GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of proprioceptive feedback on Locust flight co-ordination (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 88 (1974), S. 173-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei fixiert vor dem Windkanal fliegenden Heuschrecken (Locusta migratoria) wurde der rechte Vorderflügel mit Hilfe eines umgebauten Tintenschreibers um seine Drehachse zwangsbewegt. Als Reaktion des Tieres wurden Muskelpotentiale aus den direkten Senkern aller Flügel abgeleitet. Der so gemessene Flugrhythmus kann von der aufgezwungenen Vorderflügelbewegung in eine bevorzugte Phase gezwungen werden, sofern die Reizfrequenz nicht weiter als 10–15% von der Flügelschlagfrequenz abweicht. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen phasischen, koppelnden Einfluß auf den Flugrhythmus, der bereits innerhalb weniger Flügelschläge nach Einsetzen des Reizes sichtbar werden kann und von Propriozeptoren vermittelt wird, die die aktuelle Flügelbewegung messen. Die propriozeptiven Rückmeldungen erhöhen die Präzision der Koordination der 4 Flügel untereinander.
    Notes: Summary The right fore wing of a tethered locust (Locusta migratoria) flying in front of a wind tunnel was moved up and down about its normal axis of rotation. The reaction of the animal was measured by recording muscle potentials from the depressor muscles of all wings. The flight rhythm of an animal can be forced to take a preferred phase with regard to the input rhythm, provided the stimulating frequency does not differ by more than 10 to 15% from the wing beat frequency of the non-driven wings. The reaction is apparently due to phasic proprioceptive feedback from the driven wing which influences the flight rhythm within a few wing beats. This proprioceptive feedback normally increases the precision of co-ordination of the wings among themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695406
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The giant fiber system in the forelegs (whips) of the whip spider Heterophrynus elaphus Pocock (Arachnida: Amblypygi) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Giant fibers ; Giant neurons ; Mechanoreceptors ; Whip spider
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The front legs of the whip spider H. elaphus are strongly modified to serve sensory functions. They contain several afferent nerve fibers which are so large that their action potentials can be recorded externally through the cuticle. In recordings from the tarsus 7 different types of afferent spikes were identified; 6 additional types of afferent spikes were discriminated in recordings from the tibia and femur. Most of the recorded potentials could be attributed to identifiable neurons serving different functions. These neurons include giant interneurons and giant fibers from diverse mechanoreceptors such as slit sense organs, trichobothria, and a joint receptor. In the present report these neurons are characterized using electrophysiological and histological methods. Their functions are discussed in the context of the animal's behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217104
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Anteil der Antennen an der Schwererezeption der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus Br (1965)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 51 (1965), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary No difference could be found in the directional orientation of intact and antennaeless stick insects which walked in darkness upwards on a vertical plane. From this, one cannot conclude that there are no gravity receptors in the antennae. In a second experiment, the direction of the weight of the body relative to the legs was inverted, thereby reversing the direction of the load on the gravity receptors located in the leg joints. Were the gravity receptors located only in the legs, the animals would be expected to walk downwards under these conditions. However, they only do this if the antennae are amputated. It is concluded that there are gravity receptors in or on the antennae of the walking sticks.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Antennenlose Stabheuschrecken laufen im Dunkeln auf einer vertikalen Fläche nicht schlechter nach oben als völlig intakte Tiere. Man darf daraus aber nicht schließen, die Antennen seien für die Schwereorientierung um die Hochachse bedeutungslos. Ihr Einfluß zeigte sich erst in einer Situation, in der die schon bekannten Schwererezeptoren in den Beinen über die Schwerkraftrichtung getäuscht und gegen die Antennen ausgespielt wurden. An der Schwereorientierung der Stabheuschrecke sind also neben den Beinrezeptoren auch Sinnesorgane in oder an den Antennen beteiligt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339475
