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WTZ Südliches Afrika SPACES II: TRAFFIC – Trophische Transfereffizienz im Benguelastrom : Teilprojekt 3: Pelagische Nahrungsnetzstrukturen, trophische Wechselwirkungen und die Rolle des Zooplanktons für die trophische Transfereffizienz im nördlichen und südlichen Benguela-Auftriebssystem : BMBF-Verbundprojekt TRAFFIC : Sachbericht für die Projektlaufzeit 01.07.2018 bis 31.07.2022 (2022)

Auel, Holger [VerfasserIn]

Bremen : Universität Bremen (FB 02)

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Keywords: Forschungsbericht

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten, 2,54 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1876990775.pdf

URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1876990775

DOI: 10.2314/KXP:1876990775

Language: German

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0797B , Verbundnummer 01183047

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The Role of Zooplankton Grazing and Nutrient Recycling for Global Ocean Biogeochemistry and Phytoplankton Phenology (2022)

Karakuş, Onur ; Völker, Christoph ; Iversen, Morten ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-12

Description: Zooplankton plays a notable role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. However, it is often simulated as one generic group and top closure term in ocean biogeochemical models. This study presents the description of three zooplankton functional types (zPFTs, micro‐, meso‐ and macrozooplankton) in the ocean biogeochemical model FESOM‐REcoM. In the presented model, microzooplankton is a fast‐growing herbivore group, mesozooplankton is another major consumer of phytoplankton, and macrozooplankton is a slow‐growing group with a low temperature optimum. Meso‐ and macrozooplankton produce fast‐sinking fecal pellets. With three zPFTs, the annual mean zooplankton biomass increases threefold to 210 Tg C. The new food web structure leads to a 25% increase in net primary production and a 10% decrease in export production globally. Consequently, the export ratio decreases from 17% to 12% in the model. The description of three zPFTs reduces model mismatches with observed dissolved inorganic nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations in the South Pacific and the Arctic Ocean, respectively. Representation of three zPFTs also strongly affects phytoplankton phenology: Fast nutrient recycling by zooplankton sustains higher chlorophyll concentrations in summer and autumn. Additional zooplankton grazing delays the start of the phytoplankton bloom by 3 weeks and controls the magnitude of the bloom peak in the Southern Ocean. As a result, the system switches from a light‐controlled Sverdrup system to a dilution‐controlled Behrenfeld system. Overall, the results suggest that representation of multiple zPFTs is important to capture underlying processes that may shape the response of ecosystems and ecosystem services to on‐going and future environmental change in model projections.

Description: Plain Language Summary: Zooplankton plays an important role in the ocean food web and biogeochemical cycles. However, it is often represented in very simple forms in mathematical models that are, for example, used to investigate how marine primary productivity will react to climate change. To understand how these models would change when more complicated formulations for zooplankton are used, we present here a new version of the model with three (instead of only one) zooplankton groups. We find that this more complicated representation leads to higher zooplankton biomass, which is closer to observations, and this stimulates growth of phytoplankton since zooplankton also returns nutrients into the system. In addition, zooplankton grazing controls the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton, as we show for one example in the Southern Ocean.

Description: Key Points: Nutrient recycling by zooplankton stimulates net primary production in the biogeochemical model REcoM‐2. Modeling zooplankton functional types (zPFTs) leads to a switch from a light‐controlled Sverdrup system to a dilution‐controlled Behrenfeld system. Implementing multiple zPFTs improves the modeled zooplankton biomass and zooplankton‐mediated biogeochemical fluxes.

Description: Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Marine Carbon and Ecosystem Feedbacks in the Earth System [MarESys]

Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.779970

Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.785501

Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.777398

Description: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa18/woa18data.html

Description: http://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/ocean.productivity/index.php

Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.942192

Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Southern Ocean ; zooplankton ; ocean food web ; biogeochemical cycles ; modeling

Language: English

Type: doc-type:article

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CITATION GEO-LEO

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Assimilation rates, compound-specific stable isotope analysis and fatty acid data of dominant Antarctic copepods (2020)

Graeve, Martin ; Boissonnot, Lauris ; Niehoff, Barbara ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2023-01-30

