Note: Ocean Forecasting Conceptual Basis and Applications -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Strategic Planning for Operational Oceanography -- 2 Satellite Oceanography for Ocean Forecasting -- 3 A Marine Information System for Ocean Predictions -- 4 A Generalization of a Sigma Coordinate Ocean Model and an Intercomparison of Model Vertical Grids -- 5 Atmospheric Data Assimilation and Quality Control -- 6 Sequential Data Assimilation for Nonlinear Dynamics: The Ensemble Kalman Filter -- 7 Assimilation of Satellite Altimetry in Ocean Models -- 8 Ensembles, Forecasts and Predictability -- 9 On North Atlantic Intedecadal Variability: A Stochastic View -- 10 Strategy for Regional Seasonal Forecasts -- 11 Rapid Assessment of the Coastal Ocean Environment -- 12 Forecasting of Sea-level, Currents and Sea Ice in the Baltic Sea -- 13 Predictions in the North Sea -- 14 Forecasting Wind-driven Ocean Waves -- 15 A Multivariate Reduced-order Optimal Interpolation Method and its Application to the Mediterranean Basin-scale Circulation -- 16 ENSO Predictions with Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Models -- 17 Toward Marine Environmental Predictions in the Mediterranean Sea Coastal Areas: A Monitoring Approach -- 18 Primitive Equation Modelling of Plankton Ecosystems -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Philosophy of Chemistry -- Copyright -- General Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Part 1: Introduction -- Introduction -- 1 What is the Philosophy of Chemistry? -- 2 History of the Philosophy of chemistry -- 3 Chemical Substances -- 4 Central Concepts and Methodology -- 5 Chemistry, Physics and Other Disciplines -- 6 The Future of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Part 2: History of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Prehistory of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- 1 Preliminary Remarks -- 2 The Heritage of Kant -- 3 Hegel, Schelling, Peirce -- 4 Whewell, Mill, Broad -- 5 Ostwald, Cassirer, Paneth -- 6 French Philosophy of Chemistry -- 7 Neglect of Chemistry in English-Language Philosophy of Science -- 8 Philosophy of Chemistry in Eastern Europe -- 9 Resonance and Politics -- 10 Birth of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Robert Boyle (1627-1691) -- Bibliography -- Joseph Priestly (1733-1804) -- Bibliography -- Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Chemical Work -- 3 Philosophical Issues -- Bibliography -- John Dalton (1766-1844) -- Bibliography -- Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biography -- 3 Research Topics -- 4 Philosophical Views -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Thermodynamics -- 3 Physical Chemistry -- 4 Philosophy -- Bibliography -- Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Intellectual Odyssey -- 3 Energetic Theory -- 4 Energetic Chemistry -- 5 Energy And Matter -- Bibliography -- PIERRE DUHEM (1861-1916) -- 1 Bibliographical Sketch -- 2 The Place of Chemistry in Duhem's Interests -- 3 Chemical Formulas -- 4 Duhem's Critique of Chemical Atomism -- 5 Ancient Views of Mixture -- 6 Final Comments -- Bibliography -- FrantiˇSek Wald (1861-1930) -- Phenomenalist Chemistry -- Acknowledgement. , Bibliography -- G. N. Lewis (1875-1946) -- Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962) -- 1 Chemistry as a Model for a New Epistemology -- 2 Chemistry: An Anti-Model Science -- 3 Chemistry: A Science of Harmony -- 4 Chemistry: A Science of Effects -- 5 Chemistry: A Phenomenotechnique -- ideal of rationalism, as a kind of ethical engagement. -- Bibliography -- LINUS PAULING (1901-1994) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Philosophical Views -- Bibliography. -- Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) -- Acknowledgement -- Bibliography -- Charles Coulson (1910-1974) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Philosophical Views -- Bibliography -- Part 3: Chemical Substances -- Ancient Theories of Chemical Substance -- 1 Early Pluralist Theories -- 2 Plato's Speculative Suggestions -- 3 Aristotle's Theory of Mixis -- 4 Later Atomism's More Dynamic Theory -- 5 The Stoic Alternative -- 6 Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Substances: The Ontology of Chemistry -- 1 Terminological Preliminaries -- 2 Phenomenology of Everyday Stuff (and Things) -- 3 High-Entropy Bulk Glassy Metals and Other Mixts -- 4 Protochemistry -- 5 Stuff Perspective -- 6 Natural Kinds -- 7 Molar Definition of "Pure Substance -- 8 Polymorphs -- 9 The Phase Rule -- 10 Phase and Substance Properties -- 11 Metastable and Other Esoteric Phases -- 12 Non-Stoichiometric Compounds -- 13 Inclusion Complexes and Addition Compounds -- 14 Atomic Number -- 15 Isotopes (Nuclear Isomers) -- 16 Monomers and Polymers -- 17 Identification of (Submicroscopic) Chemical Species -- 18 Enantiomers and Racemates -- 19 Tautomers and Other Fleeting Species -- 20 One set of Nuclei and Electrons -- 21 Concluding Remarks -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Modality, Mereology and