Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environment: Hydrologic Impacts -- 1 Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material Used for Construction of Pavements -- Plastic Cell -- Cement -- Soil and Moorum -- Crushed Aggregate for Surface Layer -- Crushed Aggregate for WBM Subbase -- Soil-Cement Mix for Subbase Layer -- Mix Composition and Strength of Cement Concrete -- Roller Compacted Concrete -- Construction of Test Sections -- Preparation of Subgrade -- Construction of Subbase -- Construction of Surface Layer -- Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Using Falling Weight Deflectometer -- Using Benkelman Beam -- Comparison of Deflections Measured Using Benkelman Beam Method and FWD -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Global Warming Issues-Need for Sustainable Drainage System in Urban Areas-Green Construction Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indian Climate and Monsoon -- Reasons of Global Warming -- Literature Review -- Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement -- Permeable Asphalt -- Permeable Concrete -- Concrete for Sustainable Development -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Bio-environment -- 3 Water Hyacinth: A Useful Plant to Improve Rural Economy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Control and Its Applications -- Practical Utilization of Water Hyacinth -- References -- 4 Growth, Biomass and Carbon Sequestration by Trees in Nutrient-Deficient Bhata Land Soil of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Growth and Biomass of Different Tree Species -- CO2 Sequestration of Different Tree Species -- Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Tree Species -- Conclusion -- References. , 5 Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth of Different Bacterial Species -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Performance of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell Using Earthenware Separator -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Operating Principle of MFC -- Methodology -- MFC Construction -- MFC Operation -- Preparation of Earthenware Separator -- Analysis and Calculation -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Characterization of Separator -- EDS Analysis -- Power Production in MFC -- Coulombic Efficiency -- Polarization Study and Internal Resistance -- Wastewater Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Chemical Environment -- 7 Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Materials -- Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles -- Characterization Techniques -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Superiority of Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Over Existing Reactor Arrangements for Chemical Looping Combustion-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) -- CLC Requirements -- Existing Reactor Configuration for CLC -- Issues Related to the Existing Interconnected Reactors Arrangement -- Bed Particle Attrition -- Loop-Seal Operation -- Heat Losses -- Cluster Formation -- Gas Bypassing -- Short Residence Time -- Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Design for CLC -- Working -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Enhancing N Use Efficiency and Reducing N2O Emission by Coating Urea with Newly Identified Bio-Molecule (C20H30O2), Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Protocol for the Preparation of Nano-ZnO and Nano-rock Phosphate Coated Urea. , Pot Culture Experiment on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Experimental Details and Measurement of N2O Emission -- Statistical Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Nutrient Content of Coated Fertilizers -- Impact of Urea Coated with Pine Oleoresin, Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Trends in N2O Emission During Incubation Period -- Cumulative Emission of N2O from Coated Fertilizers -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Gamma Radiation Technology for Hygienization of Municipal Dry Sewage Sludge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Environment: Social Environment -- 11 Participatory Approach for Corporate Social Responsibility Plan in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Socio-economic Baseline Data for CSR Plan -- Participatory Survey -- Participatory Approach -- Team Building -- Other Impacts -- Steps in Conducting CSR -- CSR Methods and Tools -- Examples of Questions to Be Addressed in CSR Planning -- Sources of Information -- The CSR Plan Requires Both Primary and Secondary Data -- Data Collection Methods for Preparing CSR Plan -- Qualitative Methods -- Quantitative Methods -- Reference -- Energy: Solar Energy -- 12 Solar-Powered Cold Storage System for Horticultural Crops -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Solar PV Powered Refrigeration System -- Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Panel System -- Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) -- Battery Bank -- Sensor for Temperature and RH Controller in Cold Storage -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Feasibility of Solar Pumps for Salt Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Process of Salt Production -- Highlights of Yearly Cycle -- Components Involved in the System -- Operation of Solar Water Pumping