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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Klimatologie aufsteigender Luftströmungen und deren Beziehung zum großräumigen Transport von Spurenstoffen in der Atmosphäre : CARLOTTA ; Endbericht = Climatology of ascending airstreams and their relation to the long-range transport of trace substances in the atmosphere (2004)
    München
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Warm conveyor belts, long-range pollutant transport, source-recptor relationship, Lagrangian modelling, climate variability, arctic pollution
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S., 2,53 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb05/482391723.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:482391723
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb05/482391723l.pdf
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:482391723
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 07ATC05 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorh , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
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    Natural iron fertilization by the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 40 (5). pp. 921-926.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-05
    Description: Aerosol deposition from the 2010 eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull resulted in significant dissolved iron (DFe) inputs to the Iceland Basin of the North Atlantic. Unique ship-board measurements indicated strongly enhanced DFe concentrations (up to 10 nM) immediately under the ash plume. Bioassay experiments performed with ash collected at sea under the plume also demonstrated the potential for associated Fe release to stimulate phytoplankton growth and nutrient drawdown. Combining Fe dissolution measurements with modeled ash deposition suggested that the eruption had the potential to increase DFe by 〉0.2 nM over an area of up to 570,000 km2. Although satellite ocean color data only indicated minor increases in phytoplankton abundance over a relatively constrained area, comparison of in situ nitrate concentrations with historical records suggested that ash deposition may have resulted in enhanced major nutrient drawdown. Our observations thus suggest that the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption resulted in a significant perturbation to the biogeochemistry of the Iceland Basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.50221
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Microplastics and nanoplastics in the marine-atmosphere environment (2022)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The discovery of atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport and ocean–atmosphere exchange points to a highly complex marine plastic cycle, with negative implications for human and ecosystem health. Yet, observations are currently limited. In this Perspective, we quantify the processes and fluxes of the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, with the aim of highlighting the remaining unknowns in atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport. Between 0.013 and 25 million metric tons per year of micro(nano)plastics are potentially being transported within the marine atmosphere and deposited in the oceans. However, the high uncertainty in these marine-atmospheric fluxes is related to data limitations and a lack of study intercomparability. To address the uncertainties and remaining knowledge gaps in the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, we propose a future global marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic observation strategy, incorporating novel sampling methods and the creation of a comparable, harmonized and global data set. Together with long-term observations and intensive investigations, this strategy will help to define the trends in marine-atmospheric pollution and any responses to future policy and management actions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: other
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Occurrence of microplastics including tire wear particles in northern Atlantic air measured by high-volume samplers in summer 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This data set provides mass quantitative data of microplastics (MP) including tire wear particles (TWP) in northern Atlantic air. Air samples were taken with two different active air sampling devices (low- and high-volume samplers) during seven transects on a research cruise along the Norwegian coast up to Bear Island. Identification and quantification of MP was performed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). More information about the measurement technique is found in the related paper (Goßmann et al., 2023; doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39340-5). MP was detected in all transects (max. 37.5 ng m-3). Particularly interesting was the ubiquity of the polyethylene terephthalate cluster (C-PET, max. 1.5 ng m-3). TWP was detected only twice, but in comparably high concentrations (max. 35 ng m-3). A close relationship of C-PET occurrence and possible re-emission processes from the ocean were suspected. The results for some polymer clusters had to be excluded due to sampling related interferences. The respective background is discussed in the related publication. The indicator used for identification and quantification of the polyvinyl chloride cluster (C-PVC) is rather unspecific. Therefore, C-PVC might be interfered by additional anthropogenic sources and the given C-PVC concentration only represents an order of magnitude.
