy Enhancement Through Regional Partnership -- 10.3…South Creek Catchment -- 10.3.1 Demographics and Land Use -- 10.3.2 Current and Future Scenarios -- 10.4…Water Use, Demand and Availability -- 10.5…Securing Water Supply: Use and Reuse of Water -- 10.6…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Stormwater Reuse for Sustainable Cities: The South Australian Experience -- Abstract -- 11.1…Introduction -- 11.2…Method -- 11.2.1 Study Sites and Survey -- 11.2.2 Factors Affecting Residents' Attitudes to Using the Treated Stormwater -- 11.2.2.1 Perceptions of Health Risk -- 11.2.2.2 Emotion -- 11.2.2.3 Attitudes and Intentions -- 11.2.2.4 Attributes of Stormwater -- 11.3…Results and Discussion -- 11.3.1 Community Attitudes and Intentions in Relation to Fit-for-Use Stormwater Usage -- 11.3.2 Factors Determining the Uptake of Stormwater on Different Potential Uses. , 11.3.2.1 Personal Washing -- 11.3.2.2 Washing Dogs -- Flushing Toilets -- Washing Clothes -- Watering of Fruit, Vegetables and Flowers -- Watering of Lawns, Gardens and Parks -- Washing Cars -- 11.4…Conclusions and Recommendation -- References -- 12 Improving the Liveability of Cities: The Role of Solar Energy in Urban and Peri-urban Areas -- Abstract -- 12.1…Introduction -- 12.2…Active Solar -- 12.2.1 Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Systems and CSP -- 12.2.2 Solar Thermal Systems -- 12.3…Passive Solar -- 12.3.1 Working Principle of Passive Solar Design -- 12.3.2 Passive Solar Heating -- 12.3.3 Passive Solar Cooling -- 12.4…Other Ventilation Strategies -- 12.5…Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part IVWastewater -- 13 Renewable Energy Policies to Shrink the Carbon Footprint in Cities: Developing CSR Programmes -- Abstract -- 13.1…Introduction -- 13.2…City Environment Integration -- 13.3…Ecological Footprint Assessment -- 13.4…Environmental Budgets and Audits -- 13.5…Carbon Footprint -- 13.6…Corporate Social Responsibility and Renewable Energy -- 13.7…Sustainable Energy -- 13.7.1 Solar Energy -- 13.7.2 Wind Energy -- 13.7.3 Hydropower -- 13.7.4 Biomass Energy -- 13.7.5 Improved Cookstoves -- 13.7.6 Biomass Gasifier -- 13.7.7 Biogas Plants -- 13.7.8 Biofuel -- 13.7.9 Hydrogen -- 13.7.10 Geothermal Energy -- 13.7.11 Ocean Energy -- 13.8…Case Studies -- 13.9…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14 Perspectives on Urban Sanitation, Liveability and Peri-urban Futures of Indian Cities -- Abstract -- 14.1…Introduction -- 14.2…Urbanising India -- 14.3…Urban Nomenclature: Disconnect Between the Statistical and the Political Stance and Liveability Indices -- 14.3.1 Understanding and Linking Liveability -- 14.4…Sanitation in Urban India -- 14.4.1 Programmes, Initiatives and Overall Trends -- 14.4.2 Sewerage -- 14.4.3 Solid Waste -- 14.5…The Peri-urban Future. , 14.6…Conclusions -- References -- 15 Decentralised Wastewater Management for Improving Sanitation in Peri-urban India -- Abstract -- 15.1…Introduction -- 15.2…Characteristics of Peri-urban Areas -- 15.2.1 Poor Physical Site Conditions and Complicated Site Layouts -- 15.2.2 Limited Water Availability -- 15.2.3 High Density Population -- 15.2.4 Organization of Communities and Social Characteristics -- 15.2.5 Lack of Legal Land Tenure, Government Recognition and Services -- 15.2.6 Low Income Levels and Reliance on the Informal Economy -- 15.2.7 Limited Political Influence -- 15.3…Wastewater Production and Disposal in Peri-urban Areas -- 15.4…Decentralised Approaches to Wastewater Management -- 15.4.1 Benefits of Decentralised Approaches of Wastewater Management -- 15.4.1.1 Decentralised Decision Making and Participatory Planning -- 15.4.1.2 Financial Advantages of Decentralised Management -- 15.4.1.3 Segregation of Wastewater at Source -- 15.4.1.4 Compatibility with Local Demands for Wastewater Re-use -- 15.4.2 Options for Decentralised Waste Water Treatment -- 15.4.2.1 Anaerobic Treatment -- 15.4.2.2 Waste Stabilisation Ponds -- 15.4.2.3 Constructed Wetlands -- 15.4.3 Constraints on Implementation of Decentralised Waste Water Management -- 15.4.3.1 Lack of Management Expertise -- 15.4.3.2 Institutional Constraints -- 15.4.3.3 Economic Constraints -- 15.4.3.4 Social Constraints -- 15.5…Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part VUrban Agriculture -- 16 Wastewater Treatment Capacity, Food Production and Health Risk in Peri-urban Areas: A Comparison of Three Cities -- Abstract -- 16.1…Introduction -- 16.1.1 Study Locations -- 16.1.1.1 Accra -- 16.1.1.2 Addis Ababa -- 16.1.1.3 Hyderabad -- 16.2…Methods -- 16.3…Results -- 16.3.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Generation -- 16.3.2 Wastewater Use in Irrigated Farming. , 16.4…Potential of Wastewater Treatment for Risk Reduction.

Anmerkung: Intro -- part1.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_1_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Introduction -- Introduction -- 1-4020-5180-8_1_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Physical Environment of India -- Topography -- Political Divisions of India -- Climate -- Meteorological Sub Divisions -- Soils of India -- Land Use and Land Management -- Forests -- Agriculture -- Flora of India -- Fauna of India -- Wetlands -- Lakes -- Hydrology in Ancient India -- part2.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_2_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Hydrology and Hydrometeorology -- Hydrology and Hydrometeorology -- 1-4020-5180-8_2_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Water Budget and Population of India -- The water balance equation -- World Water Inventory -- Water Balance for India -- Population and nutrition requirements -- Water poverty index -- 1-4020-5180-8_3_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Rainfall and Analysis of Rainfall Data -- Measurement of rainfall -- Measurement of Snow -- Storage of Rainfall data -- Estimation of Missing Data -- Disaggregation of Daily Data -- Rainfall of Various Durations -- Rain Storm Analysis -- Rainfall Intensity -- Duration -- Frequency Studies -- Long range forecast of monsoon -- Relation between Rainfall Extremes and El Nino Characteristics -- 1-4020-5180-8_4_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Evaporation and other Meteorological Data -- Evaporation -- Temperature -- Humidity -- Sunshine -- Wind -- Atmosphere Pressure -- Radiation -- Automated Weather Station (AWS) -- 1-4020-5180-8_5_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Runoff and Streamflow -- Acquisition and Processing of Streamflow Data -- Stream Gauging Networks -- Hydrologic Design of Projects -- Baseflow -- Flood Frequency Analysis -- Food forecasting -- 1-4020-5180-8_6_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Groundwater -- Introduction -- Hydrogeology of India -- Characterization of Rock Types of India -- Infiltration -- Ground Water Monitoring Network in India -- Ground Water Resources. , Estimation of Ground Water Resource in India -- Norms for Estimation of Recharge -- Ground Water Draft -- Artesian flow -- Conjunctive Use of Water -- part3.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_3_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 River Basins -- River Basins -- 1-4020-5180-8_7_OnlinePDF.pdf -- River Basins of India -- Major river groups of India -- Mythological Naming of Rivers -- River Basins of India -- Freshwater resources -- Data Requirement for Water Resources Development (WRD) Projects -- 1-4020-5180-8_8_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Ganga Basin -- Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak (Meghna) Basin -- Ganga Basin -- Major tributaries of Ganga -- The Ganga Delta -- Major Water Resources Development Projects in the Ganga Basin -- Ganga-Brahmputra-Barak Basin Study -- Problems in Water Resources Development of Ganga Basin -- Water Quality Aspects -- Ground Water Aspects in Terai and Ganga Plain Zones -- Ground Water in Ganga Plains -- Epilogue -- 1-4020-5180-8_9_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Brahmaputra and Barak Basin -- The Brahmaputra Basin -- Hydrometeorology of the Basin -- Soils of the Brahmaputra Basin -- Hydrogeology -- Ground Water Resource Potential -- Crops and Cropping Pattern -- Precipitation -- Discharge -- Sediment Transport -- Irrigation -- Hydropower -- Environmental and other aspects -- Concluding Remarks -- 1-4020-5180-8_10_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Indus Basin -- The Indus Basin -- Topography of Indus Basin -- Kandi Belt -- Climate -- Tributaries of the Indus River -- Surface Water Potential of Indus River -- Water Resources Development in Indus basin in India -- Water Resources Projects in Indus Basin -- Dams and Water Transfer in Indus Basin -- Water Resources Development in the Indus basin in Pakistan -- Flash Floods in the Indus River Basin -- Water Quality of the tributaries of Indus basin in Punjab -- 1-4020-5180-8_11_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Narmada Basin -- The Narmada Basin. , Major Tributaries and Sub-basins -- Climate in Narmada Basin -- Soils and Land Use -- Water Resources of Narmada Basin -- Water Quality -- Modeling Studies -- Major Water Resources Projects in Narmada Basin -- Floods, Waterlogging and Drainage -- The Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) -- 1-4020-5180-8_12_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Tapi, Sabarmati and Mahi Basins -- The Tapi Basin -- The Sabarmati Basin -- The Mahi Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_13_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Mahanadi, Subernarekha and BrahmaniBasins -- The Mahanadi Basin -- Subernarekha System -- The Brahmani Basin -- The Baitarani River Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_14_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Krishna and Godavari Basins -- The Krishna Basin -- The Godavari Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_15_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Cauvery and Pennar Basins -- The Cauvery Basin -- The Pennar Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_16_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Other Basins and Islands -- West Flowing River System -- West Flowing Rivers of Kachchh and Saurashtra including Luni and Inland Drainage -- West Flowing Rivers South of Tapi -- East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadiand Godavari -- East Flowing Rivers between Godavariand Krishna -- East Flowing Rivers between Krishnaand Pennar -- East Flowing Rivers between Pennarand Cauvery -- East Flowing Rivers South of Cauvery -- Rivers Draining into Bangladesh -- Hydrology and Water Resources of Islands -- Eminent water resources professionals who have made outstanding contributions in India -- part4.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_4_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Water Uses, Projects, Problems, and Governance -- Water Uses, Projects, Problems, and Governance -- 1-4020-5180-8_17_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Major Uses of Water in India -- The demand for water -- Water resources requirement -- Domestic Water Needs -- Irrigation -- Hydropower -- Industrial uses -- Re-cycling and Reuse of water -- Navigation and Other Uses -- Total Water Requirements. , Virtual Water Trade and Water Footprints of India -- 1-4020-5180-8_18_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Problems Related to Water Resources Management in India -- Causes of Water Related Problems in India -- Uneven Distribution of Water Availability -- Floods -- Droughts -- Excessive Groundwater Exploitation -- Drinking Water Problems -- Waterlogging -- Soil Salinity -- Problems in Construction of New Projects -- Climate change and its impact on water resources -- Hydrological Problems of Hard Rock Region -- Threat to Biodiversity and Wetlands -- 1-4020-5180-8_19_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Reservoirs and Lakes -- Need for Storage Reservoirs -- Dams in India -- Problems in Decision Making for Dams -- Reservoir Operation -- Hydrological Aspects of Dam Safety -- Reservoir Sedimentation -- Lakes -- Lakes of India -- Problems of Indian Lakes -- 1-4020-5180-8_20_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Water Quality and Related Aspects -- UN Millennium Development Goals -- Water Quality Requirement for Different Uses -- Sources of Pollution -- River Water Quality -- Ground Water Pollution -- Ground Water Quality -- Pollution in Coastal Areas -- Water related diseases -- Water Quality Monitoring -- Water Quality and Environmental Lawsin India -- Epilogue -- 1-4020-5180-8_21_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Constitutional Provisions, Inter-State Water Disputes and Treaties -- Constitutional Provisions Regarding Water -- River Boards Act -- Inter-State Water Disputes (ISWD) -- Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal -- Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal -- Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal -- Ravi and Beas Water Tribunal -- Cauvery Water Dispute -- Yamuna Water Dispute -- International Treaties -- Cooperation with Neighboring Countries for Joint Water Resources Projects -- 1-4020-5180-8_22_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- Introduction -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- Planning for IBWT Projects. , IBWT Projects in Other Countries -- Past Indian Experiences on Inter-basin Water Transfer -- Objectives of Inter-basin Transfers of Water -- National Perspective Plan -- Himalayan Rivers Development Component -- Peninsular Rivers Development Component -- Present Status of ILR -- Opposition to the ILR Scheme -- Conclusion -- 1-4020-5180-8_23_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Institutions in the Field of Hydrology and Water Resources -- Main organizations dealing with Water Resources in India -- Ministries involved in Water Sector -- Central Government Organizations and Undertakings -- River basin organizations -- State Government Organizations -- Academic organizations -- Professional Societies -- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) -- International organizations -- Research and development setup in water resources -- 1-4020-5180-8_24_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Concepts of Water Governance for India -- Hydrological Information System (HIS) -- Water Conservation -- Water Quality Improvement and Environment Restoration -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) -- Groundwater Management -- Watershed Management -- Impacts of Climate Change -- Water Pricing -- Public Involvement and Capacity Building -- Initiatives Needed in Water Sector in India -- Epilogue -- Hydrology and Water Resources of India -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- References -- Abbreviations -- Conversion Factors -- National Water Policy -- Need for a National Water Policy -- Information System -- Water Resources Planning -- Institutional Mechanism -- Water Allocation Priorities -- Project Planning -- Ground Water Development -- Drinking Water -- Irrigation -- Resettlement and Rehabilitation -- Financial and Physical Sustainability -- Participatory Approach to Water Resources Management -- Private Sector Participation -- Water Quality -- Water Zoning. , Conservation of Water.