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phonotaxis inGryllus campestris L. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 152 (1983), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of the four sound entrances (two posterior tympana and two prothoracic spiracles; Fig. 1) of the auditory system of female field crickets (Gryllus campestris L.) was occluded with wax. 1. After single occlusions and in the absence of external directional stimuli the crickets behave like intact unorientated animals: they do not walk in any consistent direction (Fig. 2). Walking velocity (Fig. 3) is not reduced in comparison with that of intact crickets. Systematic changes in angular velocity do not occur (Fig. 4, Table 1). Thus, unorientated walking is not affected by the occlusion of sound entrances. 2. With calling song presentation, occlusions of one sound entrance (tympanum or spiracle) result in course deviations to the intact side (Figs. 5–7). As in intact, acoustically orientating crickets, oscillations around the mean walking direction occur, accompanied by occasional full turns to the intact side (Figs. 5 and 7). The response mechanism underlying the acoustic orientation of operated crickets is described by the nearly sinusoidal characteristic of their corrective turns (characteristic curve; Fig. 7). After single occlusions, the characteristic curves are shifted by a constant angular velocity towards the intact side. The accuracy of course maintenance is reduced in comparison to that of the intact animals. 3. The functional role of a prothoracic spiracle in hearing is shown to be virtually the same as that of the ipsilateral posterior tympanum. From our behavioural results the question arises, whether tympanal membrane vibration is necessary for the excitation of the auditory sense cells inGryllus campestris. In addition, our results do not support an ipsilateral pressure-gradient mechanism for directional hearing in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611190
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phonotaxis inGryllus campestris L. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 148 (1982), S. 431-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acoustic orientation of receptive female crickets (Gryllus campestris L.) towards the calling song (Fig. 2) of a conspecific male is investigated using a locomotion compensator (Fig. 1). By applying this method we restrict neither the path-length nor the walking direction of the walking cricket. At the same time the method provides a continuous record of the walking parameters (path of the cricket, velocity, walking direction, and angular velocity). The locomotion compensator ensures that the distance between cricket and loudspeaker and thus the calling song intensity remain constant; nevertheless the phonotactic response is not seriously affected during the experiments (Fig. 6). Compared to walking without calling song presentation (Fig. 3), acoustically orientated walking shows the following characteristic features: (i) persistent course towards the sound source (Figs. 6–8); (ii) oscillations of 30–60 ° amplitude around the direction of the sound source (Figs. 8, 10); (iii) a nearly sinusoidal angular characteristic of corrective turns (Fig. 9); (iv) increased mean velocity (Fig. 4); (v) short stops (about 0.6 s) with small variance in duration between continuous walking periods of variable duration (Fig. 10, Table 1). Gryllus campestris females utilize information about sound direction both during stops and during walking (Fig. 10). However, the time needed for correction of a given course deviation during walking exceeds that during stops (Fig. 12). With increasing calling song intensity the crickets pursue their course direction more precisely and the correspondence between mean walking direction and sound direction improves (Figs. 13–15). The female crickets investigated exploit bilateral differences in reaction amplitude of auditory neurons and not those in reaction time for detection of sound direction (see Discussion).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619782
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and physiology of peripheral giant interneurons in the forelegs (whips) of the whip spider Heterophrynus elaphus Pocock (Arachnida: Amblypygi) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Giant fibers ; Giant interneurons ; Mechanoreceptors ; Whip spider
