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  • 1
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    Studies of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago water transport and its relationship to basin-local forcings : results from AO-FVCOM (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121 (2016): 4392–4415, doi:10.1002/2016JC011634.
    Description: A high-resolution (up to 2 km), unstructured-grid, fully coupled Arctic sea ice-ocean Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (AO-FVCOM) was employed to simulate the flow and transport through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) over the period 1978–2013. The model-simulated CAA outflow flux was in reasonable agreement with the flux estimated based on measurements across Davis Strait, Nares Strait, Lancaster Sound, and Jones Sounds. The model was capable of reproducing the observed interannual variability in Davis Strait and Lancaster Sound. The simulated CAA outflow transport was highly correlated with the along-strait and cross-strait sea surface height (SSH) difference. Compared with the wind forcing, the sea level pressure (SLP) played a dominant role in establishing the SSH difference and the correlation of the CAA outflow with the cross-strait SSH difference can be explained by a simple geostrophic balance. The change in the simulated CAA outflow transport through Davis Strait showed a negative correlation with the net flux through Fram Strait. This correlation was related to the variation of the spatial distribution and intensity of the slope current over the Beaufort Sea and Greenland shelves. The different basin-scale surface forcings can increase the model uncertainty in the CAA outflow flux up to 15%. The daily adjustment of the model elevation to the satellite-derived SSH in the North Atlantic region outside Fram Strait could produce a larger North Atlantic inflow through west Svalbard and weaken the outflow from the Arctic Ocean through east Greenland.
    Description: NSF Grant Numbers: OCE-1203393, PLR-1203643; National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Number: 41276197; Shanghai Pujiang Program Grant Number: 12PJ1404100; Shanghai Shuguang Program
    Description: 2016-12-25
    Keywords: Water transport ; Canadian Arctic Archipelago ; Atmospheric forcing ; Sea surface height
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    A finite volume numerical approach for coastal ocean circulation studies : comparisons with finite difference models (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): C03018, doi:10.1029/2006JC003485.
    Description: An unstructured grid, finite volume, three-dimensional (3-D) primitive equation coastal ocean model (FVCOM) has been developed for the study of coastal ocean and estuarine circulation by Chen et al. (2003a). The finite volume method used in this model combines the advantage of finite element methods for geometric flexibility and finite difference methods for simple discrete computation. Currents, temperature, and salinity are computed using an integral form of the equations, which provides a better representation of the conservative laws for mass, momentum, and heat. Detailed comparisons are presented here of FVCOM simulations with analytical solutions and numerical simulations made with two popular finite difference models (the Princeton Ocean Model and Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Model (ECOM-si)) for the following idealized cases: wind-induced long-surface gravity waves in a circular lake, tidal resonance in rectangular and sector channels, freshwater discharge onto the continental shelf with curved and straight coastlines, and the thermal bottom boundary layer over the slope with steep bottom topography. With a better fit to the curvature of the coastline using unstructured nonoverlapping triangle grid cells, FVCOM provides improved numerical accuracy and correctly captures the physics of tide-, wind-, and buoyancy-induced waves and flows in the coastal ocean. This model is suitable for applications to estuaries, continental shelves, and regional basins that feature complex coastlines and bathymetry.
    Description: This research was supported by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program through NSF grants OCE-0234545, OCE-0227679, NOAA grant NA 160P2323, and NSF CoOP grant OCE-0196543 to C. Chen and NSF OCE-0227679 and the WHOI Smith Chair to R. C. Beardsley. H. Huang and Q. Xu were supported by Chen’s Georgia and South Carolina Sea Grant awards NA06RG0029 and NA960P0113. G. Cowles was supported by the SMAST fishery program through NOAA grants DOC/NOAA/NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/NOAA/NA05NMF4721131.
    Keywords: Finite volume model ; Numerical methods ; Coastal ocean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    A model-dye comparison experiment in the tidal mixing front zone on the southern flank of Georges Bank (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C02005, doi:10.1029/2007JC004106.
    Description: A process-oriented model-dye comparison experiment was conducted to examine the ability of a numerical ocean model to simulate the observed movement of dye across the tidal mixing front on the southern flank of Georges Bank during 22–26 May 1999. The experiment was made using the unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) with varying horizontal resolution. The results indicate that the observed cross-isobath movement of the dye patch was primarily controlled by meso-scale temporal and spatial variability of the water temperature and salinity fields. Onset of vertical stratification tended to slow down an upward stretching of the dye column and trapped the dye within the bottom mixed layer. To reach a convergent numerical solution that reproduced the observed lateral turbulent dispersion of dye, the FVCOM grid required a horizontal resolution of ∼500 m in the dye study region. Within the tidal mixing front of Georges Bank, the movement of the center of the dye patch was mainly driven by the ensemble velocity integrated over the dye volume, with a first-order contribution from vertical shear of the dye's horizontal velocity.
    Description: This research was supported by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program NSF (OCE-0234545; OCE-0227679) and NOAA grants (NA-16OP2323) to Changsheng Chen and Qixchun Xu, NSF grant (OCE-0236270) to Robert Houghton, and the Smith Chair in Coastal Oceanography and NOAA grant (NA-17RJ1223) to R.C. Beardsley. The experiments were conducted using the Linux cluster computers of the Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Modeling Laboratory at the School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts- Dartmouth, funded by the SMAST Fishery Program through NOAA grants DOC/NOAA/NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/NOAA/NA05NMF4721131.
    Keywords: Model-dye comparison ; Tidal mixing front ; Lateral diffusion
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Reply to comment on “Current separation and upwelling over the southeast shelf of Vietnam in the South China Sea” (2013)
    John Wiley & Sons
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 118 (2013): 1624, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20114.
    Description: 2013-09-30
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Impact of current-wave interaction on storm surge simulation : a case study for Hurricane Bob (2013)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 2685–2701, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20207.
    Description: Hurricane Bob moved up the U.S. east coast and crossed over southern New England and the Gulf of Maine [with peak marine winds up to 54 m/s (100 mph)] on 19–20 August 1991, causing significant damage along the coast and shelf. A 3-D fully wave-current-coupled finite-volume community ocean model system was developed and applied to simulate and examine the coastal ocean responses to Hurricane Bob. Results from process study-oriented experiments showed that the impact of wave-current interaction on surge elevation varied in space and time, more significant over the shelf than inside the inner bays. While sea level change along the coast was mainly driven by the water flux controlled by barotropic dynamics and the vertically integrated highest water transports were essentially the same for cases with and without water stratification, the hurricane-induced wave-current interaction could generate strong vertical current shear in the stratified areas, leading to a strong offshore transport near the bottom and vertical turbulent mixing over the continental shelf. Stratification could also result in a significant difference of water currents around islands where the water is not vertically well mixed.
    Description: This work was supported by the MIT Sea Grant College Program through grant 2012-R/RC-127 and the NOAA NERACOOS Program funds for NECOFS. The development of the FVCOM system has been supported by the NSF Ocean Sciences Division through grants OCE-0234545, OCE-0227679, OCE-0606928, and OCE- 0712903 and the NSF Office of Polar Programs-Arctic Sciences Division through grants ARC0712903, ARC0732084, ARC0804029, and ARC1203393. C.C.’s contribution was also supported by Shanghai Ocean University International Cooperation Program (A-2302-11-0003), the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09320503700), and the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J50702).
    Description: 2013-11-30
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic modeling ; Surface waves and tides ; Tsunamis ; Storm surges
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Extratropical storm inundation testbed : intermodel comparisons in Scituate, Massachusetts (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 5054–5073, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20397.
    Description: The Integrated Ocean Observing System Super-regional Coastal Modeling Testbed had one objective to evaluate the capabilities of three unstructured-grid fully current-wave coupled ocean models (ADCIRC/SWAN, FVCOM/SWAVE, SELFE/WWM) to simulate extratropical storm-induced inundation in the US northeast coastal region. Scituate Harbor (MA) was chosen as the extratropical storm testbed site, and model simulations were made for the 24–27 May 2005 and 17–20 April 2007 (“Patriot's Day Storm”) nor'easters. For the same unstructured mesh, meteorological forcing, and initial/boundary conditions, intermodel comparisons were made for tidal elevation, surface waves, sea surface elevation, coastal inundation, currents, and volume transport. All three models showed similar accuracy in tidal simulation and consistency in dynamic responses to storm winds in experiments conducted without and with wave-current interaction. The three models also showed that wave-current interaction could (1) change the current direction from the along-shelf direction to the onshore direction over the northern shelf, enlarging the onshore water transport and (2) intensify an anticyclonic eddy in the harbor entrance and a cyclonic eddy in the harbor interior, which could increase the water transport toward the northern peninsula and the southern end and thus enhance flooding in those areas. The testbed intermodel comparisons suggest that major differences in the performance of the three models were caused primarily by (1) the inclusion of wave-current interaction, due to the different discrete algorithms used to solve the three wave models and compute water-current interaction, (2) the criterions used for the wet-dry point treatment of the flooding/drying process simulation, and (3) bottom friction parameterizations.
    Description: This project was supported by NOAA via the U.S.IOOS Office (award: NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141) and was managed by the Southeastern Universities Research Association. The Scituate FVCOM setup was supported by the NOAA-funded IOOS NERACOOS program for NECOFS and the MIT Sea Grant College Program through grant 2012-R/RC-127.
    Description: 2014-04-07
    Keywords: Intermodel comparisons ; Inundation prediction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Coastal flooding in Scituate (MA) : A FVCOM study of the 27 December 2010 nor'easter (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 6030–6045, doi:10.1002/2013JC008862.
    Description: A nested Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) inundation forecast model has been developed for Scituate (MA) as part of the Northeast Coastal Ocean Forecast System (NECOFS). Scituate Harbor is a small coastal lagoon oriented north-south with a narrow entrance (with opposing breakwaters) opening eastward onto Massachusetts Bay and the Gulf of Maine. On 27 December 2010, a classic nor'easter produced a ∼0.9 m high surge, which when added to the ∼1.5 m high tide and seasonal higher mean water level, produced significant inundation in Scituate. The Scituate FVCOM inundation model includes flooding/drying, seawall/breakwater, and wave-current interaction capabilities, and was driven by one-way nesting with NECOFS. Hindcasts of the 27 December nor'easter event were made with two different resolution Scituate FVCOM grids with and without inclusion of wave-current interaction to examine the influence of spatial resolution and model dynamics on the predicted flooding. In all simulations, a wind-driven coastal current flowed southward across the harbor entrance, with an attached separation eddy forming downstream of the northern breakwater and rapid decrease in wave energy entering the harbor. With wave-current interaction, the southward coastal current was strongly enhanced and currents within the separation eddy increased to more than 1 m/s, making it highly nonlinear with large lateral shears. Comparisons of the model water elevation time series with harbor tide station measurements showed that inclusion of wave-current interaction increased the peak model surge by ∼8 cm, in closer agreement with the observed peak.
    Description: This project was supported by NOAA via the U.S. IOOS Office (Award: NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141) and was managed by the Southeastern Universities Research Association. The Scituate FVCOM setup was supported by the NOAA-funded IOOS NERACOOS program for NECOFS and the MIT Sea grant College Program through grant 2012-R/RC-127.
    Description: 2014-05-13
    Keywords: Modeling ; Inundation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Comparison of observed and model-computed low frequency circulation and hydrography on the New England Shelf (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C09015, doi:10.1029/2007JC004394.
    Description: The finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) is configured to study the interannual variability of circulation in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and Georges Bank. The FVCOM-GoM system incorporates realistic time-dependent surface forcing derived from a high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) and assimilation of observed quantities including sea surface temperature and salinity and temperature fields on the open boundary. An evaluation of FVCOM-GoM model skill on the New England shelf is made by comparison of computed fields and data collected during the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Program (August 1996–June 1997). Model mean currents for the full CMO period compare well in both magnitude and direction in fall and winter but overpredict the westward flow in spring. The direction and ellipticity of the subtidal variability correspond but computed magnitudes are around 20% below observed, partially due to underprediction of the variability by MM5. Response of subtidal currents to wind-forcing shows the model captures the directional dependence, as well as seasonal variability of the lag. Hydrographic results show that FVCOM-GoM resolves the spatial and temporal evolution of the temperature and salinity fields. The model-computed surface salinity field compares well, except in May when there is no indication of the fresh surface layer from the Connecticut River discharge noted in the observations. Analysis of model-computed results indicates that the plume was unable to extend to the mooring location due to the presence of a westward mean model-computed flow during that time that was stronger than observed. Overall FVCOM-GoM captures well the dynamics of the mean and subtidal flow on the New England shelf.
