Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the OASIS (“Organic very short lived substances and their Air Sea Exchange from the Indian Ocean to the Stratosphere”) cruises (FS Sonne, SO234-2 & SO235) during 8 - 20 July & 23 July – 7 August 2014 in the southern Indian Ocean (~30 E - 75 E, 30 S – 5 N). The samples were collected by Birgit Quack of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse and was connected to an automatic wind sector controller to prevent contamination of the samples from the ship's stack. Most samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for these samples varied between 27.7 and 46.9 hours. For one sample, 6 impactor stages and a backup filter were used to give more detailed information aerosol size distribution. This sample was collected over 91.7 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³) and iodine species (in pmol/ m³).

Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the Very short lived bromine compounds in the ocean and their transport pathways into the stratosphere (TransBrom) cruise (FS Sonne, SO202) during 9 - 25 October 2009 in the western Pacific Ocean (~141 E - 146 E, 20 S – 43 N). The samples were collected by Christian Müller, Sebastian Wache and Arne Lanatowitz of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse. Samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for the samples varied between 20.3 and 26.8 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³) and iodine species (in pmol/m³).

Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the M138 cruise (FS Meteor) during 6 June - 1 July 2017 in the eastern Pacific Ocean (~86 W - 76 W, 16 S – 5 N). The samples were collected by Hermann Bange of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse and its operation was controlled by an automatic wind sector controller to prevent contamination from the ship's stack. Samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for these samples varied between 14.3 and 65.2 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. Analysis work was performed by Andrew Smith of University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³)) and iodine species (in in pmol/m³). The data are reported in “Soluble iodine speciation in marine aerosols across the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins”, E. Droste et al., Frontiers in Marine Science, in preparation, (2021).

Description: The discovery of atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport and ocean–atmosphere exchange points to a highly complex marine plastic cycle, with negative implications for human and ecosystem health. Yet, observations are currently limited. In this Perspective, we quantify the processes and fluxes of the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, with the aim of highlighting the remaining unknowns in atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport. Between 0.013 and 25 million metric tons per year of micro(nano)plastics are potentially being transported within the marine atmosphere and deposited in the oceans. However, the high uncertainty in these marine-atmospheric fluxes is related to data limitations and a lack of study intercomparability. To address the uncertainties and remaining knowledge gaps in the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, we propose a future global marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic observation strategy, incorporating novel sampling methods and the creation of a comparable, harmonized and global data set. Together with long-term observations and intensive investigations, this strategy will help to define the trends in marine-atmospheric pollution and any responses to future policy and management actions.

Description: Key Points: - Bio-essential element concentrations in surface waters decreased from spring to summer with removal ratios reflecting biological uptake - Effects of volcanic inputs from Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010 were pronounced for Al, Mn and Zn but returned to typical levels in summer - Deep winter convection dominated trace element supply to surface waters with minor contributions from atmospheric and diffusive mixing We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, whilst 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% (dissolved Cd (DCd)) and ‐2.43% (DZn) of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter+diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump.