Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Conventional Methods for the Removal of Industrial Pollutants, Their Merits and Demerits -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Various Types of Wastes and Their Contamination in the Environment -- 2.1 Municipal Waste -- 2.2 Industrial Waste -- 2.2.1 Tannery -- 2.2.2 Distillery -- 2.2.3 Pulp and Paper -- 2.2.4 Textile Industry -- 2.2.5 Food and Beverages -- 3 Types and Characterization of Pollutants Generated from Various Industrial Processes -- 3.1 Organic Pollutants -- 3.1.1 Phenolics -- 3.1.2 Dyes -- 3.1.3 Volatile Organic Compounds -- 3.2 Inorganic Pollutants -- 3.2.1 Suspended and Dissolved Solids -- 3.2.2 Nitrogenous Compounds -- 3.2.3 Sulphides -- 3.2.4 Chlorides -- 3.2.5 Heavy Metals -- 4 Conventional Treatment Technologies -- 4.1 Physical Treatment Technologies -- 4.1.1 Adsorption -- 4.1.2 Electro-Dialysis -- 4.1.3 Ion Exchange -- 4.1.4 Sedimentation -- 4.2 Chemical Treatment Technologies -- 4.2.1 Coagulation/Flocculation -- 4.2.2 Precipitation and Filtration -- 4.2.3 Oxidation -- 4.3 Biological Treatment Technologies -- 4.3.1 Activated Sludge Process -- 4.3.2 Anaerobic Process -- 4.3.2.1 Fixed Film Reactors -- 4.3.2.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactors -- 4.3.2.3 Modified Hybridized Anaerobic Inclining Baffled Reactor -- 4.3.2.4 Anaerobic Contact Process -- 4.4 Emerging Treatment Technologies -- 4.4.1 Advanced Oxidation Process -- 4.4.2 Photo-Catalysis -- 4.4.3 Membrane Filtration -- 4.4.4 Enzymatic Treatments -- 4.5 Remediation of Industrial Pollutants with Green Technologies -- 4.5.1 Bioremediation -- 4.5.2 Phytoremediation -- 4.5.3 Engineered Wetlands Systems -- 5 Merits and Demerits of Conventional and Emerging Treatment Technology -- 6 Policies and Legal Frame Work Criteria -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Toxicological Aspects of Emerging Contaminants. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources of Emerging Contaminants -- 3 General Characteristics of Emerging Contaminants -- 4 Mobility of Emerging Contaminants -- 5 Ecological Risks of Emerging Contaminants -- 6 Classification of Emerging Contaminants -- 6.1 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers -- 6.2 Nitrosodimethylamine -- 6.3 Artificial Sweeteners -- 6.4 Personal Care Products -- 6.5 Algal Toxins -- 6.6 Microbes -- 6.7 Inorganic Elements -- 6.8 Illicit Drugs -- 6.9 Endocrine-Disrupting Hormones -- 6.10 Pharmaceuticals -- 7 Quantification Approaches -- 8 Environmental Remediation of Emerging Contaminants -- 8.1 Classical Water Treatments -- 8.2 Modern Water Treatments -- 8.2.1 Bioremediation -- 8.2.1.1 Chemistry of Bioremediation -- 8.2.1.2 Evidence of Biodegradation -- 8.2.2 Membrane Filtration -- 8.2.2.1 Operationalisation of Membranes -- 8.2.3 Ozonation -- 8.2.3.1 Chemistry of Ozonation -- References -- Chapter 3: An Overview of the Potential of Bioremediation for Contaminated Soil from Municipal Solid Waste Site -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Pollution and Health Risk from Municipal Solid Waste -- 3 Bioremediation with Historical Insight -- 4 Exiting Methods for Soil Remediation -- 4.1 Physical Remediation Method -- 4.2 Chemical Remediation Method -- 4.3 Bioremediation -- 5 Factors Affecting Bioremediation -- 5.1 The Nutrients Supplementation -- 5.2 Temperature -- 5.3 Microbial Diversity -- 5.4 pH -- 6 Integrating via Microbial Application to Improve Metal Uptake by Plants-Microbes Interaction -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Anammox Cultivation in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anammox Bioreactors -- 3 Synthetic Wastewater -- 4 Analytical Methods -- 5 Start-Up Stage -- 6 Nitrogen Removal Performance -- 7 Influent COD/NH4-N -- 8 Membrane Performance -- 9 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 5: Toxicity, Beneficial Aspects and Treatment of Alcohol Industry Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Toxicity of Distillery Wastewater -- 2.1 Toxicity on Terrestrial Region -- 2.2 Toxicity in Aquatic Regions -- 3 Genotoxicity of Distillery Wastewater -- 4 Miscellaneous Use of Distillery Wastewater -- 4.1 Ferti-Irrigation -- 4.2 Energy Production -- 5 Miscellaneous Approach to DWW Treatment -- 6 Challenges -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Bioremediation Approaches for Degradation and Detoxification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment -- 3 Environmental Problems of PAHs -- 4 Various Techniques for PAH Degradation -- 4.1 Chemical Degradation -- 4.2 Phytodegradation -- 4.3 Biodegradation -- 5 Role of Various Microorganisms in Bioremediation -- 5.1 Biodegradation of PAHS by Fungi -- 5.2 Biodegradation by Bacterial Isolates -- 5.3 Biodegradation of PAHs by Algal Isolates -- 6 Enzymatic Degradation of PAHs -- 6.1 Lignin Degrading Enzymes -- 6.1.1 Lignin Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.14) -- 6.1.2 