Description: Copepod samples were taken during the Antarctic expedition PS 79 (ANT XXVIII/2) with RV Polarstern (Cape Town – Cape Town, 3 Dec 2011 – 5 Jan 2012). Copepods were collected at Station 53 (60° 3.22'S, 0° 2.14' E) in the Antarctic Weddell Gyre on 28 December 2011 by vertical bongo net hauls down to 300 m depth. Specimens of C. acutus (210 copepodids CV and 160 females) and of C. propinquus (125 females, no CV stages available) were gently sorted from the catch, maintained alive in filtered seawater at 0°C in a cooling container on board and transported to Germany at 0°C by airplane. Feeding carbon-labelled diatoms to these copepods during 9 days of feeding ,13C elucidated assimilation and turnover rates of copepod total lipids as well as specific fatty acids and alcohols. The 13C incorporation into these compounds was monitored by compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). The differences in lipid assimilation and turnover clearly show that the copepod species exhibit a high variability and plasticity to adapt their lipid production to their various life phases.

Keywords: Antarctic; ANT-XXVIII/2; BONGO; Bongo net; carbon turnover; CSIA; lipids; Polarstern; PS79; PS79/053-5; South Atlantic Ocean; Zooplankton

Type: Dataset

Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 5.4 MBytes

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DATA PANGAEA

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Copepod community ingestion in the southern Benguela upwelling system during METEOR cruise M153 (2022)

Bode-Dalby, Maya ; Würth, Randi ; Dias Fernandes de Oliveira, Lívia ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-02-02

Keywords: Acartia, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Acartia, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Acartia, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Acartia, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideidae, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideidae, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideopsis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideus, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideus, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideus armatus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Aetideus giesbrechti, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Amallothrix, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Augaptilidae, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanidae, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanoida, biomass as dry weight; Calanoida, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanoida, total; Calanoides natalis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanoides natalis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanoides natalis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanus agulhensis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanus agulhensis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Calanus agulhensis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Calculated; Candacia, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Candacia, c4c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Candacia bipinnata, female , ingestion rate of carbon; Candacia curta, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Candacia curta, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Candacia sp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages brachiatus, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages brachiatus, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages brachiatus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages brachiatus, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages bradyi, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Centropages bradyi, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Chiridius gracilis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Chiridius gracilis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Clausocalanidae, ingestion rate of carbon; Comment; Cyclopoida, biomass as dry weight; Cyclopoida, ingestion rate of carbon; Cyclopoida, total; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Euaugaptilus palumboi, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Euaugaptilus palumboi, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Eucalanus hyalinus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Eucalanus hyalinus, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta acuta, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta acuta, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta marina, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta media, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchaeta sp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchirella rostrata, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchirella sp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Euchirella sp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Event label; Gaetanus brevispinus, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Gaetanus cf. minor, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Gaetanus cf. minor, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Gaetanus sp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Gaetanus spp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Haloptilus longicornis, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Haloptilus longicornis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Haloptilus longicornis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Haloptilus oxycephalus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Heterorhabdus spp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Heterorhabdus spp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Heterorhabdus spp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Heterorhabdus spp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; Labidocera acuta, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Lophothrix frontalis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Lophothrix latipes, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia, maleagna, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia clausii, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia clausii, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia clausii, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia gaussae, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia ovalis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia spp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia spp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia spp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Lucicutia spp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; M153; M153_11-4; M153_12-4; M153_18-15; M153_6-4; M153_7-5; M153_8-4; M153_9-3; Mesocalanus tenuicornis, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Mesocalanus tenuicornis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Mesocalanus tenuicornis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Mesocalanus tenuicornis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Meteor (1986); Metridia brevicauda, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia brevicauda, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia brevicauda, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia effusa, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia effusa, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia effusa, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia lucens, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia lucens, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia lucens, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia venusta, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia venusta, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridia venusta, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Metridinidae, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Monacilla sp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Nannocalanus, minor, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Nannocalanus, minor, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Nannocalanus, minor, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Neocalanus gracilis, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Neocalanus gracilis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Neocalanus gracilis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Neocalanus gracilis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Nullosetigera helgae, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Nullosetigera impar, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Nullosetigera spp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Oithona, ingestion rate of carbon; Oncaeidae, ingestion rate of carbon; Pareucalanus sp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Pareucalanus sp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma abdominalis, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma abdominalis, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma abdominalis, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma abdominalis, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma quadrungulata, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma quadrungulata, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma quadrungulata, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma quadrungulata, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma robusta, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma robusta, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma spp. small, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma spp. small, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma spp. small, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma xiphias, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma xiphias, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Pleuromamma xiphias, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Pseudoamallothrix sp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Pseudoamallothrix sp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Pseudochirella sp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus cornutus, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus cornutus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus nasutus, c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus nasutus, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus nasutus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Rhincalanus nasutus, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Scaphocalanus curtus, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Scaphocalanus spp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Scaphocalanus spp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Scaphocalanus spp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Scaphocalanus spp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithricella spp., c1-c3, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithricella spp., c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithricella spp., female, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithricella spp., male, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithrix bradyi, c4-c5, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithrix bradyi, female, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithrix bradyi, male, ingestion rate of carbon; Scolecithrix