    Description: G. Cowles was supported by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute (MFI) through NOAA grants DOC/NOAA/ NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/NOAA/NA05NMF4721131, S. Lentz by the NSF Ocean Sciences Division through grants OCE-841292 and OCE- 848961, C. Chen and Q. Xu through the NSF/NOAA GLOBEC/Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program under NSF grants OCE-0234545 and OCE-0227679 and NOAA grants NA-16OP2323, and R. Beardsley through NOAA grant NA-17RJ1223.
    Keywords: New England shelf ; Gulf of Maine ; FVCOM
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Using MM5 to hindcast the ocean surface forcing fields over the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank Region (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22 (2005): 131–145, doi:10.1175/JTECH-1682.1.
    Description: The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is applied to the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank (GoM/GB) region. This model is configured with two numerical domains with horizontal resolutions of 30 and 10 km, respectively, and driven by the NCAR-Eta weather model through a nested grid approach. Comparison of model-computed winds, wind stress, and heat flux with in situ data collected on moored meteorological buoys in the western GoM and over GB in 1995 shows that during the passage of atmospheric fronts over this region, MM5 provides a reasonable prediction of wind speed but not wind direction, and provides a relatively accurate estimation of longwave radiation but overestimates sensible and latent fluxes. The nudging data assimilation approach with inclusion of in situ wind data significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted wind speed and direction. Incorporation of the Fairall et al. air–sea flux algorithms with inclusion of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived SST improves the accuracy of the predicted latent and sensible heat fluxes in the GoM/GB region for both stable and unstable weather conditions.
    Description: This research was supported by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program through NSF Grants OCE 02-34545 and OCE 02-27679, NOAA Grant NA 16092323, and NSF CoOP Grant OCE 01-96543 to C. Chen, and NSF Grant OCE 02-27679 to R. C. Beardsley. Song Hu was supported by a SMAST graduate scholarship from NASA Grant NAG 13-02042, and Qichun Xu was supported by Chen’s NSF and NOAA grants mentioned above. Huichan Lin was supported by the Georgia DNR Grants 024409-01 and 026450-01.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Tidal dynamics in the Gulf of Maine and New England Shelf : an application of FVCOM (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C12010, doi:10.1029/2011JC007054.
    Description: The unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was used to simulate the tides in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and New England Shelf (NES) for homogeneous and summer stratified conditions. FVCOM captures the near-resonant nature of the semidiurnal tide and energy flux in the GoM and the complex dynamics governing the tide in the NES. Stratification has limited impact on tidal elevation, but can significantly modify the tidal current profile. Internal tides are energetic in the stratified regions over steep bottom topography, but their contribution to the total tidal energy flux is only significant over the northeast flank of Georges Bank. The model suggests that the tidal flushing-induced eddy east of Monomoy Island is the dynamic basis for the locally observed phase lead of the M2 tide. The southward propagating tidal wave east of Cape Cod encounters the northeastward propagating tidal wave from the NES south of Nantucket Island, forming a zone of minimum sea level along a southeast-oriented line from Nantucket Island. These two waves are characterized by linear dynamics in which bottom friction and advection are negligible in the momentum balance, but their superposition leads to a strong nonlinear current interaction and large bottom stress in the zone of lowest sea elevation.
    Description: This research is supported by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program NSF (OCE-0234545, 0227679, 0606928, 0726851 and 0814505) to Changsheng Chen and Qixchun Xu and NSF grant (OCE-02-27679) and the WHOI Smith Chair to Robert Beardsley and Richard Limeburner. The tidal model-data comparison on Nantucket Sound/Shoals is partially the result of research sponsored by the MIT Sea Grant College Program, under NOAA grant NA06OAR4170019, MIT SG project 2006-R/RC-102, 2006-R/RC-103, 2006-R/RC-102, 2006-R/RC-107, 2008-R/RC-107), 2010-R/RC-116 and the NOAA NERACOOS Program for the UMASS team. C. Chen’s contribution is also supported by Shanghai Ocean University International Cooperation Program (A-2302-11-0003), the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09320503700), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (project J50702), and Zhi jiang Scholar and 111 project funds of the State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University (ECNU).
    Description: 2012-06-10
    Keywords: Ocean modeling ; Tidal dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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