    Keywords: airborne concentration; B1; B2; B3; Car tire wear particles; Comment; Date/Time of event; Diphenylmethane diisocyanate-Polyurethane, cluster; Event label; FACTS; Fluxes and Fate of Microplastics in Northern European Waters; HE578; HE578_B1-VM; HE578_B2-VM; HE578_B3-VM; HE578_T1-KO; HE578_T1-VM; HE578_T2-KO; HE578_T2-VM; HE578_T3-KO; HE578_T3-VM; HE578_T4-KO; HE578_T4-VM; HE578_T5-KO; HE578_T5-VM; HE578_T6-KO; HE578_T6-VM; HE578_T7-KO; HE578_T7-VM; Heincke; High volume aerosol sampler; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Microplastics; Polycarbonate, cluster; Polyethylene terephthalate, cluster; Polymethylmethacrylate, cluster; Polypropylene, cluster; Polystyrene, cluster; Polyvinyl chloride, cluster; Py-GC/MS; Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Pyrolysis-GC/MS; Sample volume; Size fraction; T1; T2; T3; T4; T5; T6; T7; tire wear particles; Transect; Truck tire wear particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 305 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Occurrence of microplastics including tire wear particles in northern Atlantic air measured by low-volume samplers in summer 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This data set provides mass quantitative data of microplastics (MP) including tire wear particles (TWP) in northern Atlantic air. Air samples were taken with two different active air sampling devices (low- and high-volume samplers) during seven transects on a research cruise along the Norwegian coast up to Bear Island. Identification and quantification of MP was performed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). More information about the measurement technique is found in the related paper (Goßmann et al., 2023; doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39340-5). MP was detected in all transects (max. 37.5 ng m-3). Particularly interesting was the ubiquity of the polyethylene terephthalate cluster (C-PET, max. 1.5 ng m-3). TWP was detected only twice, but in comparably high concentrations (max. 35 ng m-3). A close relationship of C-PET occurrence and possible re-emission processes from the ocean were suspected. The results for some polymer clusters had to be excluded due to sampling related interferences. The respective background is discussed in the related publication. The indicator used for identification and quantification of the polyvinyl chloride cluster (C-PVC) is rather unspecific. Therefore, C-PVC might be interfered by additional anthropogenic sources and the given C-PVC concentration only represents an order of magnitude.
    Keywords: airborne concentration; B1; B2; B3; Car tire wear particles; Comment; Date/Time of event; Diphenylmethane diisocyanate-Polyurethane, cluster; Event label; FACTS; Fluxes and Fate of Microplastics in Northern European Waters; HE578; HE578_B1-LV; HE578_B2-LV; HE578_B3-LV; HE578_T1-LV; HE578_T2-LV; HE578_T3-LV; HE578_T4-LV; HE578_T5-LV; HE578_T6-LV; HE578_T7-LV; Heincke; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Low volume aerosol sampler; Microplastics; Polycarbonate, cluster; Polyethylene terephthalate, cluster; Polymethylmethacrylate, cluster; Polypropylene, cluster; Polystyrene, cluster; Polyvinyl chloride, cluster; Py-GC/MS; Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Pyrolysis-GC/MS; Sample volume; Size fraction; T1; T2; T3; T4; T5; T6; T7; tire wear particles; Transect; Truck tire wear particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 237 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Occurrence of microplastics including tire wear particles in northern Atlantic air in 2021 - a first mass-quantitative data set (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This data set provides mass quantitative data of microplastics (MP) including tire wear particles (TWP) in northern Atlantic air. Air samples were taken with two different active air sampling devices (low- and high-volume samplers) during seven transects on a research cruise along the Norwegian coast up to Bear Island. Identification and quantification of MP was performed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). More information about the measurement technique is found in the related paper (Goßmann et al., 2023; doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39340-5). MP was detected in all transects (max. 37.5 ng m-3). Particularly interesting was the ubiquity of the polyethylene terephthalate cluster (C-PET, max. 1.5 ng m-3). TWP was detected only twice, but in comparably high concentrations (max. 35 ng m-3). A close relationship of C-PET occurrence and possible re-emission processes from the ocean were suspected. The results for some polymer clusters had to be excluded due to sampling related interferences. The respective background is discussed in the related publication. The indicator used for identification and quantification of the polyvinyl chloride cluster (C-PVC) is rather unspecific. Therefore, C-PVC might be interfered by additional anthropogenic sources and the given C-PVC concentration only represents an order of magnitude.