Substance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mereology -- 3 The Interpretation of Quantified Modal Logic -- 4 Natural Kinds -- 5 Substance Properties as Mass Predicates -- 6 Intensive and Homogeneous Predicates -- 7 Modality. , 8 Final Word on the Elements -- Bibliography -- Elements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Development -- 3 Paneth on the Elements -- 4 Philosophical Issues -- Bibliography -- COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Aristotelian Conception of Mixture -- 3 The Stoic Theory of Mixt -- 4 Freeing Substance from Phase -- 5 The Law of Definite Proportions and the Problem of Chemical Combination -- 6 Thermodynamics and the Phase Rule -- 7 Questioning the Law of Definite Proportions: Berthollides -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part 4: Chemical Concepts and Methods -- The Chemical Bond -- 1 Chemical Structure Theory -- 2 The Electron and the Chemical Bond -- 3 Quantum Mechanics and the Chemical Bond -- 4 Two Conceptions of the Chemical Bond -- Bibliography -- Mechanisms and Chemical Reaction -- 1 Introduction. -- 2 What is a Mechanism in Organic Chemistry? -- 3 Establishing a Mechanism: The Bromonation of Alkenes -- 4 Using Mechanisms in Total Synthesis -- 5 Mechanisms in Philosophy and Chemistry -- Bibliography -- The Periodic Table -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief History -- 3 Forms of the Periodic Table -- 4 Developments in Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Laws in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Grammar of Statements of Natural Laws -- 3 Refinements and Qualifications -- 4 Chemical Taxonomies -- 5 A common Feature? -- 6 The Status of Equations Describing Reactions -- 7 Which Concept of Causation is Exemplified in Chemical Discourse? -- 8 Falsification Protection -- 9 The Deducibility of Counterfactuals -- Bibliography -- Chemical Modeling -- 1 Physical Modeling in Chemistry -- 2 Mathematical Modeling in Chemistry -- 3 Putting Chemical Models to Work -- Bibliography -- Part 5: Chemistry and Physics -- Reduction, Emergence and Physicalism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry and Classical Reduction -- 3 Chemistry in a Physical World. , 4 Physicalism -- 5 The Completeness of Physics -- Bibliography -- Atoms and Molecules in Classical Chemistry and Quantum Mechanics -- 1 The Evolution of Classical Molecular Structure -- 2 Atomic and Molecular Structure, and Valence Bonds -- 3 The Molecule in Quantum Mechanics -- Bibliography -- Concept Amalgamation and Representation in Quantum Chemistry -- Introduction -- Stage Setting -- The Schr¨Odinger Equation -- The Heitler-London Calculation -- The Valence Bond Approach -- The Molecular Orbital Approach -- Comparison of VB and MO Approaches -- Abstracting the Qualitative from the Quantitative -- A NEW METHOD: CONFIGURATION INTERACTION -- The Dark Age and Beyond: Further Development of Quantum Chemistry -- From Equations to Pictures -- Bridging the Gap -- Representing Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Thermodynamics in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure of Thermodynamics -- 3 Practice of Thermodynamics -- 4 The Phase Rule -- 5 Statistical Thermodynamics -- 6 Possible Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Bibliography -- Entropy in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Clausius on Entropy -- 3 Gibbs on Entropy -- 4 Planck on Entropy -- 5 The Neglect of Entropy -- 6 Changing Times -- Bibliography -- Part 6: Chemistry and Other Disciplines -- Explanatory Relationships Between Chemical and Biological Sciences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Specific form of Chemistry -- 3 Chemical Explanations of Biological Phenomena -- 4 The Explanation of the Formation of Life -- Bibliography -- Chemistry and Pharmacy: A Philosophical Inquiry Into an Evolving Relationship -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Philosophy of Pharmacy -- 3 'Targets' and the Promise of Rational Drug Design -- 4 Screening: Creating Chemical Possibilities the Old-Fashioned Way -- 5 Chemical Tweaking as Empirical Drug Design - Variation on a Theme -- 6 The Paradox of the Pharmakon. , 7 Historical Perspectives on the Relationship Between Chemistry and Pharmacy -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chemical Engineering Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unit Operations and Transport Phenomena -- 3 Similarity Considerations and Dimensionless Numbers -- 4 Dimensional Analysis in Chemical Engineering -- 5 Fundamental Presuppositions of Dimensional Analysis -- 6 Ceteris Paribus Assumptions -- 7 Geometric Models of Heterogeneous Multiphase Systems -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: FrontCover -- Philosophy of Economics -- Copyright -- Dedication -- General Preface -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part A : General Philosophical Themes -- Realism and Antirealism about Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scientific Realism in Conventional Philosophy