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Pollution -- 1 Socioeconomic Environment Assessment for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Types of Data Collected -- Tools of Data Collection -- Data Collection Analysis -- Personal Profile -- Age -- Sex -- Marital Status -- Literacy -- Occupation -- Assessment and Mitigation -- Impact Assessment -- Topography and Land Use -- Drainage -- Air Environment -- Water Environment -- Impacts of Ecology -- Impacts on Soil and Agriculture -- Land Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Research Need on Environmental Gains in Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relocation -- Protected Areas -- Classification of Protected Areas -- Need for Conservation of Biodiversity -- Need for Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Need for Study of Environmental Gains Due to CIR -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Environmental Issues Due to Fire in Coal Mines: Its Impact and Suggestions for Implementing Precautionary and Control Measures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Pollution -- Case Study -- Location -- Geology of the Seam -- Scientific Investigation -- Results and Discussion -- Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Redevelopment of Urban Slum Dwellings: Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background and Need of Study -- Housing Scenario in India -- Requirements to Achieve the Vision by 2022 -- Strategies for Increasing Supply of Affordable Housing -- Strategies for Optimum Use of Existing Land Resources by Encouraging Redevelopment -- Strategies for Improving Quality of Life, Overall Living Standards with Concern for Environment -- Strategies for Ease of Doing Business -- Objectives of the Study. , Methodology -- Study Area -- Current Project -- Flat Scheme for Slum Rehabilitation -- Detail of Money Contribution -- Sanctioned Cost of Single House Type A -- Pandharabodi Area -- Problems on Site During Construction -- Time Overrun -- Causes of Time Overrun -- Material Quality and Quantity -- Scarcity of Skilled Labour -- Problems During Operation -- Grouping of work -- Work Breakdown Structure for 75 Houses -- Limitation -- Conclusions and Findings -- References -- 5 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality in Green Buildings -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) -- Effect of Poor IEQ on Human Health -- Parameters of IEQ -- Building Characteristics -- Thermal Comfort -- Visual Comfort -- Acoustic Comfort -- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Meteorological Factors Influencing Dispersion of Vehicular Pollution in a Typical Highway Condition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Site Characteristics -- Traffic Characteristics -- CALINE 4 Model Description -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Results and Discussion -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Study of Air and Noise Pollution in Mega Cities of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Exposure on Health -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Pollution Indicators -- 8 A Critical Review on Air Quality Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective -- Air Quality Index (AQI) -- Definition -- Classification of Indices -- US EPA Air Quality Index -- The Mitre Air Quality Index (MAQI) -- Application of the MAQI -- Extreme Value Index (EVI) -- Application of the EVI -- Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) -- Application of the ORAQI -- Air Quality Depreciation Index -- Air Quality Index Worldwide -- Air Quality Index China. , Air Quality Index United States -- I maxi Ii -- Air Quality Index India -- NAAQS Dependent Air Quality Index -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Aquatic Insects as Pollution Indicator-A Study in Cachar, Assam, Northeast India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods of Collection and Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Aquatic Insects -- Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Different Regions Along Road Network, Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Variations of Traffic Composition -- Variations of Air Pollutant Concentration -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Spatial Distribution and Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Swell-Shrink Soils of Madhya Pradesh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Description of Study Area -- Collection of Soil Samples -- Chemical Analysis of Soils -- Soil pH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Oxidizable Organic Carbon -- Calcium Carbonate -- Total Heavy Metal Concentration -- Determination of Baseline Concentrations of Metals -- Results and Discussion -- Soil Characteristics -- Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals -- Baseline Concentrations of Heavy Metals -- Correlation Coefficient Between Heavy Metals and Soil Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Associative Study of Aerosol Pollution, Precipitation and Vegetation in Indian Region (2000-2013) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Datasets Used -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Fuzzy Logic Based Performance Evaluation of EIA Reports for Hydroelectric Projects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives and Scope -- Methodology. , Fuzzy Logic Based Expert Rule System -- Result and Discussion -- Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Dibbin Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Pauk Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Ting Ting Hydroelectric Project, Sikkim -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background of Nagpur City -- Noise Prediction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Evaluation of Traffic Noise -- Data Extraction -- Traffic Noise Modelling -- Reference Energy Mean Emission Level -- Volume and Speed Correction -- Distance Correction -- Results and Discussions -- Data Analysis -- Spectral Analysis of Junction and Highway Traffic -- Model Illustration -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Time-Dependent Study of Electromagnetic Field and Indoor Meteorological Parameters in Individual Working Environment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An EMF and Indoor Meteorological Parameters -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Working and Non-working Hours -- Contour -- Additional Measurements -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Fish Biodiversity and Its Periodic Reduction: A Case Study of River Narmada