    Keywords: airborne concentration; FACTS; Fluxes and Fate of Microplastics in Northern European Waters; Microplastics; Pyrolysis-GC/MS; tire wear particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Pervasive Arctic lead pollution suggests substantial growth in medieval silver production modulated by plague, climate, and conflict (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ISSN: 0027-8424
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-21
    Description: Lead pollution in Arctic ice reflects large-scale historical changes in midlatitude industrial activities such as ancient lead/silver production and recent fossil fuel burning. Here we used measurements in a broad array of 13 accurately dated ice cores from Greenland and Severnaya Zemlya to document spatial and temporal changes in Arctic lead pollution from 200 BCE to 2010 CE, with interpretation focused on 500 to 2010 CE. Atmospheric transport modeling indicates that Arctic lead pollution was primarily from European emissions before the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. Temporal variability was surprisingly similar across the large swath of the Arctic represented by the array, with 250- to 300-fold increases in lead pollution observed from the Early Middle Ages to the 1970s industrial peak. Superimposed on these exponential changes were pronounced, multiannual to multidecadal variations, marked by increases coincident with exploitation of new mining regions, improved technologies, and periods of economic prosperity; and decreases coincident with climate disruptions, famines, major wars, and plagues. Results suggest substantial overall growth in lead/silver mining and smelting emissions—and so silver production—from the Early through High Middle Ages, particularly in northern Europe, with lower growth during the Late Middle Ages into the Early Modern Period. Near the end of the second plague pandemic (1348 to ∼1700 CE), lead pollution increased sharply through the Industrial Revolution. North American and European pollution abatement policies have reduced Arctic lead pollution by 〉80% since the 1970s, but recent levels remain ∼60-fold higher than at the start of the Middle Ages.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    Hemispheric black carbon increase after the 13th-century Māori arrival in New Zealand (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Nature, 598(7879), pp. 82-85, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: New Zealand was among the last habitable places on earth to be colonized by humans1. Charcoal records indicate that wildfires were rare prior to colonization and widespread following the 13th- to 14th-century Māori settlement2, but the precise timing and magnitude of associated biomass-burning emissions are unknown1,3, as are effects on light-absorbing black carbon aerosol concentrations over the pristine Southern Ocean and Antarctica4. Here we used an array of well-dated Antarctic ice-core records to show that while black carbon deposition rates were stable over continental Antarctica during the past two millennia, they were approximately threefold higher over the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the past 700 years. Aerosol modelling5 demonstrates that the observed deposition could result only from increased emissions poleward of 40° S—implicating fires in Tasmania, New Zealand and Patagonia—but only New Zealand palaeofire records indicate coincident increases. Rapid deposition increases started in 1297 (±30 s.d.) in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, consistent with the late 13th-century Māori settlement and New Zealand black carbon emissions of 36 (±21 2 s.d.) Gg y−1 during peak deposition in the 16th century. While charcoal and pollen records suggest earlier, climate-modulated burning in Tasmania and southern Patagonia6,7, deposition in Antarctica shows that black carbon emissions from burning in New Zealand dwarfed other preindustrial emissions in these regions during the past 2,000 years, providing clear evidence of large-scale environmental effects associated with early human activities across the remote Southern Hemisphere.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Microplastics and nanoplastics in the marine-atmosphere environment (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Earth and Environment Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: The discovery of atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport and ocean–atmosphere exchange points to a highly complex marine plastic cycle, with negative implications for human and ecosystem health. Yet, observations are currently limited. In this Perspective, we quantify the processes and fluxes of the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, with the aim of highlighting the remaining unknowns in atmospheric micro(nano)plastic transport. Between 0.013 and 25 million metric tons per year of micro(nano)plastics are potentially being transported within the marine atmosphere and deposited in the oceans. However, the high uncertainty in these marine-atmospheric fluxes is related to data limitations and a lack of study intercomparability. To address the uncertainties and remaining knowledge gaps in the marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic cycle, we propose a future global marine-atmospheric micro(nano)plastic observation strategy, incorporating novel sampling methods and the creation of a comparable, harmonized and global data set. Together with long-term observations and intensive investigations, this strategy will help to define the trends in marine-atmospheric pollution and any responses to future policy and management actions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    Revised historical Northern Hemisphere black carbon emissions based on inverse modeling of ice core records (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 271-271, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Black carbon emitted by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has a net warming effect in the atmosphere and reduces the albedo when deposited on ice and snow; accurate knowledge of past emissions is essential to quantify and model associated global climate forcing. Although bottom-up inventories provide historical Black Carbon emission estimates that are widely used in Earth System Models, they are poorly constrained by observations prior to the late 20th century. Here we use an objective inversion technique based on detailed atmospheric transport and deposition modeling to reconstruct 1850 to 2000 emissions from thirteen Northern Hemisphere ice-core records. We find substantial discrepancies between reconstructed Black Carbon emissions and existing bottom-up inventories which do not fully capture the complex spatial-temporal emission patterns. Our findings imply changes to existing historical Black Carbon radiative forcing estimates are necessary, with potential implications for observation-constrained climate sensitivity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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