of Science -- 3 Ingredients of a Minimal Scientific Realism -- 4 Commonsensibles and Their Modifications in Economic Modelling -- 5 Social Construction (What?) of What? -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- The Rise and Fall of Popper and Lakatos in Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Engagements with Popper -- 3 Lakatos and The Emergence of Economic Methodology -- 4 The Movement From Popper and Lakatos -- 5 Appraising Economic Theories -- 6 Methodology After Lakatos -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Models and Modelling in Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nature of Economic Models -- 3 Working with Models -- 4 Conclusions: From Models to Modelling -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Economic Theory and Causal Inference -- 1 Reductionist and Structuralist Accounts of Causality -- 2 Structual Estimation and Causality -- 3 The Assault on Macroeconometric Models -- 4 Inferring Causes from Interventions -- 5 Graph-Theoretic Accounts of Causal Structure -- 6 A Synthetic Program for Uncovering the Causal Structure of Vars -- Bibliography -- Naturalism and The Nature of Economic Evidence -- 1 Naturalism and Evidence -- 2 Nonexperimental Evidence -- 3 Experimental Evidence -- 4 Evidence and Unrealistic Causal Models -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Some Issues Concerning The Nature of Economic Explanation -- 1 Some Controversies About Explanation -- 2 Formal Criteria For Explanation in Economics -- 3 Theoretical Entities and Explanation -- 4 When Do Models Explain? -- 5 Macro and Microexplanation -- 6 Functional Explanation and Evolutionary Economics. , 7 The Nature of Economic Causes -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- The Unreasonable Efficacy of Mathematics in Modern Economics -- 1 The Classical Arguments -- 2 The Role and Functions of Mathematics in Neoclassical Economics -- 3 Post-1980 Developments in Alternative Possibilities for Mathematical Formalization in Economics -- 4 A Revival of Philosophy of Mathematics for Economics? -- Bibliography -- Feminist Philosophy of Economics -- Introduction -- What Makes an Economic Inquiry Feminist? -- Is Rational Choice Theory Androcentric? -- Values and Objectivity in Economics -- "Critical Realism:" A Contested View in Feminist Philosophy of Economics -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- The Positive-Normative Dichotomy and Economics -- 1 Introduction to The Positive-Normative Dichotomy -- 2 The History of The Positive-Normative Dichotomy in Economics -- 3 Normative and Ethically Normative -- 4 The Entanglement of Positive and (Ethically) Normative -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Economic Theory, Anti-Economics, and Political Ideology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anti-Economists and Markets -- 3 Economic Theory and The Normative Status of The Market -- 4 Non-Ideological Economics -- Bibliography -- Social Scientific Naturalism and Experimentation in Economics -- 1 Is Game Theory Testable? -- 2 Difficulties in Testing Game Theory -- 3 Determining Preferences -- 4 The Implications of Preference Complexities -- 5 Some Implications for Social Scientific Naturalism -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Part B : Specific Methods, Theories, Approaches, Paradigms, Schools, Traditions -- The Philosophy of Economic Forecasting -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Prerequisites -- 3 Forecasting, Prediction, and Economics -- 4 The Purpose of Economics -- 5 Philosophical Questions -- 6 Causality and Control -- Bibliography. , Philosophy of Econometrics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relevant Philosophical/Methodological Issues -- 3 Philosophy of Science and Empirical Modeling -- 4 Statistical Inference and Its Foundational Problems -- 5 Error-Statistics (E-S) and Inductive Inference -- 6 Statistical Adequacy and The Reliability of Inference -- 7 Philosophical/Methodological Issues Pertaining to Econometrics -- 8 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Measurement in Economics -- 1 The Representational Theory of Measurement -- 2 Axiomatic Representational Theory of Measurement -- 3 Empirical Representational Theory of Measurement -- 4 Instrument Measurement -- 5 Reliable Measurement Results -- 6 Economic Modeling -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Geographical Economics and Its Neighbours - Forces Towards and Against Unification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geographical Economics and Its Neighbours -- 3 Explanatory Unification -- 4 Intra-Disciplinary Unification of Location, Trade and Growth -- 5 Inter-Disciplinary Unification: Economics Imperialism -- 6 Unrealistic Assumptions, Idealizations and Explanatory Power -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- The Homo Economicus Conception of The Individual: An Ontological Approach -- 1 Existence as a Category of Investigation -- 2 What Exists in Economics? -- 3 The Homo Economicus Conception of the Individual -- 4 The Problem of Multiple Selves -- 5 Three Precursor Social Identity Arguments -- 6 Recent Social Identity Arguments -- 7 The Conception of The Individual in Recent Economics -- Bibliography -- Rational Choice and Some Difficulties for Consequentialism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transitivity -- 3 Independence -- 4 Difficulties with The Formalisation of Non-Dictatorship -- 5 The Identification Problem -- 6 Summary -- Bibliography. , Rational Choice, Preferences Over Actions and Rule-Following Behavior -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rationality Principle and Rationality Hypotheses in Economics -- 3 Adjusting the Utility Function -- 4 Preferences Over Actions and Rule Following -- 5 The Rationale of Rule-Following Behavior -- 6 The Explanation of Rule-Following Behavior -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Philosophy of Game Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Some Basic Concepts -- 3 Game Theory as a Normative Theory Of Rationality -- 4 Game Theory as a Predictive Theory -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- An Embarrassment of Riches: Modeling Social Preferences in Ultimatum Games -- 1 Social Preferences -- 2 Analysis Based on Bug -- 3 Variants to Bug -- 4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Experimentation in Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory and Experiment -- 3 Experimental Inferences -- 4 External Validity -- 5 The Philosophical Relevance of Experimental Economics' Results -- 6 Other Issues and Readings -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Behavioral Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Intellectual Backdrop -- 3 Psychological Approaches During The Late Neoclassical Period -- 4 The "New" Behavioral Economics -- 5 The Methods of Behavioral Economics -- 6 Current Directions -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- The Economic Agent: Not Human, But Important -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic Agency -- 3 Animal Agents -- 4 The Heartland of Economics -- 5 Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics: The Molar and The Molecular -- 6 People as Coordinating Equilibria -- Bibliography -- Ontological Issues in Evolutionary Economics: The Debate Between Generalized Darwinism and The Continuity Hypothesis -- Introduction -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Public Choice: A Methodological Perspective -- Introduction and Overview -- 1 Homo Oeconomicus Goes Politics. , 2 Normative Public Choice -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Judgment Aggregation: A Short Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Problem of Majority Inconsistency -- 3 The Basic Model of Judgment Aggregation -- 4 A General Impossibility Result -- 5 Avoiding the Impossibility -- 6 The Relationship to Other Aggregation Problems -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- The Economics of Scientific Knowledge -- 1 The Idea of an Economics of Scientific Knowledge -- 2 The Optimisation Paradigm -- 3 Epistemic Utility Approaches -- 4 The Exchange Paradigm -- 5 Social Mechanisms for Knowledge Production -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- General Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Philosophy of Ecology -- Copyright Page -- General Preface -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Introduction -- Philosophy of Ecology Today -- Introduction -- Part 1: Philosophical Issues in the History and Science of Ecology -- Part 2: Philosophical Issues in Applied Ecology and Conservation Science -- Part 1: Philosophical Issues in the History and Science of Ecology -- Origins and Development of Ecology -- Introduction -- 1 What were the Novel Abductions or Hypotheses that Set Ecology Apart? -- 2 What were the Origins or Inspirations of these Defining Hypotheses? -- 3 How much have these Initial Hypotheses Affected the Subsequent Development of Ecology? -- 4 Who exactly Constituted the Community of Pioneer Ecologists? -- 5 How much Convergence Towards a Consistent set of Hypotheses has Occurred? -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Bibliography -- The Legend of Order and Chaos: Communities and Early Community Ecology -- 1 Clements, Gleason, and Preservability -- 2 The Prospect of Scientific Ecology -- 3 Order and Chaos -- 4 Clements's and Gleason's Ontologies -- 5 Polarizing Narratives -- 6 Multiple Communities -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Philosophical Themes in the Work of Robert H. Macarthur -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Biographical Sketch and Sketch of Macarthur's Research Program -- 3 A Tale of Two Models -- 4 Did Macarthur Unify Population Biology? -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Embodied Realism and Invasive Species -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Image Schemata of Invasion Biology -- 3 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- A Case Study in Concept Determination: Ecological