in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Site S1: Shahganj -- Site S2: Bandrabhan (Sangam) -- Site S3: Budhni Ghat -- Site S4: Moukala -- Site S5: Holipur -- Fish Collection and Identification -- Result. , Present Scenario of Fish Diversity of River Narmada at Hoshangabad -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fresh Water Ecosystem-A Case Study of Kappithodu in Kerala -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Degradation of Heptachlor by High-Carbon Iron Filings (HCIF) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Generation of Pollution -- 19 Biomedical Waste Generation and Management in Public Sector Hospital in Shimla City -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Management of Biomedical Waste -- Methodology -- Observation -- Questionnaire Session -- Management and Implementation at Public Sector Hospital -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Fuel Loss and Related Emissions Due to Idling of Motorized Vehicles at a Major Intersection in Delhi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Fuel Consumption Measurement -- Emission Estimation Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Emission Inventorisation and Modelling of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrol Distribution Centres in an Urban Area -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Site -- Data Collection -- Emission Load Estimation -- Air Quality Dispersion Modelling -- Results and Discussion -- NMVOCs Emission Load -- NMVOCs Concentrations Prediction -- Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues from a Thermal Power Station of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Selection of Thermal Power Station -- Geographical Location and Study Area Details. , Ash Pond and Ash Handling System.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Wastewater Treatment -- 1 Investigation on the Treatment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Wastewater and Its Safe Use in Agriculture-A Green Technology Concept -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Preparation of Biocarbon -- Collection and Analysis Grey Water -- Treatment of Grey Water: Biosorption Process -- Evaluation of Capacity of Biocarbon -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Biocarbon (BC) -- Surface Analysis -- Characteristics of Grey Water and Treated Water -- Effect of Biocarbon Dose on Heavy Metals Removal -- Removal of Colour from a Grey Water -- Water Reuse in Agriculture Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Arsenic-Free Drinking Water Supply, Disposal of Backwash Water and Exhausted Media in Bihar, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Arsenic Pollution in Bihar -- Mitigation Techniques Adopted -- Probable Waste Disposal Strategies -- Status of Waste Disposal in Bihar -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Simultaneous Removal of Arsenic and Nitrate in Anaerobic Batch Reactors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Setup -- Inoculum and Starting up -- Analytical Methods -- Results -- Nitrate and Arsenic Removal -- Characterization of Precipitates -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Oxyanions Removal by Biological Processes: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Occurrence and Sources of Oxyanions -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Conventional Treatment Strategies for Oxyanions -- Overview of Biological Oxyanion Removal -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Factors Affecting Oxyanion Removal -- Temperature -- PH. , Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) -- COD/Oxyanion Ratio -- COD/Sulfate -- COD/Nitrate -- COD/Perchlorate -- Simultaneous Removal of Multiple Oxyanion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Factors Influencing Electrocoagulation Treatment of UASB Reactor Effluent -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental -- Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Model Development and Validation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Performance Evaluation of Filters for Sedimentation Particle Filtration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Particle Size Distribution -- Particles Filtration Efficiency -- Results -- Particle Size Distribution -- Different Particle Sizes -- Particle Volume Distribution -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Magnetic Extracellular Polymer Composite for the Effective Removal of Microcystin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Chemical and Reagent -- Screening and Culturing of Polymer-Producing Microorganisms -- Preparation of Magnetic-Induced ECP -- Removal of Microcystin-LR -- Results and Discussion -- Characterization of Matrices -- Separation of Microcystin-LR by ECP-Fe2O3 -- Characterization of MC-LR -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Bioremediation of Chromium Complex Dye by Growing Aspergillus flavus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Bioremediation Study in Batch Mode -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Response Surface Optimization -- Combined Effect of Different Parameters on Color Removal -- Confirmatory Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Biosorption as a Novel Approach for Removing Aluminium from Water Treatment Plant Residual-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Biosorption as a Promising Alternative -- Aluminium Removal Through Biosorption -- Conclusion -- References. , 10 Catalytic Oxidation of Sulphide Laden Tannery Wastewater Without Sludge Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problems Associated with Presence of Sulphide in Effluent -- Treatment of Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Materials and Methods -- Source and Collection of Lime Sulphide Liquor and Methods -- Materials -- Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon (NPAC) -- Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Wastewater -- Treatment Methods for Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of NPAC -- Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) -- Optimization of pH -- Optimization of H2O2 -- Optimization of NPAC (Nanoporous Activated Carbon) -- Overall Processes -- Instrumental Analyses -- Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV-Visible Spectroscopic Studies -- FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Textile Industry by Electrocoagulation and Fenton Oxidation: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dyes -- Classification of Dyes -- Classification Based on the Source of Materials -- Classification Based on Industrial Use of the Dyes -- Usage of Various Dyes in Textile Industries -- Dyeing Wastewater from Textile Industry -- Electrocoagulation -- Mechanism of Electrocoagulation -- Application of Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Fenton Oxidation Process (H2O2/Fe2+) -- Application of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Methods in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollutants on Partially Saturated Soil Media in Batch System: Morphological Analysis Using SEM Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Kitchen Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland Microcosm Using Aquatic Macrophytes -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Experimental Plants -- Experimental Set-up for Greywater Treatment -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Greywater Quality in FWS Microcosm -- Greywater Quality in VSF Microcosm -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Analytical Methods -- Characterization of Vegetable Tannin Wastewater -- Aerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Analysis -- Results -- Characterization of Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater -- Aerobic Treatment of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- FTIR Analysis of VTW Before and After Aerobic Treatment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Biodegradability of Syntans Using Ozonation as a Pretreatment Process -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Ozonation Studies -- Experiment Setup for Biodegradation of Syntans Under Aerobic Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater-Sulfone and Phenol Based -- Ozonation Studies -- Optimization of Contact Time for Phenol-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Optimization of Contact Time for Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Assessment of Biological Treatment of Phenol- and Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater Before and After Ozonation -- Assessment of Biodegradability Before and After Ozonation of Sulfone-Based Syntan -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Treatment of Synthetic Petroleum Refinery Wastewater in Anoxic Reactors at Varied Feed Phenol -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Materials. , Chemicals and Reagents -- Biomass Support Material -- Experimental Methodologies -- Seed Sludge -- Synthetic Feed -- Acclimatization of the Anoxic Reactors -- Reactor Operations with Varying Phenol -- Kinetics Study -- Analytical Methods -- Microscopic Images -- Results and Discussion -- Steady-State Performance of the Anoxic Reactors During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Removal Kinetics of Phenol, Sulphide, Nitrate, Organic COD During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Fluoride Pollution Abatement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Fluoride -- Effects of Fluoride -- Effects on Humans -- Effects on Teeth -- Skeletal Effects -- Cancer -- Status of Fluoride Contamination Around the Globe -- The World Scenario -- Indian Scenario -- Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal -- Water Supply Scheme by PHED, West Bengal -- Objective of the Study -- Remedial Material -- Alumina and Aluminum -- Activated Alumina -- Various Removal Methods of Fluoride -- Alternate Water Sources -- Better Nutrition -- De-fluoridation of Water -- Adsorption -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Ion Exchange -- Limitations -- Coagulation-Precipitation -- Advantages -- Limitations -- A Special Case of Co-precipitation is Nalgonda Technique Which is Briefly Described Below -- Nalgonda Technique -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Membrane Process -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Electro-Coagulation Process -- An Experimental Data Collection From Some Fluoride-Affected Area of Birbhum -- Background -- The Study Area -- Primary Data Collection -- Methodology -- Aim -- Methodology -- Sample Preparation and Collection -- Measurement of Fluoride -- De-fluoridation -- Mechanism -- Apparatus Required -- Solution Required -- Development of De-fluoridation Filtration Unit -- Preparation of the Filter Bed. , Details of the Process Are Described Below.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Groundwater -- 1 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Jaisamand Basin of Udaipur District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of Study Area -- Data acquisition -- Software Used -- Determination of Aquifer Parameters by Pumping Test -- Analyzing Pumping Test Data by Curve-matching Technique -- Groundwater Potential Assessment by Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Selection of Thematic Layers -- Generation of Thematic Layers -- Groundwater Recharge Map -- Transmissivity Map -- Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones -- Suitable Strategies for Sustainable Groundwater Resources Management -- Results and Discussion -- Aquifer Parameters -- Estimation of Aquifer Parameters -- Groundwater Recharge -- Features of Different Thematic Maps -- Groundwater Potential Zoning -- Weights for thematic maps -- Groundwater Potential Zones -- Groundwater Resources Management -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Groundwater Level: A Case Study of Wainganga Sub-basin, Nagpur, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Ordinary Kriging -- Results and Discussion -- Temporal Analysis -- Spatial Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Spatio-Temporal Variation and Trend Analysis of Groundwater Level in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Spatiotemporal Relationship Linking Land Use/Land Cover with Groundwater Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data -- Methodology -- Base Map Creation -- Groundwater Level Kriging -- Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) Classification -- Grid Generation. , Overlay Analysis -- Results -- Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Level -- LU/LC Classification -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Groundwater System Modelling and Sensitivity of Groundwater Level Prediction in Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plains -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Groundwater System Simulation -- Study Area -- Geology of Study Area -- MODFLOW Model Design and Software -- Model Calibration and Validation -- Steady-State Calibration -- Transient State Calibration -- Model Validation -- Results and Discussion -- Groundwater Level Prediction -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model Coupling with Hydrochemical Parameters in Hard Rock Area from Southern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Data Collection -- DRASTIC Model -- Results and Discussion -- DRASTIC Model Parameters -- Depth to Groundwater Table -- Recharge -- Aquifer Yields -- Soil Media -- Topography -- Impact of Vadose Zone -- Conductivity -- Vulnerable Map Using the DRASTIC Model -- Validation Aquifer Vulnerability -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Recharge -- 7 Development of Groundwater Recharge Plan for Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh Using GIS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Paleochannel Recharge Sources in the Central Godavari Delta, A.P., India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Irrigation Canal Network -- Hydrogeology -- Identified Paleochannel -- Sampling and Analysis -- Stable Isotope Characterization -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Change of Land Use/Land Cover on Groundwater Recharge in Malaprabha Catchment, Belagavi, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Study Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Rainfall Analysis -- Infiltration and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity -- Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Empirical Methods -- Modelling -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Quality -- 10 Causes and Sources of Groundwater Pollution: A Case Study of Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Modeling Leachate Migration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Experimental Study -- Leachate Quality Analysis -- Soil Column Test to Determine the Parameters -- Analytical Model -- Assumptions -- Initial Conditions -- Boundary Conditions -- Numerical Model -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Identification of Hydrogeochemical Process in Hard Rock Terrain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Geology of the Study Area -- Sample Collection -- Analytical Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Hydrogeochemical Process -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Major Ion Chemistry -- Water Quality Assessment -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Cations -- Anions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Spatial and Temporal Nitrate Transport in Deep Heterogeneous Vadose Zone of India's Alluvial Plain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Governing Equations for Flow -- Governing Equations for Solute Transport -- Model Domain and Boundary Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Riverbank Filtration as a Sustainable Solution for Drinking Water Quality and Quantity Problems in Haridwar, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area Description -- Hydrogeological Settings -- Materials and Method -- Water Sampling and Detailed Methodology. , Water Quality Analysis of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters -- Results of Water Quality Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 A Study of the Characteristics of Groundwater Solute Transport Parameters -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Present Study and Objectives -- Mathematical Background -- Case Studies -- Injection/Pumping Well Problem -- 3-D Waste Dump Problem -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Prioritization for Management of Groundwater Quality-Related Problems of Rajsamand District of Rajasthan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Location -- Geomorphology and Drainage -- Rainfall and Climate -- Soil, Land Use and Irrigation Practices -- Physiography and Geology -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Groundwater Samples -- Results -- Well Depth -- Water Level -- Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) -- PH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Cationic Composition -- Anionic Composition -- Classification of Groundwater for Irrigation Suitability -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Effect of Biochar Amendment on Nitrate Leaching in Two Soil Types of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Details -- Preparation of Soil Columns -- Biochar Amendment -- Soil Columns Incubation and Leaching -- Results and Discussion -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Vertisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Vertisol -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in and Around Laharpur Reservoir, Bhopal -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Frequency -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion. , References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environment: Hydrologic Impacts -- 1 Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material Used for Construction of Pavements -- Plastic Cell -- Cement -- Soil and Moorum -- Crushed Aggregate for Surface Layer -- Crushed Aggregate for WBM Subbase -- Soil-Cement Mix for Subbase Layer -- Mix Composition and Strength of Cement Concrete -- Roller Compacted Concrete -- Construction of Test Sections -- Preparation of Subgrade -- Construction of Subbase -- Construction of Surface Layer -- Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Using Falling Weight Deflectometer -- Using Benkelman Beam -- Comparison of Deflections Measured Using Benkelman Beam Method and FWD -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Global Warming Issues-Need for Sustainable Drainage System in Urban Areas-Green Construction Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indian Climate and Monsoon -- Reasons of Global Warming -- Literature Review -- Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement -- Permeable Asphalt -- Permeable Concrete -- Concrete for Sustainable Development -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Bio-environment -- 3 Water Hyacinth: A Useful Plant to Improve Rural Economy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Control and Its Applications -- Practical Utilization of Water Hyacinth -- References -- 4 Growth, Biomass and Carbon Sequestration by Trees in Nutrient-Deficient Bhata Land Soil of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Growth and Biomass of Different Tree Species -- CO2 Sequestration of Different Tree Species -- Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Tree Species -- Conclusion -- References. , 5 Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth of Different Bacterial Species -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Performance of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell Using Earthenware Separator -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Operating Principle of MFC -- Methodology -- MFC Construction -- MFC Operation -- Preparation of Earthenware Separator -- Analysis and Calculation -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Characterization of Separator -- EDS Analysis -- Power Production in MFC -- Coulombic Efficiency -- Polarization Study and Internal Resistance -- Wastewater Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Chemical Environment -- 7 Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Materials -- Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles -- Characterization Techniques -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Superiority of Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Over Existing Reactor Arrangements for Chemical Looping Combustion-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) -- CLC Requirements -- Existing Reactor Configuration for CLC -- Issues Related to the Existing Interconnected Reactors Arrangement -- Bed Particle Attrition -- Loop-Seal Operation -- Heat Losses -- Cluster Formation -- Gas Bypassing -- Short Residence Time -- Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Design for CLC -- Working -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Enhancing N Use Efficiency and Reducing N2O Emission by Coating Urea with Newly Identified Bio-Molecule (C20H30O2), Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Protocol for the Preparation of Nano-ZnO and Nano-rock Phosphate Coated Urea. , Pot Culture Experiment on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Experimental Details and Measurement of N2O Emission -- Statistical Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Nutrient Content of Coated Fertilizers -- Impact of Urea Coated with Pine Oleoresin, Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Trends in N2O Emission During Incubation Period -- Cumulative Emission of N2O from Coated Fertilizers -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Gamma Radiation Technology for Hygienization of Municipal