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tarsi of the modified front legs (whips) of the whip spider Heterophrynus elaphus contain two afferent giant fibers, GN1 and GN2, with diameters at the tibia-tarsus joint of ca. 21 μm and 14 μm, respectively. The somata of these two neurons lie in the periphery, about 25 cm away from the CNS. These two neurons are interneurons which receive mechanoreceptive inputs from approximately 750 and 1500 bristles, respectively. The receptive fields of GN1 and GN2 overlap; they extend for 40 mm (GN1) and 90 mm (GN2) along the length of the tarsus. About 90% of the synapses onto the giant fibers are axo-axonic. Mechanical stimulation of a single bristle is sufficient to elicit action potentials in one or both interneurons. The response of the interneurons adapts quickly. Average conduction time from the soma to the CNS is 45 ms for GN1 and 55 ms for GN2. Mean conduction velocities are 5.5 and 4.2 m/s, respectively. Activity in the giant fibers does not elicit a motor response; hence the giant fibers do not mediate an escape response. Possible functions of these giant fibers are discussed and compared to those of giant fiber systems in other arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217105
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laufen und Stehen der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus: Sinnesborstenfelder in den Beingelenken als Glieder von Regelkreisen (1964)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 48 (1964), S. 198-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Eine Apparatur wurde entwickelt, die es erlaubt, die Bewegungen der Beine laufender Stabheuschrecken (Carausius morosus) kontinuierlich zu registrieren. 2. Die Bewegungskoordination der Beine normaler Stabheuschrecken wird in Abhängigkeit von der Laufgeschwindigkeit beschrieben (Abb. 4). Sie stimmt bei schnellem Lauf mit der für Insekten als typisch bekannten Koordination überein: einander gegenüberliegende Beine und direkt hintereinanderliegende alternieren; Vorder- und Hinterbein einer Seite laufen daher in gleicher Phase. Beim Übergang zum langsamen Lauf weicht die Phasenbeziehung homolateraler Beine jedoch zunehmend von dieser Koordination ab, während sie für gegenüberliegende Beine erhalten bleibt (s. Abb. 5). 3. Nach Autotomie beider Mittelbeine schwingen deren Stummel weiter in der normalen Phasenlage zu den Hinterbeinen, und zwar mit stark verringerter Amplitude. Die Vorderbeine laufen dagegen nun bei jeder Geschwindigkeit in fast gleicher Phase mit den Mittelbeinstummeln (Abb. 6). 4. Bietet man den beiden Mittelbeinen einen relativ zum Rumpf unbeweglichen Körper, so krallen sie sich daran fest und nehmen nicht mehr an den Lokomotionsbewegungen teil. Die Koordination der restlichen 4 Beine ändert sich dann wie nach Autotomie der Mittelbeine (Abb. 3b und 8). 5. Die Veränderung der Koordination nach Ausfall der Mittelbeine verhindert zwar das seitliche Umkippen des laufenden Tiers, ist aber keine Reaktion auf eine Störung des Gleichgewichts. Sie wird dementsprechend auf den Ausfall von Meldungen aus Sinnesorganen zurückgeführt. Diese vermutlich dem Rhythmus der Mittelbeine entsprechenden Afferenzen legen die Koordination beim intakten Tier fest. 6. An den proximalen Beingelenken aller sechs Beine liegen drei Sinnesborstenfelder, die bei einer Bewegung des Beins nach vorn bzw. hinten gereizt werden (Abb. 1). Es wurde geprüft, ob diese Borstenfelder die Phasenbeziehung der Beine bestimmen. Der Ausfall aller drei Sinnesorgane an beiden Mittelbeinen beeinflußt die Koordination jedoch nicht (Abb. 8). 7. Für das Borstenfeld am dorsalen Drehpunkt des Subcoxalgelenks konnte keine Leistung nachgewiesen werden. Die beiden anderen Borstenfelder (am ventralen Drehpunkt des Subcoxalgelenks und im Coxa-Trochanter-Gelenk) sind jeweils Glieder eines Regelkreises (Abb. 26): Sie wirken bei einer Reizung auf die Muskulatur des Gelenks, dessen Stellung sie messen, im Sinne einer Verminderung des Reizes. Die Regelkreise stabilisieren gemeinsam die Rumpflage gegen äußere Kräfte. Sie sind bei jeder beliebigen Stellung des Tiers bis zum mehrfachen Körpergewicht wirksam (Abb. 17 u. 20). Sie verhindern damit, daß der bei der Stabheuschrecke zwischen den Beinen hängende Rumpf unter seinem eigenen Gewicht zu Böden sinkt (Abb. 17). Die beiden Borstenfelder dämpfen außerdem die Schwingungsweite der Beine beim Laufen (Abb. 3d). 8. In den vorliegenden Versuchen sind die Regelkreise der sechs Beine voneinander nervös isoliert (Tabelle 7, Abb. 24). Außerdem wurde gezeigt, daß die Unischaltung der Borstenfeld-Afferenz zur Gelenkmuskulatur im dazugehörenden Thorakalganglion erfolgt (Tabelle 8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297860
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Fortbewegung der Larven von Cantharis fusca (1964)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 48 (1964), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auswertung von Filmbildern und direkte Beobachtungen des Laufs von Larven des Käfers Cantharis fusca ergaben: 1. Hintereinanderliegende Beine alternieren. 2. Gegenüberliegende Beine laufen bevorzugt phasengleich; ihre Phasenbeziehung kann stark schwanken. Die rechten und linken Beine laufen oft mit verschiedener Frequenz, so daß sie für kurze Zeit alternieren. 3. Die unterschiedliche Frequenz auf den beiden Körperseiten wird nicht für das Kurvenlaufen benötigt. 4. Dieser Lauftyp wurde auch bei anderen Arten beobachtet. Sein Vorkommen wird im Zusammenhang mit anderen Lokomotionsformen erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339457