Manganese Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.13) -- 6.1.3 Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) -- 7 Challenges -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Endocrine-Disrupting Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater and Their Degradation and Detoxification Approaches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources of EDCs -- 3 Impact of EDCs on Human and Animal Health -- 4 Wastewater Treatment Techniques and EDC Removal -- 4.1 Physical and Chemical Treatment -- 4.1.1 Membrane Technology -- 4.1.2 Absorption by Activated Carbon -- 4.1.3 Advanced Oxidation -- 4.1.4 Electrochemical Methods -- 4.2 Biological Treatment -- 4.2.1 Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants -- 4.2.2 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) -- 4.2.3 Fungal Treatment of EDCs -- 4.2.4 Bacterial Treatment of EDCs -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 8: Arsenic Toxicity and Its Remediation Strategies for Fighting the Environmental Threat -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Occurrence/Sources of Arsenic -- 2.1 Natural/Geogenic Sources -- 2.2 Anthropogenic Sources -- 3 Accumulation and Transformation of Arsenic in Edible Crops -- 3.1 Conversion and Internalisation of Arsenate -- 3.2 Conversion and Uptake of Arsenite -- 3.3 Methylation -- 3.4 Demethylation -- 3.5 Nitrate Reduction -- 4 Toxicity Profile of Arsenic -- 5 Removal Strategies of Arsenic from a Contaminated Environment -- 5.1 Physico-Chemical Strategies for Arsenic Remediation -- 5.1.1 pH -- 5.1.2 Phosphate -- 5.1.3 The Effect of Iron Hydroxides -- 5.2 Microbial-Based Arsenic Remediation -- 5.2.1 Arsenic Remediation by Bacteria -- 5.2.1.1 Oxidation/Reduction -- 5.2.1.2 Methylation/Demethylation -- 5.2.1.3 Biofilm and Biosorption -- 5.2.1.4 Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation -- 5.2.1.5 Biomineralisation -- 5.2.2 Arsenic Remediation by Algae -- 5.2.3 Arsenic Remediation by Yeast -- 5.2.4 Arsenic Remediation by Fungi -- 5.2.5 Arsenic Remediation by Genetic Engineered Microbes -- 5.3 Plant-Mediated Arsenic Remediation -- 6 Challenges -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Microalgal Treatment of Alcohol Distillery Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Generation and Characteristics of Alcohol Distillery Wastewater -- 3 Environmental Impact and Difficulties of the Alcohol Distillery Wastewater -- 4 Microalgae: An Emerging Solution for ADW Treatment -- 5 Cultivation Conditions for Microalgae During ADW Treatment -- 6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10: Endophytes: Emerging Tools for the Bioremediation of Pollutants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pollutants in the Environment -- 2.1 Toxic Metals -- 2.2 Triphenylmethane Dyes -- 3 Bioremediation Approaches in Removing Pollutants -- 3.1 Activated Charcoal -- 3.2 Agricultural Wastes -- 3.3 Algae. , 3.4 Yeast -- 3.5 Bacteria -- 3.6 Filamentous Fungi -- 4 Bioprospecting Endophytes for Removal of Metals -- 5 Endophytes for Metal Removal -- 5.1 Mechanisms of Metal Removal by Endophytes -- 5.2 Biosourcing Endophytes for Metal Removal -- 5.3 Innovations to Endophytes for Enhanced Metal Removal -- 6 Bioprospecting Endophytes for Removal of Triphenylmethane Dyes -- 6.1 Endophytes for TPM Dye Removal -- 6.2 Mechanisms of Dye Removal by Endophytes -- 6.3 Developing Endophytes As Bio-Agents for TPM Dye Removal -- 6.4 Innovations to Endophytes for Enhanced TPM Dye Removal -- 7 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 11: Textile Wastewater Dyes: Toxicity Profile and Treatment Approaches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Textile Wastewater: Generation and Characteristics -- 2.1 Sizing and Desizing -- 2.2 Scouring -- 2.3 Bleaching -- 2.4 Mercerization -- 2.5 Dyeing and Printing -- 2.6 Finishing -- 3 Toxicological Effects of Textile Wastewater Dyes in Environment -- 3.1 Case Study -- 4 Factors Affecting the Degradation of Dyes -- 5 Treatment Processes for Textile Wastewater -- 5.1 Physical Treatment Methods -- 5.1.1 Adsorption -- 5.1.2 Ion Exchange -- 5.1.3 Membrane Filtration -- 5.1.3.1 Ultrafiltration -- 5.1.3.2 Nanofiltration -- 5.1.3.3 Microfiltration -- 5.1.3.4 Reverse Osmosis -- 5.2 Chemical Treatment Methods -- 5.2.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 5.2.2 Coagulation and Flocculation -- 5.2.3 Chemical Oxidation -- 5.2.3.1 Ozonation -- 5.2.3.2 Fenton Oxidation -- 5.2.3.3 Photocatalytic Oxidation -- 5.2.3.4 Sonocatalytic Oxidation -- 5.3 Biological Treatment Methods -- 5.3.1 Aerobic Process -- 5.3.1.1 Activated Sludge Process -- 5.3.1.1.1 Oxidation Ditch Process -- 5.3.1.1.2 Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process -- 5.3.1.2 Biofilm -- 5.3.2 Anaerobic Process -- 5.3.3 Some Eco-Friendly Approaches -- 5.3.3.1 Constructed Wetland. , 5.3.3.2 Biocomposting.

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