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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar physics Spots from rings (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 1047-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Dark spots or ‘blemishes’ on the face of the Sun (Fig. 1) were recognized from the early seventeenth century, and have since been identified as places where strong magnetic fields emerge from the Sun's surface. Data on sunspot numbers provide the longest observational record of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4311047a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Geochemistry, grain size and radiocarbon ages of MIS 3 sediment record from Nesseltalgraben, Germany (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Continuous sediment profiles were taken from ravine slopes at the Nesseltalgraben site in the Northern Calcareous Alps (SE Germany, 47.6567°N 13.0467°E, 560-582 m a.s.l.) in October 2016. The profile consists of fine-grained lacustrine-palustrine sediments overlain by several metres of glacifluvial gravels and lodgement tills of the Last Glacial Maximum and underlain by a diamicton. High-resolution (2 mm steps) element counts (Ca, S, Si, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr) were obtained with an XRF core scanner (Itrax, Cox Analytical Systems, Sweden). Organic geochemistry (total organic and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, total sulphur) was analysed with an elemental analyser (Euro EA, Eurovector, Germany), grain size with a laser diffractometer (Beckman-Coulter LS 200). The sediment profiles were compiled to a composite record of 21 m length. The age model bases on 29 radiocarbon analyses of macroscopic terrestrial plant remains (byrophytes, plant debris, monocots, wood, and twigs) and a previously discovered paleomagnetic anomaly assigned to the Laschamp event. The age model covers the period 59 to 29.6 ka cal BP and assigns the record to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The sediment record shows rapid changes in lithology, sedimentology, and geochemistry related to Dansgaard-Oeschger climatic events.
    Keywords: ALPWÜRM; Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; Environmental and climatic variability during the Middle Würmian in the northern Alps; Glaciation; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Middle Würmian; paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; radiocarbon dating
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Organic chemistry analyses of sediment profile NTG16 from the northern Alps (Nesseltalgraben, Germany) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: AGE; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; ALPWÜRM; Carbon, inorganic, total; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, organic, total/Nitrogen, total ratio; Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Environmental and climatic variability during the Middle Würmian in the northern Alps; Geological profile sampling; GEOPRO; Glaciation; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Middle Würmian; Nesseltalgraben, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, Germany; Nitrogen, total; NTG16; paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; radiocarbon dating; Sulfur, total
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3662 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Elemental composition from XRF core scan of sediment profile NTG16 from the northern Alps (Nesseltalgraben, Germany) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: AGE; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; ALPWÜRM; Calcium; Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Environmental and climatic variability during the Middle Würmian in the northern Alps; Geological profile sampling; GEOPRO; Glaciation; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Iron; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Manganese; Middle Würmian; Nesseltalgraben, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, Germany; NTG16; paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; Potassium; Principal component 1; Principal component analyses (PCA); radiocarbon dating; Rubidium; Silicon; Strontium; Sulfur, total; Titanium; X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF); Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 209748 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Radiocarbon dates of sediment profile NTG16 from the northern Alps (Nesseltalgraben, Germany) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: AGE; Age, 14C; Age, error; ALPWÜRM; Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Environmental and climatic variability during the Middle Würmian in the northern Alps; Fraction modern carbon; Fraction modern carbon, error; Geological profile sampling; GEOPRO; Glaciation; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Laboratory code/label; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Middle Würmian; Nesseltalgraben, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, Germany; NTG16; paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; radiocarbon dating; Sample ID; Sample material; Sample thickness
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 214 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Grain size composition of sediment profile NTG16 from the northern Alps (Nesseltalgraben, Germany) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: AGE; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; ALPWÜRM; Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Environmental and climatic variability during the Middle Würmian in the northern Alps; Geological profile sampling; GEOPRO; Glaciation; Grain size, mean; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Median, grain size; Middle Würmian; Nesseltalgraben, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, Germany; NTG16; paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; radiocarbon dating; Size fraction 〈 0.002 mm, clay; Size fraction 0.006-0.002 mm; Size fraction 0.020-0.006 mm; Size fraction 0.063-0.020 mm, coarse silt; Size fraction 0.200-0.063 mm, fine sand; Size fraction 0.630-0.200 mm, medium sand; Size fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sand
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5863 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Marine20 - the marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0 - 55,000 cal BP), simulated data for IntCal20 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: The concentration of radiocarbon (14C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally-agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-average marine record of radiocarbon from 0 – 55 cal kBP and serves as a baseline for regional oceanic variation. Marine20 is based upon 500 simulations with an ocean/atmosphere/biosphere box-model of the global carbon cycle that has been forced by posterior realisations of our Northern Hemispheric atmospheric IntCal20 14C curve and reconstructed changes in CO2 obtained from ice core data. These forcings enable us to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and temporal changes in the atmospheric 14C level. The box-model simulations of the global-average marine radiocarbon reservoir age are similar to those of a more complex three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. However, simplicity and speed of the box model allow us to use a Monte Carlo approach to rigorously propagate the uncertainty in both the historic concentration of atmospheric 14C and other key parameters of the carbon cycle through to our final Marine20 calibration curve. This robust propagation of uncertainty is fundamental to providing reliable precision for the radiocarbon age calibration of marine based samples. We make a first step towards deconvolving the contributions of different processes to the total uncertainty; discuss the main differences of Marine20 from the previous age calibration curve Marine13; and identify the limitations of our approach together with key areas for further work. The updated values for 𝛥𝑅, the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir age corrections required to calibrate against Marine20, can be found at the data base http://calib.org/marine/. This data set includes: - the data plotted in the related manuscript, including Marine20, and IntCal20, the most recent version of the radiocarbon age calibration curves - the 500 northern hemispheric atmospheric Δ14C realisations of IntCal20 used as input for the calculation of Marine20 - a netCDF file from the LSG OCGCM with spatially resolved marine reservoir ages.
