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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Exodus enigma (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 213-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We have obtained six high-precision radiocarbon dates of cereal grains from Tell es-Sultan (Jericho), stratigraphi-cally related to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (MB-IIC). The cereal samples belong to stratigraphic phase HAF.XII-XIII.lii.liii, the time of the final destruction and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382213a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil organic matter dynamics after the conversion of arable land to pasture (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Organic matter ; 13C analyses ; Land use change ; Fractionation ; Pasture ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Conversion of arable land (maize) to pasture will affect the soil organic matter (SOM) content. Changes in the SOM content were studied using a size- and density-fractionation method and 13C analysis. Twenty-six years of maize cropping had resulted in a depletion of carbon stored in the macro-organic fractions (〉150 μm) and an increase in the 〈20 μm fraction. Maize-derived carbon in the upper 20 cm increased from 10% in the finest fraction (〈20 μm) to 91% in the coarse (〉250 μm), light (b.d. 〈1.13 g cm–3) fractions. Pasture installation resulted in a rapid recovery of the total SOM content. Up to 90% of the pasture-derived carbon that was mineralized during maize cropping was replaced within 9 years. Especially the medium and coarse size (〉150 μm) and light (b.d. 〈1.13 g cm–3) fractions were almost completely regenerated by input of root-derived SOM. The amount of medium-weight and heavy macro-organic fractions (〉150 μm; b.d. 〉1.13 g cm–3) in the 0- to 20-cm layer was still 40–50% lower than in the continuous pasture plots. Average half-life times calculated from 13C analyses ranged from 7 years in the light fractions to 56 years in heavy fractions. Fractionation results and 13C data indicated that mechanical disturbance (plowing) during maize cropping had resulted in vertical displacement of dispersed soil carbon from the 0- to 20-cm layer down to 60–80 cm. Conversion of arable land to pasture, therefore, not only causes a regeneration of the soil carbon content, it also reduces the risk of contaminant transport by dispersed soil carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050494
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Distribution of pollen grains in sediment core T89-16-PC (Table 2) (2005)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Scourse, James D; Marret, Fabienne; Versteegh, Gerard J M; Jansen, J H Fred; Schefuß, Enno; van der Plicht, Johannes (2005): High resolution last deglaciation record from the Congo fan reveals significance of mangrove pollen and biomarkers as indicators of shelf transgression. Quaternary Research, 64(1), 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.03.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: High abundances of mangrove pollen have been associated with transgressive cycles on tropical margins, but the detailed relations between systems tracts and the taphonomy of the pollen are unclear. We report here the occurrence and high abundance of Rhizophora pollen, in association with taraxerol, a Rhizophora-sourced biomarker, from a high-resolution Congo fan core covering the last deglaciation. An age model based on 14C dates enables the temporal changes in taraxerol content and the percentage frequencies and flux (pollen grains (pg)/cm**2/(10**3 yr)) of mangrove pollen to be compared quantitatively with the lateral rate of transgression across the flooding surface (derived from glacio-hydro-isostatic model output and the bathymetry of the margin). Rhizophora pollen concentrations and taraxerol content of the sediment are very strongly positively correlated with the lateral rate of transgression and indicate, independently of any sequence stratigraphic context, that mangrove pollen spikes are associated with the transgressive systems tract rather than the highstand systems tract or maximum flooding surface. Lower-resolution longer-term records from this margin indicate an association between taraxerol concentrations and transgressive rather than regressive phases. The flux of these materials to the Congo fan is interpreted as a function of the erosion of flooded mangrove swamp on the shelf and, less importantly, changing extent of mangrove habitat, during sea-level rise. Congo River palaeoflood events also result in reworking of mangrove pollen and supply to the fan, but this mechanism is subdominant. Rhizophora pollen has been underestimated in many palynological studies undertaken on cores from the African margin because of inappropriate sieve mesh size used during laboratory preparation.
    Keywords: Acacia; Alchornea; Allophylus; Altenanthera; Araliaceae; Asteraceae; Canthium; Caryophyllaceae; Cassia; Celtis; Chenopodiaceae; Cochlospermum-type; Combretaceae; Cyperaceae; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Diospyros; Dobera-type; Ebenaceae undifferentiated; Euphorbiaceae; Fagara; Ficus; Hymenocardia; Isoberlinia; Lannea; Liliaceae; Macaranga-type; Manilkara; Myrica; Myrtaceae; Nauclea; NIOZ89; Oleaceae; PC; Piston corer; Poaceae; Podocarpus; Pollen, total; Pollen indeterminata; Pseudarthria; Rhizophora; Rubiaceae; Rullia; Salvadoraceae; Sapindaceae; Schefflera; Schrebera; Securinega; Size fraction; Southeast Atlantic; Spores; Spores, monolete; Spores, trilete; Syncepalum; Syzygium; T89-16; T89-16-PC; Tamarindus; Tetrochidium; Tyro; Uapaca
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 423 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    THE INTCAL20 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE (0–55 CAL kBP) (2020)
    Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Radiocarbon, 62 (4). pp. 725-757.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press, 62(4), pp. 725-757, ISSN: 0033-8222
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-24
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Comment on "Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals" by R.G. Fairbanks et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (2005) 1781-1796), and "Extending the radiocarbon calibration beyond 26,000 years before present using fossil corals" by T.-C. Chiu et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (2005) 1797-1808). (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006): 855-862, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.09.009.