System. , Net Present Value for Solar Versus Diesel -- Features for Safe Future -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Energy: Hydropower -- 14 Development of Uttarakhand Using Alternative Energy Source as Micro Hydropower -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective of the Study -- Study Area -- Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Problems Faced by the Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Kotabagh Micro Hydro Power Project Description and Its Problems -- Results and Conclusion -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Selected References -- 15 Comparative Studies on Performance of Commercially Available High-Power PC-LED Bulbs Under Tropical Conditions -- Abstract -- Introduction to Solid State Lighting -- Standard Research Methodology "Useful Life" of High-Power PC-LED -- Proposed Experimental Setup and Methodology -- Lumen Depreciation Measurement -- Ambient and Body Temperature of High-Power PC-LED -- Results Obtained -- Outcome and Further Research work -- References -- 16 Design and Development of Pedal Operated Flour Mill with Multi-Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Energy: Biogas -- 17 Development of Family Size FRP Biogas Plant Based on Kitchen Waste -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 A Computer-Based Expert System to Design Deenbandhu Biogas Plant -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Procedure -- Data Collection -- Assumptions for Model -- Validation and Evaluation of Expert System -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Prosopis juliflora-A Potential Problematic Weed for Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods. , Results and Discussion -- Composition of Biomass -- Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment -- Selection of Optimal Pretreatment Conditions -- Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- Fermentation Profile of Enzymatic Hydrolysate -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Oil Extraction, Biodiesel Production and CI Engine Investigation Using Madhuca indica Methyl Ester -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oil Extraction Process -- Biodiesel Production -- Cloth Filtering -- Caustic Pre-treatment -- Acid Pre-treatment -- Transesterification Process -- Comparison of Properties of Diesel and Biodiesel -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 21 Design and Development of Producer Gas-Based Heat Exchanger for Drying Application -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Performance Evaluation of Updraft Gasifier -- Development of Single Pass Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Design Parameters of Updraft Biomass Gasifier and Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Fuel Consumption Rate on Producer Gas Composition and Calorific Value for Various Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate, and Gas Flow Rate on Air Outlet Temperature of Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate on LMTD, Heat Transfer Area, and Heat Exchanger Effectiveness Using Different Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate and Fuel Consumption Rate on Dryer Inlet Hot Air Temperature Using Different Biomass -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 Carbon Storage Potential in Dominant Trees of Koraput District of Odisha -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Sampling and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) -- Above Ground Carbon (AGC). , Conclusions.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Wastewater Treatment -- 1 Investigation on the Treatment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Wastewater and Its Safe Use in Agriculture-A Green Technology Concept -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Preparation of Biocarbon -- Collection and Analysis Grey Water -- Treatment of Grey Water: Biosorption Process -- Evaluation of Capacity of Biocarbon -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Biocarbon (BC) -- Surface Analysis -- Characteristics of Grey Water and Treated Water -- Effect of Biocarbon Dose on Heavy Metals Removal -- Removal of Colour from a Grey Water -- Water Reuse in Agriculture Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Arsenic-Free Drinking Water Supply, Disposal of Backwash Water and Exhausted Media in Bihar, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Arsenic Pollution in Bihar -- Mitigation Techniques Adopted -- Probable Waste Disposal Strategies -- Status of Waste Disposal in Bihar -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Simultaneous Removal of Arsenic and Nitrate in Anaerobic Batch Reactors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Setup -- Inoculum and Starting up -- Analytical Methods -- Results -- Nitrate and Arsenic Removal -- Characterization of Precipitates -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Oxyanions Removal by Biological Processes: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Occurrence and Sources of Oxyanions -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Conventional Treatment Strategies for Oxyanions -- Overview of Biological Oxyanion Removal -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Factors Affecting Oxyanion Removal -- Temperature -- PH. , Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) -- COD/Oxyanion