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  • 2015-2019  (78)
  • 2005-2009  (29)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cellular inorganic carbon fluxes in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its relevance for marine carbon cycling (2006)
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Description / Table of Contents: Coccolithophorid, calcification, inorganic carbon aquisition, carbon concentrating mechanism, Emiliania huxleyi, glacial/interglacial, glacial terminations. - This thesis investigates several processes relevant for carbon cycling on various time scales. The publications deal with processes on time scales of millions of years (climate change in the Pleistocene), hundreds and tens of thousands of years (impact of calcification on atmospheric CO2 at glacial/interglacial change), hours to minutes (CCM activity of phytoplankton) to seconds and micro seconds (kinetics in the carbonate system).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 155 p. = 2844 KB, text and images
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-diss000103448
    DDC: 577.144
    Language: English
    Note: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2006
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comment on "Phytoplankton Calcification in a High-CO2 World" (2008)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Science, Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1880, 322(2008), 5907, Seite 1466, 1095-9203
    In: volume:322
    In: year:2008
    In: number:5907
    In: pages:1466
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1095-9203
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1161096
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auswirkungen der Nährstoffstöchiometrie auf die Quantität und Zusammensetzung von Alkenonen der Coccolithophoride Emiliania huxleyi (2008)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Coccolithophoridae ; Nährstoffkreislauf
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 Seiten = 11 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/6417/
    Language: German
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Calcification and photosynthesis of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi cultured under a broad range of carbonate chemistry conditions (2009)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Coccolithophoridae ; Verkalkung ; Photosynthese
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten = 9 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/672/
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulated 21st century's increase in oceanic suboxia by CO2-enhanced biotic carbon export (2008)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Global biogeochemical cycles, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1987, 22(2008), 1944-9224
    In: volume:22
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:10
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary impacts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on marine biogeochemical cycles predicted so far include ocean acidification, global warming induced shifts in biogeographical provinces, and a possible negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 levels by CO2-fertilized biological production. Here we report a new potentially significant impact on the oxygen-minimum zones of the tropical oceans. Using a model of global climate, ocean circulation, and biogeochemical cycling, we extrapolate mesocosm-derived experimental findings of a pCO2-sensitive increase in biotic carbon-to-nitrogen drawdown to the global ocean. For a simulation run from the onset of the industrial revolution until A.D. 2100 under a business-as-usualʺ scenario for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, our model predicts a negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 levels, which amounts to 34 Gt C by the end of this century. While this represents a small alteration of the anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle, the model results reveal a dramatic 50% increase in the suboxic water volume by the end of this century in response to the respiration of excess organic carbon formed at higher CO2 levels. This is a significant expansion of the marine dead zonesʺ with severe implications not only for all higher life forms but also for oxygen-sensitive nutrient recycling and, hence, for oceanic nutrient inventories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 10 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-9224
    DOI: 10.1029/2007GB003147
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes (2017)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 4 . Art.Nr. 64.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the ongoing accumulation in the surface ocean together with concomitantly decreasing pH and calcium carbonate saturation states have the potential to impact phytoplankton community composition and therefore biogeochemical element cycling on a global scale. Here we report on a recent mesocosm CO2 perturbation study (Raunefjorden, Norway), with a focus on organic matter and phytoplankton dynamics. Cell numbers of three phytoplankton groups were particularly affected by increasing levels of seawater CO2 throughout the entire experiment, with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes (prasinophytes) profiting, and the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (prymnesiophyte) being negatively impacted. Combining these results with other phytoplankton community CO2 experiments into a data-set of global coverage suggests that, whenever CO2 effects are found, prymnesiophyte (especially coccolithophore) abundances are negatively affected, while the opposite holds true for small picoeukaryotes belonging to the class of prasinophytes, or the division of chlorophytes in general. Future reductions in calcium carbonate-producing coccolithophores, providing ballast which accelerates the sinking of particulate organic matter, together with increases in picoeukaryotes, an important component of the microbial loop in the euphotic zone, have the potential to impact marine export production, with feedbacks to Earth's climate system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00064
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Shift towards larger diatoms in a natural phytoplankton assemblage under combined high-CO2 and warming conditions (2018)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 40 (4). pp. 391-406.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: An indoor mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on the species composition and biogeochemical element cycling during a winter/spring bloom with a natural phytoplankton assemblage from the Kiel fjord, Germany. The experimental setup consisted of a "Control" (ambient temperature of similar to 4.8 degrees C and similar to 535 +/- 25 mu atm pCO(2)), a "High-CO2" treatment (ambient temperature and initially 1020 +/- 45 mu atm pCO(2)) and a "Greenhouse" treatment (similar to 8.5 degrees C and initially 990 +/- 60 mu atm pCO(2)). Nutrient replete conditions prevailed at the beginning of the experiment and light was provided at in situ levels upon reaching pCO(2) target levels. A diatom-dominated bloom developed in all treatments with Skeletonema costatum as the dominant species but with an increased abundance and biomass contribution of larger diatom species in the Greenhouse treatment. Conditions in the Greenhouse treatment accelerated bloom development with faster utilization of inorganic nutrients and an earlier peak in phytoplankton biomass compared to the Control and High CO2 but no difference in maximum concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) between treatments. Loss of POM in the Greenhouse treatment, however, was twice as high as in the Control and High CO2 treatment at the end of the experiment, most likely due to an increased proportion of larger diatom species in that treatment. We hypothesize that the combination of warming and acidification can induce shifts in diatom species composition with potential feedbacks on biogeochemical element cycling.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fby018