Dry Sewage Sludge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Environment: Social Environment -- 11 Participatory Approach for Corporate Social Responsibility Plan in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Socio-economic Baseline Data for CSR Plan -- Participatory Survey -- Participatory Approach -- Team Building -- Other Impacts -- Steps in Conducting CSR -- CSR Methods and Tools -- Examples of Questions to Be Addressed in CSR Planning -- Sources of Information -- The CSR Plan Requires Both Primary and Secondary Data -- Data Collection Methods for Preparing CSR Plan -- Qualitative Methods -- Quantitative Methods -- Reference -- Energy: Solar Energy -- 12 Solar-Powered Cold Storage System for Horticultural Crops -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Solar PV Powered Refrigeration System -- Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Panel System -- Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) -- Battery Bank -- Sensor for Temperature and RH Controller in Cold Storage -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Feasibility of Solar Pumps for Salt Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Process of Salt Production -- Highlights of Yearly Cycle -- Components Involved in the System -- Operation of Solar Water Pumping System. , Net Present Value for Solar Versus Diesel -- Features for Safe Future -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Energy: Hydropower -- 14 Development of Uttarakhand Using Alternative Energy Source as Micro Hydropower -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective of the Study -- Study Area -- Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Problems Faced by the Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Kotabagh Micro Hydro Power Project Description and Its Problems -- Results and Conclusion -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Selected References -- 15 Comparative Studies on Performance of Commercially Available High-Power PC-LED Bulbs Under Tropical Conditions -- Abstract -- Introduction to Solid State Lighting -- Standard Research Methodology "Useful Life" of High-Power PC-LED -- Proposed Experimental Setup and Methodology -- Lumen Depreciation Measurement -- Ambient and Body Temperature of High-Power PC-LED -- Results Obtained -- Outcome and Further Research work -- References -- 16 Design and Development of Pedal Operated Flour Mill with Multi-Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Energy: Biogas -- 17 Development of Family Size FRP Biogas Plant Based on Kitchen Waste -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 A Computer-Based Expert System to Design Deenbandhu Biogas Plant -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Procedure -- Data Collection -- Assumptions for Model -- Validation and Evaluation of Expert System -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Prosopis juliflora-A Potential Problematic Weed for Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods. , Results and Discussion -- Composition of Biomass -- Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment -- Selection of Optimal Pretreatment Conditions -- Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- Fermentation Profile of Enzymatic Hydrolysate -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Oil Extraction, Biodiesel Production and CI Engine Investigation Using Madhuca indica Methyl Ester -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oil Extraction Process -- Biodiesel Production -- Cloth Filtering -- Caustic Pre-treatment -- Acid Pre-treatment -- Transesterification Process -- Comparison of Properties of Diesel and Biodiesel -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 21 Design and Development of Producer Gas-Based Heat Exchanger for Drying Application -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Performance Evaluation of Updraft Gasifier -- Development of Single Pass Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Design Parameters of Updraft Biomass Gasifier and Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Fuel Consumption Rate on Producer Gas Composition and Calorific Value for Various Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate, and Gas Flow Rate on Air Outlet Temperature of Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate on LMTD, Heat Transfer Area, and Heat Exchanger Effectiveness Using Different Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate and Fuel Consumption Rate on Dryer Inlet Hot Air Temperature Using Different Biomass -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 Carbon Storage Potential in Dominant Trees of Koraput District of Odisha -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Sampling and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) -- Above Ground Carbon (AGC). , Conclusions.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Reduction of GHGs in Buildings-Indian Affordable Houses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussions and Future Work -- References -- Modern Techniques for Earthquake Resistant Buildings: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Fluid Viscous Dampers -- 2.2 Base Isolators -- 2.3 Elastomeric Polymer Bearings -- 2.4 Dampers -- 2.5 Self-righting and Aluminum Shear Links -- 2.6 Composite Materials -- 2.7 Moment Resisting Connections -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Review of Modern Techniques and Automation in the Construction Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Conventional Methods Used in Construction -- 2.2 Modern Construction Methods -- 3 Automation in Construction Sector -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID 19 and Urban Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Analysis of Future Urban Areas -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Future Work -- References -- A Case Study on Flyover in Urban Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives and Methodology -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Planning for Pedestrian-Friendly Cities -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Problem Statement and Study Objectives -- 1.2 Research Objectives and Expected Goal -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Most Advanced Pedestrian-Friendly Cities in Different Continents -- 2.2 Based on Terrain -- 2.3 Based on Regions -- 2.4 Based Upon Psychological Factors -- 3 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4 Proposed Suggestions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Spatiotemporal Variation in Surface Velocity of Glaciers, Namely, Mount Kolahoi in the Lidder Basin Between 2016 and 2019 Using Landsat 8 Imagery -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Methodology. , 5 Glacier Velocity Estimation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 3D Reconstruction of Heritage Site Using Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (Tls): A Case Study of a Section of Gulistan-E-Iram, Lucknow -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principal of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) -- 3 Components of Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (TLS) -- 4 Architecture Inspection -- 5 Study Area -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Result of the Study -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Efficient Bus Transport System, Case Study of Dehradun -- 1 Background -- 2 Literature Study -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Pre-fieldwork -- 3.2 Fieldwork -- 3.3 Post-fieldwork -- 4 Road Characteristics -- 4.1 Road Network -- 4.2 Vehicular Growth -- 5 Current Posture of Public Transport -- 5.1 Condition of Public Transport in Dehradun -- 5.2 Existing Bus Transport Network -- 5.3 Existing Vikram Routes -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Recommendation -- References -- Snow Cover Mapping Over the Region of Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) for 2008-2018 Using Cloud Mitigated Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Data -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Datasets Used -- 3.1 MODIS Snow Cover Data Products -- 3.2 Landsat Data Products -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Methods for Vehicle Detection Using Roadside Sensors in Complex Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Importance of Vehicle Count in Traffic Engineering -- 2.2 Intrusive and Non-intrusive Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Model-Based Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Biological Nutrient Removal Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 WWTP -- 2.2 Mathematical Model -- 2.3 Activated Sludge Model-1 -- 2.4 Activated Sludge Model -2 -- 2.5 Activated Sludge Model-3 -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Qualitative and Comparative Assessment of Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents in Selaqui Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Studies on Characterization of Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents -- 2.2 Past Studies in Pharma City, Selaqui -- 2.3 Study Area -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 PH -- 3.2 Conductivity -- 3.3 COD -- 3.4 BOD -- 4 Compliance Check with CPCB Standards -- 5 Comparative Study -- 5.1 Effluent Comparison -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- FPGA Implementation of Area-Efficient Binary Counter Using Xilinx IP Cores -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Work -- 4 Comparison of Proposed and Existing Work -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Impact of Non-standardized Trucks on Vehicle Fill Rate (VFR) and Cost in Indian FMCG Sector: A Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Case Description -- 3.2 Case Selection -- 3.3 Data Gathering -- 3.4 Data Analysis -- 4 Variability and Impact Analysis (In Terms of Vfr and Cost) -- 4.1 CASE 1: Study of Minimum Variation in Vehicle Dimension for a Similar Type of Truck and Its Effect on Vehicle Fill Rate (VFR) and Variable Distribution Cost Vehicle Direct Cost (VDC) -- 4.2 CASE 2: Study of Minimum Variation Loading Capacity for a Similar Type of Truck and Its Effect on Variable Distribution Cost  (VDC) -- 4.3 Discussion -- 5 Impact of Variabilty of Truck Size and Truck Carrying Capacity on Decision-Making -- 6 Real-Life Implication -- 7 Limitation and Scope of Further Research -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- A Characteristic Study on the Factors Influencing Dust Explosion in Different Industrial Sectors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Conducted to Understand the Dust Movement -- 3 Combustible Property of Textile Dust -- 3.1 Case Study 1 -- 3.2 Case Study 2 -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Piezoelectric Materials for Sustainable Energy and Fitness Monitoring of Civil Structures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Technology Development -- 1.2 Piezoelectric Ceramics -- 1.3 Piezoelectric Constant -- 2 Experiment -- 2.1 Electromechanical Properties -- 2.2 Fabrication Technique -- 2.3 Building Fitness Monitoring -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Study on Effectiveness of Parkinsonia Aculeate for Water Treatment: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Turbid Water Purification Using Parkinsonia Seeds [9] -- 3 Water Purification Using Purified Proteins [10] -- 4 Test for the Purification on Large Scale [13] -- 5 Comparison of Coagulating Properties of Crude Seed Extracts and Eluted Proteins [12] -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Floating Green Buildings and Towns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Floating Cities and Residential Plots Overview -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Discussion and Future Scope of Work -- References -- Integrating Vastu Shastra for Green and Energy Efficient Building Under Byelaws -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analysis of Development Control and Promotion Regulations for Regional Plans in Maharashtra -- 3 Identification of Deficiencies and Gap Analysis -- 3.1 Part 2-General Planning and Building Requirements -- 3.2 Part 3-General Guidelines for Residential Land-Use -- 3.3 Part3-General Guidelines for Commercial Complexes -- 3.4 Part 4-Guidelines for the Construction of Spiritual Places -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Efficient Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Dehradun City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Data Collection and Processing -- 3.1 Existing Situation Analysis -- 4 Result and Conclusion -- 5 Recommendation -- References -- A Study on Alternative Strategies for Public Transportation in Dehradun City -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Objectives -- 1.2 Methodology -- 2 Literature Review. , 3 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3.1 Boarding and Alighting Data Collected on Field -- 4 Results and Discussion-Alternate Strategies -- 4.1 Bus Transportation Completely Operated By Government -- 4.2 Both Transit and Paratransit Help the City to Turn Out Into a Smart City -- 4.3 Both Bus Transit and Paratransit Serve the City of Dehradun Simultaneously Under the Government Supervision -- 4.4 Privatisation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainability Assessment Need for Construction Phase in Construction Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Construction  Site & -- Pollution -- 3 Construction Site Sustainability -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Suitable Urban Land Development Model for Uttarakhand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Land Acquisition -- 2.2 Land Pooling -- 2.3 Town Planning Schemes (TPS) -- 2.4 Transferable Development Rights (TDR) -- 2.5 Accommodation and Reservation Principle -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Assessment of Urban Land Development Mechanism in Different States of India -- 4.1 Maharashtra -- 4.2 Gujarat -- 4.3 Delhi -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- 6 Recommended Framework -- 6.1 Land Pooling -- 6.2 TPS Mechanism -- 6.3 Transferrable Development Rights and Accommodation Reservation -- References -- Evacuation Methods During Fire in High-Rise Buildings: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Limitations -- 5 Outline -- 6 Behavioral Problems Regarding the Building Using -- 6.1 Office Building -- 6.2 Residential Building -- 6.3 Health Care Building -- 6.4 Egress Components -- 6.5 Stairs -- 6.6 Elevators -- 6.7 Sky Bridges -- 6.8 Refugee Floor -- 6.9 Egress Methods -- 7 Conclusion -- References.