Ratio -- COD/Sulfate -- COD/Nitrate -- COD/Perchlorate -- Simultaneous Removal of Multiple Oxyanion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Factors Influencing Electrocoagulation Treatment of UASB Reactor Effluent -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental -- Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Model Development and Validation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Performance Evaluation of Filters for Sedimentation Particle Filtration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Particle Size Distribution -- Particles Filtration Efficiency -- Results -- Particle Size Distribution -- Different Particle Sizes -- Particle Volume Distribution -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Magnetic Extracellular Polymer Composite for the Effective Removal of Microcystin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Chemical and Reagent -- Screening and Culturing of Polymer-Producing Microorganisms -- Preparation of Magnetic-Induced ECP -- Removal of Microcystin-LR -- Results and Discussion -- Characterization of Matrices -- Separation of Microcystin-LR by ECP-Fe2O3 -- Characterization of MC-LR -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Bioremediation of Chromium Complex Dye by Growing Aspergillus flavus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Bioremediation Study in Batch Mode -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Response Surface Optimization -- Combined Effect of Different Parameters on Color Removal -- Confirmatory Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Biosorption as a Novel Approach for Removing Aluminium from Water Treatment Plant Residual-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Biosorption as a Promising Alternative -- Aluminium Removal Through Biosorption -- Conclusion -- References. , 10 Catalytic Oxidation of Sulphide Laden Tannery Wastewater Without Sludge Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problems Associated with Presence of Sulphide in Effluent -- Treatment of Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Materials and Methods -- Source and Collection of Lime Sulphide Liquor and Methods -- Materials -- Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon (NPAC) -- Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Wastewater -- Treatment Methods for Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of NPAC -- Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) -- Optimization of pH -- Optimization of H2O2 -- Optimization of NPAC (Nanoporous Activated Carbon) -- Overall Processes -- Instrumental Analyses -- Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV-Visible Spectroscopic Studies -- FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Textile Industry by Electrocoagulation and Fenton Oxidation: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dyes -- Classification of Dyes -- Classification Based on the Source of Materials -- Classification Based on Industrial Use of the Dyes -- Usage of Various Dyes in Textile Industries -- Dyeing Wastewater from Textile Industry -- Electrocoagulation -- Mechanism of Electrocoagulation -- Application of Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Fenton Oxidation Process (H2O2/Fe2+) -- Application of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Methods in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollutants on Partially Saturated Soil Media in Batch System: Morphological Analysis Using SEM Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Kitchen Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland Microcosm Using Aquatic Macrophytes -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Experimental Plants -- Experimental Set-up for Greywater Treatment -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Greywater Quality in FWS Microcosm -- Greywater Quality in VSF Microcosm -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Analytical Methods -- Characterization of Vegetable Tannin Wastewater -- Aerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Analysis -- Results -- Characterization of Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater -- Aerobic Treatment of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- FTIR Analysis of VTW Before and After Aerobic Treatment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Biodegradability of Syntans Using Ozonation as a Pretreatment Process -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Ozonation Studies -- Experiment Setup for Biodegradation of Syntans Under Aerobic Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater-Sulfone and Phenol Based -- Ozonation Studies -- Optimization of Contact Time for Phenol-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Optimization of Contact Time for Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Assessment of Biological Treatment of Phenol- and Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater Before and After Ozonation -- Assessment of Biodegradability Before and After Ozonation of Sulfone-Based Syntan -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Treatment of Synthetic Petroleum Refinery Wastewater in Anoxic Reactors at Varied Feed Phenol -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Materials. , Chemicals and Reagents -- Biomass Support Material -- Experimental Methodologies -- Seed Sludge -- Synthetic Feed -- Acclimatization of the Anoxic Reactors -- Reactor Operations with Varying Phenol -- Kinetics Study -- Analytical Methods -- Microscopic Images -- Results and Discussion -- Steady-State Performance of the Anoxic Reactors During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Removal Kinetics of Phenol, Sulphide, Nitrate, Organic COD During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Fluoride Pollution Abatement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Fluoride -- Effects of Fluoride -- Effects on Humans -- Effects on Teeth -- Skeletal Effects -- Cancer -- Status of Fluoride Contamination Around the Globe -- The World Scenario -- Indian Scenario -- Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal -- Water Supply Scheme by PHED, West Bengal -- Objective of the Study -- Remedial Material -- Alumina and Aluminum -- Activated Alumina -- Various Removal Methods of Fluoride -- Alternate Water Sources -- Better Nutrition -- De-fluoridation of Water -- Adsorption -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Ion Exchange -- Limitations -- Coagulation-Precipitation -- Advantages -- Limitations -- A Special Case of Co-precipitation is Nalgonda Technique Which is Briefly Described Below -- Nalgonda Technique -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Membrane Process -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Electro-Coagulation Process -- An Experimental Data Collection From Some Fluoride-Affected Area of Birbhum -- Background -- The Study Area -- Primary Data Collection -- Methodology -- Aim -- Methodology -- Sample Preparation and Collection -- Measurement of Fluoride -- De-fluoridation -- Mechanism -- Apparatus Required -- Solution Required -- Development of De-fluoridation Filtration Unit -- Preparation of the Filter Bed. , Details of the Process Are Described Below.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Groundwater -- 1 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Jaisamand Basin of Udaipur District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of Study Area -- Data acquisition -- Software Used -- Determination of Aquifer Parameters by Pumping Test -- Analyzing Pumping Test Data by Curve-matching Technique -- Groundwater Potential Assessment by Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Selection of Thematic Layers -- Generation of Thematic Layers -- Groundwater Recharge Map -- Transmissivity Map -- Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones -- Suitable Strategies for Sustainable Groundwater Resources Management -- Results and Discussion -- Aquifer Parameters -- Estimation of Aquifer Parameters -- Groundwater Recharge -- Features of Different Thematic Maps -- Groundwater Potential Zoning -- Weights for thematic maps -- Groundwater Potential Zones -- Groundwater Resources Management -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Groundwater Level: A Case Study of Wainganga Sub-basin, Nagpur, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Ordinary Kriging -- Results and Discussion -- Temporal Analysis -- Spatial Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Spatio-Temporal Variation and Trend Analysis of Groundwater Level in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Spatiotemporal Relationship Linking Land Use/Land Cover with Groundwater Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data -- Methodology -- Base Map Creation -- Groundwater Level Kriging -- Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) Classification -- Grid Generation. , Overlay Analysis -- Results -- Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Level -- LU/LC Classification -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Groundwater System Modelling and Sensitivity of Groundwater Level Prediction in Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plains -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Groundwater System Simulation -- Study Area -- Geology of Study Area -- MODFLOW Model Design and Software -- Model Calibration and Validation -- Steady-State Calibration -- Transient State Calibration -- Model Validation -- Results and Discussion -- Groundwater Level Prediction -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model Coupling with Hydrochemical Parameters in Hard Rock Area from Southern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Data Collection -- DRASTIC Model -- Results and Discussion -- DRASTIC Model Parameters -- Depth to Groundwater Table -- Recharge -- Aquifer Yields -- Soil Media -- Topography -- Impact of Vadose Zone -- Conductivity -- Vulnerable Map Using the DRASTIC Model -- Validation Aquifer Vulnerability -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Recharge -- 7 Development of Groundwater Recharge Plan for Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh Using GIS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Paleochannel Recharge Sources in the Central Godavari Delta, A.P., India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Irrigation Canal Network -- Hydrogeology -- Identified Paleochannel -- Sampling and Analysis -- Stable Isotope Characterization -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Change of Land Use/Land Cover on Groundwater Recharge in Malaprabha Catchment, Belagavi, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Study Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Rainfall