Diversity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Adequacy Criteria for the Concept of Ecological Diversity -- 3 Simpson's Index -- 4 Shannon's Index -- 5 The Role of the Diversity Concept within Ecology -- Acknowledgements. , Bibliography -- The Biodiversity-ecosystem Function Debate in Ecology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: The Diversity-Stability Debate -- 3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions: Key Concepts -- 4 The Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Debate -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- A Dynamical Approach to Ecosystem Identity -- Introduction -- 1 The Practical Significance of Ecosystem Individuation -- 2 Identity and Individuation of Dynamical Systems -- 3 Ecosystem Individuation and Change -- 4 Ecosystem Meta-Models -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Symbiosis in Ecology and Evolution -- 1 Symbiosis-The Neglected Link Between Ecology and Evolution -- 2 History of the Concept -- 3 What, Precisely, Is Symbiosis? -- 4 Symbiosis and Evolution -- 5 Symbiosis and Cancer -- 6 Symbiosis and Human Ecology -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Ecology as Historical Science -- 1 History in Science and Historical Sciences -- 2 Status and Authority among the Sciences -- 3 Aims of Explanation -- 4 The Role of Prediction -- 5 A Case in Point -- 6 Reduction and Supervenience -- 7 Models and Evidence -- 8 The Standing of Ecological Models -- 9 Epistemic Remarks -- 10 Conclusion: Ecology as a Historical Science -- Bibliography -- Part 2: Philosophical Issues in Applied Ecology and Conservation Science -- Environmental Ethics and Decision Theory: Fellow Travellers or Bitter Enemies? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Case for Triage and Carbon Trading -- 3 Some Arguments Against Triage and Carbon Trading -- 4 A Decision-Theoretic Case Against Triage and Carbon Trading -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Postmodern Ecological Restoration: Choosing Appropriate Temporal and Spatial Scales -- Introduction: Classic Ecological Restoration -- The Wilderness Myth and the Equilibrium-Ecology Myth. , The Myth of Clementsian Equilibrium Ecology Debunked -- The Colonial Wilderness Myth Debunked -- Pleistocene Parks? -- A Question of Scale -- Temporal Scale and the Problem of Selecting a Reference System for Ecological Restoration -- The Classic Norms of Ecological Restoration Scientifically Justified -- A Scalar Distinction Between Pre- and Post-Industrial Human Disturbance -- Is Ecological Restoration Hubristic? -- Summary and Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Habitat Reconstruction: Moving Beyond Historical Fidelity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Balcones Canyonlands -- 3 Defining Ecological Restoration -- 4 Doubts About Integrity -- 5 Problems with Fidelity -- 6 Natural Values -- 7 The Reconstructionist Agenda -- 8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Modeling Sustainability in Economics and Ecology -- 1 Introduction: The Challenge -- 2 Accounting and Reversibility and Substitutability: Still Controversial -- 3 Scale Determination: The Greater Challenge Today -- 4 Reforming or Replacing Economics: What is Needed? -- 5 Reflexive Philosophy of Science: Models, Metaphors, and the Discernment of Social Values -- 6 Conclusion: Prospects for a Truly Ecological Approach to Sustainability -- Bibliography -- Diversity and the Good -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Species Richness and Biological Productivity -- 3 Economic Inequality and Biodiversity Loss -- 4 The Intrinsic Value of Diversity and Equality -- 5 Other Potential Applications -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. Greek, Indian, and Arabic logic -- v. 4. British logic in the nineteenth century , 1. "Bentham's Logic" by Charissa Varma and Gordon McOuat -- 2. "Coleridge's Logic" by Timothy Milnes -- 3. "Whately's Logic" by James Van Evra -- 4. "Hamilton's Logic" by Ralph Jessop -- 5. "Whewell's Logic" by Laura Snyder -- 6. "Mill's Logic" by Fred Wilson -- 7. "DeMorgan's Logic" by Michael Hobards & Joan Richards -- 8. "Boole's Logic" by Dale Jacquette -- 9. "French Logique and British Logic: On the Origins of Augustus deMorgan early Logical Enquiries 1805-1835" by Maria Panteki -- 10. "Lewis Carroll's Logic" by Amirouche Moktefi -- 11. "Venn's Logic" by James Van Evra -- 12. "Jevons' Logic" by Bert Mosselmans and Ard Van Moer -- 13. "MacColl's Logic" by Shahid Rahman -- 14. "The Idealists" by David Sullivan. , Electronic reproduction; Mode of access: World Wide Web

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Print version record