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4725 data points

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DATA PANGAEA

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Copepod community ingestion, respiration and length-dry mass relationships in the southern Benguela upwelling system during METEOR cruise M153 (2022)

Bode-Dalby, Maya ; Würth, Randi ; Dias Fernandes de Oliveira, Lívia ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: Small copepod genera play an important role in marine food webs and biogeochemical fluxes but have been neglected in many studies. Abundance, biomass and carbon consumption rates of small- (〈1 mm prosome length (PL)), medium- (1-1.5 mm PL) and large-sized (〉2 mm PL) copepods along a cross-shelf transect in the southern Benguela upwelling system were determined using rather high taxonomic resolution. Zooplankton samples were collected with a Multinet (Hydrobios Multinet midi, 5 nets with 200 µm meshsize) during the Meteor cruise M153 in February/March 2019. Calanoids contributed on average 55 ± 19% to total copepod abundance and 82 ± 13% to total copepod biomass. Small-sized Oithona spp. (119/114 mg C m-2 d-1) and Clauso-/Paracalanidae (87/263 mg C m-2 d-1) as well as large-sized Calanoides natalis (47/193 mg C m-2 d-1) were the dominant consumers at the most inshore stations. Small and medium-sized copepodite stages of Metridia lucens were also important, especially towards the continental slope. At offshore stations, Para-/Clausocalanidae (17-27 mg C m-2 d-1), Oithona spp. (9-16 mg C m-2 d-1), Pleuromamma spp. (0-16 mg C m-2 d-1), Calanus agulhensis (0-15 mg C m-2 d-1), Acartia spp. (0-12 mg C m-2 d-1), C. natalis (0-10 mg C m-2 d-1) and M. lucens (2-6 mg C m-2 d-1) were dominant consumers. Hence, usually small- and medium-sized copepods dominated total copepod ingestion, emphasizing that inadequate representation of small copepods will lead to significant underestimations and misinterpretations of the functioning of zooplankton communities, and finally to inadequate biogeochemical models.

Keywords: TRAFFIC; Trophic Transfer Efficiency in the Benguela Current

Type: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 4 datasets

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DATA PANGAEA

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Response of zooplankton community succession and trophic links to simulated upwelling conditions during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru) in austral summer 2017 (KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study) (2022)

Lischka, Silke ; Ayón, Patricia ; Pinedo Arteaga, Elda Luz ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: Increasing upwelling intensity and shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is projected for Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUSs) under ocean warming which may have severe consequences for mesopelagic food webs, trophic transfer, and fish production also in the Humboldt Current Upwelling System (HUS). To improve our mechanistic understanding, from February 23, 2017 until April 14, 2017 we performed a 50 days mesocosm experiment in the northern HUS (off Callao Bay, Peru) and monitored the zooplankton development prior to and following a simulated upwelling event through the addition of deeper water of two different OMZ-influenced subsurface waters to four of in total eight mesocosms. To elucidate plankton dynamics and trophic relationships, we followed the temporal development of the mesozooplankton community in relation to that of phytoplankton, analyzed the fatty acid composition and gut fluorescence of dominant copepods, and determined the stable isotope (SI) and elemental composition (C:N) of dominant zooplankton taxa. Zooplankton samples were collected from the mesocosms over the entire experiment duration using an Apstein net (17 cm diameter, 100 µm mesh) to determine abundance and taxonomic composition of the zooplankton community, and to analyze fatty acid composition, gut fluorescence and elemental composition of dominant zooplankton. Furthermore, abundance and biomass of zooplankton groups was estimated from scanned ZooScan images.