Analysis -- Infiltration and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity -- Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Empirical Methods -- Modelling -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Quality -- 10 Causes and Sources of Groundwater Pollution: A Case Study of Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Modeling Leachate Migration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Experimental Study -- Leachate Quality Analysis -- Soil Column Test to Determine the Parameters -- Analytical Model -- Assumptions -- Initial Conditions -- Boundary Conditions -- Numerical Model -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Identification of Hydrogeochemical Process in Hard Rock Terrain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Geology of the Study Area -- Sample Collection -- Analytical Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Hydrogeochemical Process -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Major Ion Chemistry -- Water Quality Assessment -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Cations -- Anions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Spatial and Temporal Nitrate Transport in Deep Heterogeneous Vadose Zone of India's Alluvial Plain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Governing Equations for Flow -- Governing Equations for Solute Transport -- Model Domain and Boundary Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Riverbank Filtration as a Sustainable Solution for Drinking Water Quality and Quantity Problems in Haridwar, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area Description -- Hydrogeological Settings -- Materials and Method -- Water Sampling and Detailed Methodology. , Water Quality Analysis of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters -- Results of Water Quality Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 A Study of the Characteristics of Groundwater Solute Transport Parameters -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Present Study and Objectives -- Mathematical Background -- Case Studies -- Injection/Pumping Well Problem -- 3-D Waste Dump Problem -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Prioritization for Management of Groundwater Quality-Related Problems of Rajsamand District of Rajasthan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Location -- Geomorphology and Drainage -- Rainfall and Climate -- Soil, Land Use and Irrigation Practices -- Physiography and Geology -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Groundwater Samples -- Results -- Well Depth -- Water Level -- Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) -- PH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Cationic Composition -- Anionic Composition -- Classification of Groundwater for Irrigation Suitability -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Effect of Biochar Amendment on Nitrate Leaching in Two Soil Types of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Details -- Preparation of Soil Columns -- Biochar Amendment -- Soil Columns Incubation and Leaching -- Results and Discussion -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Vertisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Vertisol -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in and Around Laharpur Reservoir, Bhopal -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Frequency -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion. , References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- Coastal Reservoirs: A Technology That Can Quench Indian Thirst -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Problems and Water Availability -- 3 Proposed Coastal Reservoirs -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Heavy Metal Accumulation in Dominant Edible Fish Species of River Kolab in Koraput District of Odisha, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection for Finfish Diversity Study -- 2.3 Heavy Metal Analysis -- 2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Water Quality -- 3.2 Fish Diversity -- 3.3 Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fishes -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Water Quality -- 4.2 Fish Diversity -- 4.3 Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fishes -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- 7 Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Cake and Membrane Filtration in Mitigating Global Water Demand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of DW and Involvement of Arsenic -- 2.1 Toxic Effects of Arsenic to Human Health -- 3 Possible Water Clarification and Desalination -- 4 Conventional Wastewater Treatment -- 5 Wetland for Wastewater Treatment -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- Potential for Use of Treated Waste Water for Industrial Reuse in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wastewater-A Growing Resource -- 3 Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation Technology Application in the Indian Subcontinent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Health Impact of Long Time Consumption of Arsenic Contaminated Water -- 3 Chemistry of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 4 Geogenic Occurrence of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 5 