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    The modulating effect of light intensity on the response of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanicato ocean acidification (2015)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 60 (6). pp. 2145-2157.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-01
    Description: Global change leads to a multitude of simultaneous modifications in the marine realm among which shoaling of the upper mixed layer, leading to enhanced surface layer light intensities, as well as increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration are some of the most critical environmental alterations for phytoplankton. In this study, we investigated the responses of growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica to elevated inline image (51 Pa, 105 Pa, and 152 Pa) (1 Pa ≈ 10 μatm) at a variety of light intensities (50–800 μmol photons m−2 s−1). By fitting the light response curve, our results showed that rising inline image reduced the maximum rates for growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification. Increasing light intensity enhanced the sensitivity of these rate responses to inline image, and shifted the inline image optima toward lower levels. Combining the results of this and a previous study (Sett et al. 2014) on the same strain indicates that both limiting low inline image and inhibiting high inline image levels (this study) induce similar responses, reducing growth, carbon fixation and calcification rates of G. oceanica. At limiting low light intensities the inline image optima for maximum growth, carbon fixation and calcification are shifted toward higher levels. Interacting effects of simultaneously occurring environmental changes, such as increasing light intensity and ocean acidification, need to be considered when trying to assess metabolic rates of marine phytoplankton under future ocean scenarios.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10161
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  • 9
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    A unifying concept of coccolithophore sensitivity to changing carbonate chemistry embedded in an ecological framework (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 135 . pp. 125-138.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-12
    Description: Highlights • Calcification rates are stimulated by CO2 and HCO3− and inhibited by H+. • This novel substrate–inhibitor concept is tested with experimental data. • The concept enables us to reconcile conflicting results among laboratory studies. • We illustrate how this physiological concept can be included in ecological theory. • We apply the concept to discuss coccolithophore dispersal in the oceans. Abstract Coccolithophores are a group of unicellular phytoplankton species whose ability to calcify has a profound influence on biogeochemical element cycling. Calcification rates are controlled by a large variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors, carbonate chemistry has gained considerable attention during the last years as coccolithophores have been identified to be particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. Despite intense research in this area, a general concept harmonizing the numerous and sometimes (seemingly) contradictory responses of coccolithophores to changing carbonate chemistry is still lacking to date. Here, we present the “substrate–inhibitor concept” which describes the dependence of calcification rates on carbonate chemistry speciation. It is based on observations that calcification rate scales positively with bicarbonate (HCO3−), the primary substrate for calcification, and carbon dioxide (CO2), which can limit cell growth, whereas it is inhibited by protons (H+). This concept was implemented in a model equation, tested against experimental data, and then applied to understand and reconcile the diverging responses of coccolithophorid calcification rates to ocean acidification obtained in culture experiments. Furthermore, we (i) discuss how other important calcification-influencing factors (e.g. temperature and light) could be implemented in our concept and (ii) embed it in Hutchinson’s niche theory, thereby providing a framework for how carbonate chemistry-induced changes in calcification rates could be linked with changing coccolithophore abundance in the oceans. Our results suggest that the projected increase of H+ in the near future (next couple of thousand years), paralleled by only a minor increase of inorganic carbon substrate, could impede calcification rates if coccolithophores are unable to fully adapt. However, if calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sediment dissolution and terrestrial weathering begin to increase the oceans’ HCO3− and decrease its H+ concentrations in the far future (10–100 kyears), coccolithophores could find themselves in carbonate chemistry conditions which may be more favorable for calcification than they were before the Anthropocene.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.012
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Effect of elevated CO2 on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community (2015)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 12 (20). pp. 6181-6203.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Ocean acidification is expected to influence plankton community structure and biogeochemical element cycles. To date, the response of plankton communities to elevated CO2 has been studied primarily during nutrient-stimulated blooms. In this CO2 manipulation study, we used large-volume (~ 55 m3) pelagic in situ mesocosms to enclose a natural summer, post-spring-bloom plankton assemblage in the Baltic Sea to investigate the response of organic matter pools to ocean acidification. The carbonate system in the six mesocosms was manipulated to yield average fCO2 ranging between 365 and ~ 1230 μatm with no adjustment of naturally available nutrient concentrations. Plankton community development and key biogeochemical element pools were subsequently followed in this nitrogen-limited ecosystem over a period of 7 weeks. We observed higher sustained chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (~ 25 % higher) and lower inorganic phosphate concentrations in the water column in the highest fCO2 treatment (1231 μatm) during the final 2 weeks of the study period (Phase III), when there was low net change in particulate and dissolved matter pools. Size-fractionated phytoplankton pigment analyses indicated that these differences were driven by picophytoplankton (〈 2 μm) and were already established early in the experiment during an initial warm and more productive period with overall elevated chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations. However, the influence of picophytoplankton on bulk organic matter pools was masked by high biomass of larger plankton until Phase III, when the contribution of the small size fraction (〈 2 μm) increased to up to 90 % of chlorophyll a. In this phase, a CO2-driven increase in water column particulate carbon did not lead to enhanced sinking material flux but was instead reflected in increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Hence ocean acidification may induce changes in organic matter partitioning in the upper water column during the low-nitrogen summer period in the Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-6181-2015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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