Keywords: Abundance; Biomass; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Coastal Upwelling System in a Changing Ocean; CUSCO; Gut fluorescence; Humboldt Current System; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; Lipid; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Oxygen Minimun zone; SFB754; Stable isotopes; Zooplankton

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Format: application/zip, 5 datasets

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Fatty acid and stable isotope composition of zooplankton, fishes and sea birds from the northern Humboldt Current System during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM80 (2022)

Schukat, Anna ; Massing, Jana Chiara ; Auch, Dominik ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: A combined stable isotope and fatty acid trophic biomarker approach was adopted for key zooplankton taxa and higher trophic positions of the northern Humboldt Current System to elucidate the pelagic food-web structure and to better understand trophic interactions. Samples covered an extensive spatial range from 8.5°S to 16°S and a vertical range down to 1,000 m depth. Immediately after each haul, specimens were sorted alive in the lab and apparently live and healthy individuals were stored in vials and deep-frozen at -80°C until further lipid and stable isotope analyses. The comprehensive data set covered over 20 zooplankton taxa and indicated that three biomass-rich crustacean species usually dominated the zooplankton community, i.e., the copepods Calanus chilensis at the surface and Eucalanus inermis in the pronounced oxygen minimum zone and the krill Euphausia mucronata, resulting in an overall low number of major trophic pathways toward anchovies. In addition, the semi-pelagic squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon appears to play a key role in the benthic-pelagic coupling. By partly feeding on benthic resources and by diel vertical migration, P. monodon provides a unique pathway for returning carbon and energy from the sea floor to the epipelagic layer, increasing the food supply for pelagic fish.

Keywords: Coastal Upwelling System in a Changing Ocean; CUSCO

Type: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 2 datasets

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Abundance and size measurements of calanoid copepods in the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean during POLARSTERN cruise PS81 (ANT-XXIX/1) (2022)

Dias Fernandes de Oliveira, Lívia ; Bode-Dalby, Maya ; Schukat, Anna ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: Abundance and community structure of calanoid copepods of one day (stn. 16; bottom depth 5,433 m) and one night station (stn. 15; bottom depth 5,462 m) were analyzed (Fig. 1). Stratified vertical hauls were carried out within 24 h with a HydroBios Multinet Maxi (0.5 m2 net opening, 9 nets, 150 µm mesh size) from 800 m depth to the surface (strata: 800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100-50-0 m). The filtered water volume was measured with a flowmeter attached to the net opening. After retrieval, samples were preserved in a 4% borax-buffered formaldehyde in seawater solution. Calanoid copepods were sorted according to their developmental stages (copepodids C1-3 and C4/5, adult females and males), counted and identified to genus or, if possible, to species level under a dissecting microscope (Leica MZ12). Rare species (〈100 individuals per sample) were counted from the entire sample. Total length (TL) of up to 100 calanoid individuals per taxonomic category (i.e. family/genus/species) and stage was measured (~6,600 specimens in total). Dry mass (DM) of calanoids was calculated based on the median TL of each taxonomic category. Individual respiration rates were calculated from individual DM and in situ temperatures, which were then converted to carbon units and used to calculate ingestion and egestion rates.

Keywords: calanoid copepods; South Atlantic Ocean; subtropical area; Zooplankton

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Format: application/zip, 2 datasets

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KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: Abundance of zooplankton taxa determined by ZooScan (2022)

Lischka, Silke ; Ayón, Patricia ; Pinedo Arteaga, Elda Luz ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: This dataset shows abundance of zooplankton taxa in individuals per liter as determined by ZooScan. Each data point is one sampling day (date) in one mesocosm (MK). For details on experimental treatments and sampling, refer to Bach et al. 2021 (https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4831-2020) and Ayon et al. 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-157). Raw images are stored in https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/3784. All taxonomic categories are self-explanatory.