Testing as the First Step Towards a Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation Strategy -- 6 Arsenic Removal Technologies as a Mitigation Strategy. , 6.1 Adsorption Arsenic Removal Systems -- 6.2 Community Systems Using Coagulation Followed by Filtration -- 6.3 Application of Membrane Systems -- 6.4 In Situ in Ground Based Arsenic Immobilization Technologies -- 7 Concluding Remarks Towards Technology Application in the Subcontinent -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Co-Treatment of Three Herbicides Mixture in Water: A Comprehensive Study on Biotransformation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methodology -- 2.1 Reactor Set-Up and Operation -- 2.2 Determination of Herbicides Intermediate Compounds -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Treatment of 2,4-D, Ametryn and Dicamba Mixtures in ASBR -- 3.2 Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Three Herbicide Mixtures -- 4 Recommendations for Future Study -- References -- Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies with Recycling and Reuse Issues in India Leading to Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Common Effluent Treatment Plants -- 1.2 Problem Statement -- 1.3 Technology Trends -- 1.4 Regulatory Trends -- 2 Wastewater Management and Treatment Practices in India in Industrial and Municipal Sector -- 2.1 Treatment Methodology -- 2.2 Technological Aspects -- 3 Zero Liquid Discharge Concept and Case Study Example -- 3.1 Process Schematic (in General) for a ZLD Project -- 3.2 Solar Based Application in ZLD -- 3.3 Application Areas -- 4 Case Study of Recycle and Reuse Leading to Zero Liquid Discharge -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Wastewater and Its Impacts in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wastewater Production and Treatment-Current Status -- 3 Common Treatment Options -- 4 Wastewater Recycling and Reuse-Sustainable Treatment Options -- 5 Legal Framework for Wastewater Sector in India -- 6 Policy Framework for Wastewater Sector in India. , 7 Challenges of Wastewater Sector in India -- 8 Conclusions -- 9 Recommendations -- References -- Wastewater Remediation -- Nutrient Loading Impact on Remediation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Groundwater Using Constructed Wetland -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Constructed Wetlands-Literature Updates -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Experimental Investigation -- 3.2 CW2D-HYDRUS Simulation Run -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Municipal Wastewater-A Remedy for Water Stress in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges to Indian Water Supply System -- 3 Municipal Wastewater Generation and Its Treatment Capacity -- 4 Characteristics of Municipal Wastewater -- 4.1 Oxygen-Demanding Substances -- 4.2 Nutrients -- 4.3 Suspended Solids -- 4.4 Emerging Contaminants -- 4.5 Pathogens (Bacterial Parameter) -- 5 Conventional Technologies for Municipal Wastewater Treatment -- 5.1 Preliminary Treatment -- 5.2 Primary Treatment -- 5.3 Secondary Biological Treatment -- 5.4 Challenges in the Removal of Emerging Contaminants (EC) in STPs Using Conventional Technologies -- 6 Advanced Secondary Biological Treatment Technologies -- 6.1 Fluidized Bed Reactor -- 6.2 Membrane Bioreactor -- 6.3 Fluidized Immobilized Carbon Catalytic Oxidation (FICCO) Reactor -- 6.4 Chemoautotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) Reactor -- 7 Tertiary Treatment -- 7.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 7.2 Pressure Sand Filter -- 7.3 Activated Carbon Filter -- 7.4 Membrane Separation Processes -- 7.5 Disinfectants -- 8 Reuse of Treated Sewage Water -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Biosorptive Removal of a Herbicide, Glyphosate Using Waste Activated Sludge of Tannery Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Biosorbent Preparation -- 2.3 Glyphosate Determination -- 2.4 Sorption Experiments. , 2.5 Biosorbent Surface Characterization -- 2.6 Biosorption Study of Glyphosate in Simulated Municipal Wastewater -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Experimental Variables of Biosorption Process Optimization -- 3.2 Surface Characterization of Biosorbent -- 3.3 Zeta Potential -- 3.4 BET-Surface Area -- 3.5 FESEM Analysis -- 3.6 FT-IR Spectroscopy -- 3.7 XPS Spectroscopy -- 3.8 Glyphosate Removal from Simulated Municipal Wastewater -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Wastewater Treatment Processes with Special Reference to Activated Sludge Process in Indian Conditions for Water Use Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Activated Sludge Process -- 3 Factors Affecting Activated Sludge Process -- 3.1 Advantage of Aerobic Treatment Systems -- 3.2 Disadvantages of Aerobic Treatment Systems -- 4 Evaluation of Activated Sludge Process Based Sewage Treatment Plant at Okhla, New Delhi -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Assessment of Water Resources in Development of Rajasthan -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Demand for Water in Rajasthan -- 2 Ground Water Resource Management -- 2.1 Groundwater System Monitoring -- 2.2 Monitoring of Water Level -- 2.3 Water Quality Monitoring -- 2.4 Control of Groundwater Development -- 2.5 Control and Equity -- 2.6 Options for Conjunctive Use -- 2.7 