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. Greek, Indian, and Arabic logic , Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic marks the initial appearance of the multi-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. Additional volumes will be published when ready, rather than in strict chronological order. Soon to appear are The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege. Also in preparation are Logic From Russell to G̱del, The Emergence of Classical Logic, Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century, and The Many-Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic. Further volumes will follow, including Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic and Logic: A History of its Central. In designing the Handbook of the History of Logic, the Editors have taken the view that the history of logic holds more than an antiquarian interest, and that a knowledge of logic's rich and sophisticated development is, in various respects, relevant to the research programmes of the present day. Ancient logic is no exception. The present volume attests to the distant origins of some of modern logic's most important features, such as can be found in the claim by the authors of the chapter on Aristotle's early logic that, from its infancy, the theory of the syllogism is an example of an intuitionistic, non-monotonic, relevantly paraconsistent logic. Similarly, in addition to its comparative earliness, what is striking about the best of the Megarian and Stoic traditions is their sophistication and originality. Logic is an indispensably important pivot of the Western intellectual tradition. But, as the chapters on Indian and Arabic logic make clear, logic's parentage extends more widely than any direct line from the Greek city states. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that for centuries logic has been an unfetteredly international enterprise, whose research programmes reach to every corner of the learned world. Like its companion volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic is the result of a design that gives to its distinguished authors as much space as would be needed to produce highly authoritative chapters, rich in detail and interpretative reach. The aim of the Editors is to have placed before the relevant intellectual communities a research tool of indispensable value. Together with the other volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic, will be essential reading for everyone with a curiosity about logic's long development, especially researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic in all its forms, argumentation theory, AI and computer science, cognitive psychology and neuroscienc ... , Electronic reproduction; Mode of access: World Wide Web

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. Greek, Indian, and Arabic logic , With the publication of the present volume, the Handbook of the History of Logic turns its attention to the rise of modern logic. The period covered is 1685-1900, with this volume carving out the territory from Leibniz to Frege. What is striking about this period is the earliness and persistence of what could be called 'the mathematical turn in logic'. Virtually every working logician is aware that, after a centuries-long run, the logic that originated in antiquity came to be displaced by a new approach with a dominantly mathematical character. It is, however, a substantial error to suppose that the mathematization of logic was, in all essentials, Frege's accomplishment or, if not his alone, a development ensuing from the second half of the nineteenth century. The mathematical turn in logic, although given considerable torque by events of the nineteenth century, can with assurance be dated from the final quarter of the seventeenth century in the impressively prescient work of Leibniz. It is true that, in the three hundred year run-up to the Begriffsschrift, one does not see a smoothly continuous evolution of the mathematical turn, but the idea that logic is mathematics, albeit perhaps only the most general part of mathematics, is one that attracted some degree of support throughout the entire period in question. Still, as Alfred North Whitehead once noted, the relationship between mathematics and symbolic logic has been an "uneasy" one, as is the present-day association of mathematics with computing. Some of this unease has a philosophical texture. For example, those who equate mathematics and logic sometimes disagree about the directionality of the purported identity. Frege and Russell made themselves famous by insisting (though for different reasons) that logic was the senior partner. Indeed logicism is the view that mathematics can be re-expressed without relevant loss in a suitably framed symbolic logic. But for a number of thinkers who took an algebraic approach to logic, the dependency relation was reversed, with mathematics in some form emerging as the senior partner. This was the precursor of the modern view that, in its four main precincts (set theory, proof theory, model theory and recursion theory), logic is indeed a branch of pure mathematics. It would be a mistake to leave the impression that the mathematization of logic (or the logicization of mathematics) was the sole concern of the history of logic between 1665 and 1900. There are, in this ... , Electronic reproduction; Mode of access: World Wide Web