    Keywords: File format; File name; File size; marine reservoir age; modelling; radiocarbon; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 40 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Early Holocene M~6 explosive eruption from Plosky volcanic massif (Kamchatka) and its tephra as a link between terrestrial and marine paleoenvironmental records (2013)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 102 (6). pp. 1673-1699.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-18
    Description: We report tephrochronological and geochemical data on early Holocene activity from Plosky volcanic massif in the Kliuchevskoi volcanic group, Kamchatka Peninsula. Explosive activity of this volcano lasted for ~1.5 kyr, produced a series of widely dispersed tephra layers, and was followed by profuse low-viscosity lava flows. This eruptive episode started a major reorganization of the volcanic structures in the western part of the Kliuchevskoi volcanic group. An explosive eruption from Plosky (M~6), previously unstudied, produced tephra (coded PL2) of a volume of 10–12 km3 (11–13 Gt), being one of the largest Holocene explosive eruptions in Kamchatka. Characteristic diagnostic features of the PL2 tephra are predominantly vitric sponge-shaped fragments with rare phenocrysts and microlites of plagioclase, olivine and pyroxenes, medium- to high-K basaltic andesitic bulk composition, high-K, high-Al and high-P trachyandesitic glass composition with SiO2 = 57.5–59.5 wt%, K2O = 2.3–2.7 wt%, Al2O3 = 15.8–16.5 wt%, and P2O5 = 0.5–0.7 wt%. Other diagnostic features include a typical subduction-related pattern of incompatible elements, high concentrations of all REE (〉10× mantle values), moderate enrichment in LREE (La/Yb ~ 5.3), and non-fractionated mantle-like pattern of LILE. Geochemical fingerprinting of the PL2 tephra with the help of EMP and LA-ICP-MS analyses allowed us to map its occurrence in terrestrial sections across Kamchatka and to identify this layer in Bering Sea sediment cores at a distance of 〉600 km from the source. New high-precision 14C dates suggest that the PL2 eruption occurred ~10,200 cal BP, which makes it a valuable isochrone for early Holocene climate fluctuations and permits direct links between terrestrial and marine paleoenvironmental records. The terrestrial and marine 14C dates related to the PL2 tephra have allowed us to estimate an early Holocene reservoir age for the western Bering Sea at 1,410 ± 64 14C years. Another important tephra from the early Holocene eruptive episode of Plosky volcano, coded PL1, was dated at 11,650 cal BP. This marker is the oldest geochemically characterized and dated tephra marker layer in Kamchatka to date and is an important local marker for the Younger Dryas—early Holocene transition. One more tephra from Plosky, coded PL3, can be used as a marker northeast of the source at a distance of ~110 km.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00531-013-0898-0
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    THE INTCAL20 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE (0–55 CAL kBP) (2020)
    Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Radiocarbon, 62 (4). pp. 725-757.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP) (2020)
    Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Radiocarbon, 62 (4). pp. 779-820.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The concentration of radiocarbon (14C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-average marine record of radiocarbon from 0–55 cal kBP and serves as a baseline for regional oceanic variation. Marine20 is intended for calibration of marine radiocarbon samples from non-polar regions; it is not suitable for calibration in polar regions where variability in sea ice extent, ocean upwelling and air-sea gas exchange may have caused larger changes to concentrations of marine radiocarbon. The Marine20 curve is based upon 500 simulations with an ocean/atmosphere/biosphere box-model of the global carbon cycle that has been forced by posterior realizations of our Northern Hemispheric atmospheric IntCal20 14C curve and reconstructed changes in CO2 obtained from ice core data. These forcings enable us to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and temporal changes in the atmospheric 14C level. The box-model simulations of the global-average marine radiocarbon reservoir age are similar to those of a more complex three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. However, simplicity and speed of the box model allow us to use a Monte Carlo approach to rigorously propagate the uncertainty in both the historic concentration of atmospheric 14C and other key parameters of the carbon cycle through to our final Marine20 calibration curve. This robust propagation of uncertainty is fundamental to providing reliable precision for the radiocarbon age calibration of marine based samples. We make a first step towards deconvolving the contributions of different processes to the total uncertainty; discuss the main differences of Marine20 from the previous age calibration curve Marine13; and identify the limitations of our approach together with key areas for further work. The updated values for ΔR, the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir age corrections required to calibrate against Marine20, can be found at the data base http://calib.org/marine/.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.68
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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