Hand Dug Wells -- 2.8 Small Capacity Tube Wells -- 2.9 Large Capacity Tube Wells -- 3 Water Resource Exploitation -- 4 Water Pollution -- 5 Water Supply: Approaches and Issues -- 6 Water Supply: Problems -- 6.1 Affordability -- 6.2 Privatisation -- 6.3 Technological Options -- 6.4 Application of Duckweed for Disposal of Municipal Waste -- 7 Case Study -- 7.1 Udaipur -- 7.2 Jaipur -- 7.3 Jodhpur -- 8 Precautions -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Waste and Sustainability. , Sustainable Construction Practices for Residential Buildings to Reduce the Water Footprint -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 2.1 Direct and Indirect Water Footprint in Building Construction -- 3 Material and Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Stages of Building Construction -- 4.2 Schedule of Construction Stages -- 4.3 Water Consumption in Different Construction Stages -- 4.4 Water Resource Management and Optimization -- 4.5 Water Consumption -- 4.6 Water Wastage and Recycling [25, 26] -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Water Resources Availability and Its Teleconnection with Large Scale Climatic Oscillations Over Godavari River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Streamflow and Large Scale Climatic Oscillation -- 3 Study Area and Data Used -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Wavelet Analysis: Background -- 4.2 Wavelet Coherence Analysis -- 4.3 Flow Duration Curve -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and SST -- 5.2 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and IOD -- 5.3 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and ISMI -- 5.4 Water Availability Over Godavari River -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Update, Conclusions and Recommendations for "Wastewater Assessment, Treatment, Reuse and Development in India" -- 1 Background -- 2 Update -- 2.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- 2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- 2.3 Wastewater Remediation -- 2.4 Waste and Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions -- 3.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- 3.2 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- 3.3 Wastewater Remediation -- 3.4 Waste and Sustainability -- 4 Recommendations -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Pollution -- 1 Socioeconomic Environment Assessment for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Types of Data Collected -- Tools of Data Collection -- Data Collection Analysis -- Personal Profile -- Age -- Sex -- Marital Status -- Literacy -- Occupation -- Assessment and Mitigation -- Impact Assessment -- Topography and Land Use -- Drainage -- Air Environment -- Water Environment -- Impacts of Ecology -- Impacts on Soil and Agriculture -- Land Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Research Need on Environmental Gains in Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relocation -- Protected Areas -- Classification of Protected Areas -- Need for Conservation of Biodiversity -- Need for Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Need for Study of Environmental Gains Due to CIR -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Environmental Issues Due to Fire in Coal Mines: Its Impact and Suggestions for Implementing Precautionary and Control Measures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Pollution -- Case Study -- Location -- Geology of the Seam -- Scientific Investigation -- Results and Discussion -- Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Redevelopment of Urban Slum Dwellings: Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background and Need of Study -- Housing Scenario in India -- Requirements to Achieve the Vision by 2022 -- Strategies for Increasing Supply of Affordable Housing -- Strategies for Optimum Use of Existing Land Resources by Encouraging Redevelopment -- Strategies for Improving Quality of Life, Overall Living Standards with Concern for Environment -- Strategies for Ease of Doing Business -- Objectives of the Study. , Methodology -- Study Area -- Current Project -- Flat Scheme for Slum Rehabilitation -- Detail of Money Contribution -- Sanctioned Cost of Single House Type A -- Pandharabodi Area -- Problems on Site During Construction -- Time Overrun -- Causes of Time Overrun -- Material Quality and Quantity -- Scarcity of Skilled Labour -- Problems During Operation -- Grouping of work -- Work Breakdown Structure for 75 Houses -- Limitation -- Conclusions and Findings -- References -- 5 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality in Green Buildings -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) -- Effect of Poor IEQ on Human Health -- Parameters of IEQ -- Building Characteristics -- Thermal Comfort -- Visual Comfort -- Acoustic Comfort -- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Meteorological Factors Influencing Dispersion of Vehicular Pollution in a Typical Highway Condition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Site Characteristics -- Traffic Characteristics -- CALINE 4 Model Description -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Results and Discussion -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Study of Air and Noise Pollution in Mega Cities of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Exposure