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phasic influence of self-generated air current modulations on the locust flight motor (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 150 (1983), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Using high speed film analysis (500 frames/s) to investigate the head nodding movement during tethered flight inLocusta shows that the position of the wind-sensitive head hairs with respect to the flight direction is altered by 5.5° in the rhythm of the wing beat (Fig. 2). 2. Wind measurements in the region of the hair fields demonstrate that the wind reaching the hairs during flight is modulated by the animal's own wing beat. The modulation has a peak-to-peak value of 0.6–1.0 m/s (Fig. 3). 3. An airstream with its speed modulated by these values was used to stimulate the wind-sensitive hairs to analyse the steady-state response during tethered flight in animals with the antennae removed (Fig. 1). In these entrainment experiments absolute coordination (a relation of locked phase) between the wind modulation and the flight oscillator is found in a range of about 3 Hz around the intrinsic flight frequency. At frequencies both above and below this range, relative coordination (a relation of preferred phase) is obtained (Figs. 4–7). 4. The dynamic response to step changes in the modulation frequency was tested. There is an immediate reaction, but it takes several wing beats to reach the new steady-state (Fig. 8). 5. When flight was elicited while a modulated wind stream was already blowing, the first wing beat occurred in a preferred phase with respect to the stimulus modulation (Figs. 10 and 11). 6. To understand the generation of the flight pattern, the whole flight oscillator must be considered as a cooperative system of central neuronal, sensory (proprioceptive) and mechanical components (Fig. 12).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609569
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The course control system of beetles walking in an air-current field (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 671-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Anemotaxis ; Carrion beetles ; Course control ; Menotaxis ; Necrophorus humator ; Wind-orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The wind-orientated walk of carrion beetles Necrophorus humator F. was analysed under closed-loop conditions with a walking compensator and under openloop conditions with a paired tread wheel (Fig. 1). 1. On the walking compensator an animal runs stable courses with a preferred direction relative to an air current (velocity =; 100 cm/s, Fig. 2B-D). A change in the air-current direction causes a corresponding adjustment of the mean walking direction (Fig. 3). Such course adjustment works best for changes in the air-current direction by an absolute value of 90° (Table 2). 2. Under closed-loop conditions the animal shows deviations of less than ± 45° around its preferred direction relative to the wind (Fig. 2B-D). The characteristic curve which describes the animal's angular velocity as a function of the animal's walking direction relative to the air-current stimulus is therefore revealed only in this angular range (Fig. 3, top). 3. Under open-loop conditions, however, complete characteristic curves can be obtained because the animal's walking reaction in response to any given angle of air-current stimulus is measurable on the paired tread wheel (Fig. 4). The characteristic curves are approximately sinusoidal functions. They can either show a shift parallel to the ordinale by a superimposed direction-independent constant angular velocity alone or, at the same time, they can independently exhibit an angular shift along the abscissa (Fig. 5). 4. The walking tracks straighten with increasing air-current velocity (Fig. 6A, insets), i.e. the animal more rapidly compensates deviations from a preferred course. This corresponds to higher amplitudes of the characterisic curve and steeper slopes at the negative zero-crossing point under open- as well as under closed-loop conditions (Fig. 6). 5. Walking in an air-current field can be explained by a model of the course control system using a feedback loop (Fig. 7). This model operates according to a sinusoidal characteristic function on which is superimposed a Gaussian white noise process of angular velocity which is independent of walking direction. The model produces realistic walking tracks in an air-current field (Fig. 8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194896
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...