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  • 1
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    The Holocene temperature conundrum (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  EPIC3PNAS, National Academy of Sciences, 111(34), pp. E3501-E3505, ISSN: 0027-8424
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-09
    Description: A recent temperature reconstruction of global annual temperature shows Early Holocene warmth followed by a cooling trend through the Middle to Late Holocene [Marcott SA, et al., 2013, Science 339(6124):1198–1201]. This global cooling is puzzling because it is opposite from the expected and simulated global warming trend due to the retreating ice sheets and rising atmospheric greenhouse gases. Our critical reexamination of this contradiction between the reconstructed cooling and the simulated warming points to potentially significant biases in both the seasonality of the proxy reconstruction and the climate sensitivity of current climate models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Linear Weakening of the AMOC in response to Receding Glacial Ice Sheets in CCSM3 (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(17), pp. 6252-6258, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The transient response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to a deglacial ice-sheet retreat is studied using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3), with a focus on orographic effects rather than meltwater discharge. It is found that the AMOC weakens significantly (41%) in response to the deglacial ice-sheet retreat. The AMOC weakening follows the decrease of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet volume linearly, with no evidence of abrupt thresholds. A wind-driven mechanism is proposed to explain the weakening of the AMOC: lowering the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets induces a northward shift of the westerlies, which causes a rapid eastward sea-ice transport and expanded sea-ice cover over the subpolar North Atlantic; this expanded sea ice insulates the ocean from heat loss and leads to suppressed deep convection and a weakened AMOC. A sea ice-ocean positive feedback could be further established between the AMOC decrease and sea-ice expansion.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    The role of North Brazil Current transport in the paleoclimate of the Brazilian Nordeste margin and paleoceanography of the western tropical Atlantic during the late Quaternary (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 415 (2014): 3-13, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.05.030.
    Description: Reconstructions of surface paleoceanographic conditions of the western equatorial Atlantic and past climates of the adjacent Northeast Brazilian (the "Nordeste") continental margin were undertaken by analyzing sediments from a piston core and associated gravity and box cores recovered from 3107 meter water depth at 0° 20’ N on the equatorial Brazilian continental slope. The record is dated by radiocarbon analysis and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of planktonic foraminifers and spans from near- modern to approximately 110 Ka. High-resolution XRF analysis provides insight into the paleoclimate history of the Nordeste during the last glacial interval. Several large-amplitude and abrupt peaks are observed in the time series of Ti/Ca and are usually accompanied by peaks of Fe/K. Together these record periods of increased precipitation and intense weathering on the adjacent continent and increased terrestrial sediment discharge from Nordeste rivers into the Atlantic. Within the limits of dating accuracy, most Ti/Ca peaks correlate with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. This record thus corroborates, and extends back in time, the previous record of Arz et al (1998) determined on sediment cores from farther southeast along the Nordeste margin. Stable oxygen isotopic analysis and Mg/Ca paleothermometry on the near- surface-dwelling planktonic foraminiferal species Globierinoides ruber find that mean sea-surface temperature (SST) during glacial time (20 to 55 Ka, n = 97) was 23.89 ± 0.79 °C and the mean SST during the late Holocene (0 to 5 Ka, n = 14) was 26.89 ± 0.33 °C. SSTs were 0.5 to 2 °C higher and inferred sea-surface salinities were lower during most of the periods of elevated Ti/Ca, thus, as observed in previous studies, the western equatorial Atlantic was warm (at least locally) and the adjacent southern tropical continent was wet at the same time that the high-latitude North Atlantic was cold. Using the SYNTRACE-CCSM3 fully coupled climate model with transient forcing for the period 22 Ka to present, we find that decreased transport of the North Brazil Current co-occurs with reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, and colder-than-normal SSTs in the North Atlantic region. These simulated conditions are invariably associated with significantly increased precipitation in the Nordeste region.
    Description: Funding for the cruise and post-cruise science was provided to PAB by NSF-OCE-0823650.
    Keywords: North Brazil Current ; Amazon margin ; Late Quaternary ; Heinrich events
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    An assessment of the vulnerability of carotid plaques: a comparative study between intraplaque neovascularization and plaque echogenicity (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-29
    Description: Background: Carotid plaque echolucency as detected by Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) has been used as a potential marker of plaque vulnerability. However, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has recently been shown to be a valuable method to evaluate the vulnerability and neovascularization within carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to compare CEUS and CDUS in the assessment of plaque vulnerability using transcranial color Doppler (TCD) monitoring of microembolic signals (MES) as a reference technique. Methods: A total of 46 subjects with arterial stenosis (〉= 50%) underwent a carotid duplex ultrasound, TCD monitoring of MES and CEUS (SonoVue doses of 2.0 mL) within a span of 3 days. The agreement between the CEUS, CDUS, and MES findings was assessed with a chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Neovascularization was observed in 30 lesions (44.4%). The vascular risk factors for stroke were similar and there were no age or gender differences between the 2 groups. Using CEUS, MES were identified in 2 patients (12.5%) within class 1 (non-neovascularization) as opposed to 15 patients (50.0%) within class 2 (neovascularization) (p = 0.023). CDUS revealed no significant differences in the appearance of the MES between the 2 groups (hyperechoic and hypoechoic) (p = 0.237). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that intraplaque neovascularization detected by CEUS is associated with the presence of MESs, where as plaque echogenicity on traditional CDUS does not. These findings argue that CEUS may better identify high-risk plaques.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2342
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
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    Construction of human activity-based phosphorylation networks (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-03
    Description: Molecular Systems Biology 9, (2013). doi:10.1038/msb.2013.12 Authors: Robert H Newman, Jianfei Hu, Hee-Sool Rho, Zhi Xie, Crystal Woodard, John Neiswinger, Christopher Cooper, Matthew Shirley, Hillary M Clark, Shaohui Hu, Woochang Hwang, Jun Seop Jeong, George Wu, Jimmy Lin, Xinxin Gao, Qiang Ni, Renu Goel, Shuli Xia, Hongkai Ji, Kevin N Dalby, Morris J Birnbaum, Philip A Cole, Stefan Knapp, Alexey G Ryazanov, Donald J Zack, Seth Blackshaw, Tony Pawson, Anne-Claude Gingras, Stephen Desiderio, Akhilesh Pandey, Benjamin E Turk, Jin Zhang, Heng Zhu & Jiang Qian
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-4292
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 6
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    Investigations of coupling acoustic matching in multilayer acoustic structures (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: The coupling acoustic matching is investigated to realize acoustic sensors with a microfluidic channel, in which two overlap layers couple three local quarter-wavelength transmission elements. Provided that the reflecting waves from both sides of each overlap layer satisfy destructive interferences, most acoustic energy can be transmitted. Especially, the microfluidic channel is sensitive to realize a function of the acoustic matching, which could induce effects of an approximate half-wavelength transmission and much acoustic dissipation. With an optimized design, the detections of liquid properties with a high quality factor 300 in liquid environment, and a mass sensitivity of 95 kHz mm 2 /ng are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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