on Health -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Pollution Indicators -- 8 A Critical Review on Air Quality Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective -- Air Quality Index (AQI) -- Definition -- Classification of Indices -- US EPA Air Quality Index -- The Mitre Air Quality Index (MAQI) -- Application of the MAQI -- Extreme Value Index (EVI) -- Application of the EVI -- Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) -- Application of the ORAQI -- Air Quality Depreciation Index -- Air Quality Index Worldwide -- Air Quality Index China. , Air Quality Index United States -- I maxi Ii -- Air Quality Index India -- NAAQS Dependent Air Quality Index -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Aquatic Insects as Pollution Indicator-A Study in Cachar, Assam, Northeast India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods of Collection and Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Aquatic Insects -- Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Different Regions Along Road Network, Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Variations of Traffic Composition -- Variations of Air Pollutant Concentration -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Spatial Distribution and Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Swell-Shrink Soils of Madhya Pradesh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Description of Study Area -- Collection of Soil Samples -- Chemical Analysis of Soils -- Soil pH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Oxidizable Organic Carbon -- Calcium Carbonate -- Total Heavy Metal Concentration -- Determination of Baseline Concentrations of Metals -- Results and Discussion -- Soil Characteristics -- Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals -- Baseline Concentrations of Heavy Metals -- Correlation Coefficient Between Heavy Metals and Soil Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Associative Study of Aerosol Pollution, Precipitation and Vegetation in Indian Region (2000-2013) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Datasets Used -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Fuzzy Logic Based Performance Evaluation of EIA Reports for Hydroelectric Projects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives and Scope -- Methodology. , Fuzzy Logic Based Expert Rule System -- Result and Discussion -- Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Dibbin Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Pauk Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Ting Ting Hydroelectric Project, Sikkim -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background of Nagpur City -- Noise Prediction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Evaluation of Traffic Noise -- Data Extraction -- Traffic Noise Modelling -- Reference Energy Mean Emission Level -- Volume and Speed Correction -- Distance Correction -- Results and Discussions -- Data Analysis -- Spectral Analysis of Junction and Highway Traffic -- Model Illustration -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Time-Dependent Study of Electromagnetic Field and Indoor Meteorological Parameters in Individual Working Environment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An EMF and Indoor Meteorological Parameters -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Working and Non-working Hours -- Contour -- Additional Measurements -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Fish Biodiversity and Its Periodic Reduction: A Case Study of River Narmada in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Site S1: Shahganj -- Site S2: Bandrabhan (Sangam) -- Site S3: Budhni Ghat -- Site S4: Moukala -- Site S5: Holipur -- Fish Collection and Identification -- Result. , Present Scenario of Fish Diversity of River Narmada at Hoshangabad -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fresh Water Ecosystem-A Case Study of Kappithodu in Kerala -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Degradation of Heptachlor by High-Carbon Iron Filings (HCIF) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Generation of Pollution -- 19 Biomedical Waste Generation and Management in Public Sector Hospital in Shimla City -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Management of Biomedical Waste -- Methodology -- Observation -- Questionnaire Session -- Management and Implementation at Public Sector Hospital -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Fuel Loss and Related Emissions Due to Idling of Motorized Vehicles at a Major Intersection in Delhi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Fuel Consumption Measurement -- Emission Estimation Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Emission Inventorisation and Modelling of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrol Distribution Centres in an Urban Area -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Site -- Data Collection -- Emission Load Estimation -- Air Quality Dispersion Modelling -- Results and Discussion -- NMVOCs Emission Load -- NMVOCs Concentrations Prediction -- Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues from a Thermal Power Station of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Selection of Thermal Power Station -- Geographical Location and Study Area Details. , Ash Pond and Ash Handling System.