    Description: A recently published radiocarbon calibration curve extending to 50,000 cal BP (Fairbanks et al. 2005) is purportedly superior to that generated by the IntCal working group beyond the end of the tree-ring data at 12,400 cal BP (Reimer et al. 2004). This claim is based, in part, on different diagenetic screening criteria and pretreatment for coral samples (Fairbanks et al. 2005; Chiu et al. 2005) which do not stand up under careful scrutiny. Also at issue is the conversion of the coral-based calibration curve to an atmospheric curve where large inter-annual variability in the sea-surface age reservoir age has been observed in the southwest Pacific where one of two sets of corals used were sampled. In addition we comment on the seemingly ad hoc statistical methods utilized by Fairbanks et al. (2005) to construct their curve. We recognize the value of the Fairbanks et al. (2005) coral radiocarbon data set, but reassert the need for multiple, independently derived data to provide confirmation and validation to all radiocarbon calibration data. This is especially important before 26,000 cal BP when lower sea-levels of the last glacial maximum exposed most coral samples to alteration by fresh water.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 322728 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Marine04 marine radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP (2011)
    Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 46 (2004): 1059-1086.
    Description: New radiocarbon calibration curves, IntCal04 and Marine04, have been constructed and internationally ratified to replace the terrestrial and marine components of IntCal98. The new calibration data sets extend an additional 2000 yr, from 0–26 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), and provide much higher resolution, greater precision, and more detailed structure than IntCal98. For the Marine04 curve, dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples, converted with a box diffusion model to marine mixed-layer ages, cover the period from 0–10.5 cal kyr BP. Beyond 10.5 cal kyr BP, high-resolution marine data become available from foraminifera in varved sediments and U/Th-dated corals. The marine records are corrected with site-specific 14C reservoir age information to provide a single global marine mixed-layer calibration from 10.5–26.0 cal kyr BP. A substantial enhancement relative to IntCal98 is the introduction of a random walk model, which takes into account the uncertainty in both the calendar age and the 14C age to calculate the underlying calibration curve (Buck and Blackwell, this issue). The marine data sets and calibration curve for marine samples from the surface mixed layer (Marine04) are discussed here. The tree-ring data sets, sources of uncertainty, and regional offsets are presented in detail in a companion paper by Reimer et al. (this issue).
    Description: A portion of this work was performed under National Science Foundation grant ATM-0407554. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U S Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    NotCal04; comparison/ calibration 14C records 26-50 cal kyr BP (2011)
    Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 46 (2004): 1225-1238.
    Description: The radiocarbon calibration curve IntCal04 extends back to 26 cal kyr BP. While several high-resolution records exist beyond this limit, these data sets exhibit discrepancies of up to several millennia. As a result, no calibration curve for the time range 26–50 cal kyr BP can be recommended as yet, but in this paper the IntCal04 working group compares the available data sets and offers a discussion of the information that they hold.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP (2011)
    Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 51 (2009): 1111-1150.
    Description: The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves from 0–12 cal kBP. The curves were constructed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implementation of the random walk model used for IntCal04 and Marine04. The new curves were ratified at the 20th International Radiocarbon Conference in June 2009 and are available in the Supplemental Material at www.radiocarbon.org.
    Description: We would like to acknowledge support for this project from the UK Natural Environment Research Council NE/E018807/1 and IGBP PAGES (Past Global Changes).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP (2011)
    Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 46 (2004): 1029-1058.
    Description: A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution beyond 11.4 cal kyr BP than IntCal98. Dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples cover the period from 0–12.4 cal kyr BP. Beyond the end of the tree rings, data from marine records (corals and foraminifera) are converted to the atmospheric equivalent with a site-specific marine reservoir correction to provide terrestrial calibration from 12.4–26.0 cal kyr BP. A substantial enhancement relative to IntCal98 is the introduction of a coherent statistical approach based on a random walk model, which takes into account the uncertainty in both the calendar age and the 14C age to calculate the underlying calibration curve (Buck and Blackwell, this issue). The tree-ring data sets, sources of uncertainty, and regional offsets are discussed here. The marine data sets and calibration curve for marine samples from the surface mixed layer (Marine04) are discussed in brief, but details are presented in Hughen et al. (this issue a). We do not make a recommendation for calibration beyond 26 cal kyr BP at this time; however, potential calibration data sets are compared in another paper (van der Plicht et al., this issue).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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