Keywords: Abundance; Acartia spp.; Biomass; Bivalvia; Branchiostoma spp.; Calanoida; Ceratium spp.; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Cnidaria; Coastal Upwelling System in a Changing Ocean; Copepoda; Copepoda, nauplii; Corycaeidae; Crustacea, larvae; CUSCO; Cyclopoida; DATE/TIME; Diatoms, centrales; Gastropoda; Gut fluorescence; Harpacticoida; Hemicyclops spp.; Humboldt Current System; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; Lipid; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Noctilucales; Oncaeidae; Oxygen Minimun zone; Paracalanus spp.; Polychaeta; Sample code/label; Sample volume; SFB754; Spionidae; Stable isotopes; Tintinnida; Zooplankton; ZOOSCAN

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2430 data points

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DATA PANGAEA

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Respiration, ingestion and egestion rates of copepods from the northern Humboldt Current System off Peru during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM80 (2022)

Schukat, Anna ; Bode-Dalby, Maya ; Massing, Jana Chiara ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-03-09

Description: Zooplankton metabolic processes play an important role in carbon budgets and fluxes of pelagic ecosystems. Respiration rates of several copepod species were determined to reveal their energy requirements and assess their significance in the carbon cycle. Respiration rates were measured by optode respirometry and allometrically based on body dry mass (DM). For the on-board measurements, a 10-channel optode respirometer (PreSens Precision Sensing Oxy-10 Mini) was used and experiments were run in gas-tight glass bottles (13-14 ml) filled with filtered seawater to reduce bias by microbial respiration. In addition, respiration rates for all dominant copepod species during MSM80 including copepodite stages C4 to C6 were determined based on individual DM and respective ambient temperatures after Bode et al. (2018). For that, individual DM, if not available from frozen specimens, was determined from formalin/Steedman-preserved samples by weighing the dried samples on a microbalance. Losses in body DM due to formalin/Steedman preservation were considered after Schukat et al. (2021). Respiration rates were calculated separately for the copepod family Eucalanidae (a) as they are rather sluggish while all other copepods exhibited normal activity (b). (a) lnRTF = -2.180 + 0.787 ln(DM) + 0.131T and (b) lnRAC = -0.890 + 0.646 ln(DM) + 0.094T, where R (μl O2 ind-1 h-1) is the individual respiration rate for eucalanid (RTF) and active (RAC) copepods, DM represents dry mass in mg and T the average temperature (°C) of the sampling interval. Respiration rates of the medium- to larger-sized copepods (female prosome length (PL) of 1.2-6.0 mm) were compared to those of "small copepods" (all copepods with female PL 〈1.1 mm and young stages). Medium- to larger-sized species ingested on average 13-212 mg C m-2 d-1 in coastal regions while "small copepods" on average consumed 118-328 mg C m-2 d-1. The potential egestion varied on average from 5-64 mg C m-2 d-1 for medium to larger-sized copepods and 35-98 mg C m-2 d-1 for "small copepods". Data of energy demands, consumption and egestion rates of copepod species differing in size are essential to improve carbon budgets and food-web models in the Humboldt Current System.

Keywords: Analytical method; calanoid copepods; carbon budgets; Coastal Upwelling System in a Changing Ocean; consumption rates; Copepoda, mass; CUSCO; CUSCO-1; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Egestion rate of carbon per day per individual; Event label; Ingestion rate of carbon per day per individual; Latitude of event; Life stage; Longitude of event; Maria S. Merian; MSM80; MSM80_102-4; MSM80_10-4; MSM80_104-6; MSM80_13-4; MSM80_14-4; MSM80_15-5; MSM80_1-6; MSM80_16-4; MSM80_18-4; MSM80_20-4; MSM80_22-4; MSM80_25-4; MSM80_28-4; MSM80_30-4; MSM80_38-5; MSM80_40-5; MSM80_43-5; MSM80_45-5; MSM80_4-6; MSM80_46-6; MSM80_53-4; MSM80_56-5; MSM80_58-4; MSM80_60-4; MSM80_66-4; MSM80_67-4; MSM80_68-5; MSM80_70-3; MSM80_7-4; MSM80_74-4; MSM80_78-4; MSM80_80-6; MSM80_89-4; MSM80_90-4; MSM80_94-5; MSM80_95-4; MSM80_96-4; MSM80_99-6; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Respiration rate, carbon, per individual; Respiration rate, oxygen, per dry mass; Respiration rate, oxygen, per individual; Sample ID; Species; Station label; Temperature, technical; Upwelling

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10108 data points

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