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  • 1
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    Temperatures, salinity, and stable oxygen isotope values of bottom water and of the mollusc shell Arctica islandica from Nantucket Shoals
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weidman, Christopher R; Jones, Glenn A; Kyger (1994): The long-lived mollusc Arctica islandica: A new paleoceanographic tool for the reconstruction of bottom temperatures for the continental shelves of the northern North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99(C9), 18305-18314, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01882
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The carbonate shell of the bivalve Arctica islandica has been recognized, for more than a decade, as a potentially important marine geochemical biorecorder owing to this species' great longevity (200+ years) and wide geographic distribution throughout the northern North Atlantic Ocean, a region vital to global climate and ocean circulation. However, until now this potential has not been realized owing to the difficulty of precisely sampling the shell of this slow growing species. Using newly available automated microsampling techniques combined with micromass stable isotope mass spectrometry, a stable oxygen isotope record (1956-1957 and 1961-1970) has been obtained from a live-captured, 38-year-old A. islandica specimen collected near the former position of the Nantucket Shoals Lightship (41°N. 69°W). The shell's delta18O signal is compared with an expected signal derived from ambient bottom temperature and salinity data recorded at the lightship for the same period. The results show that A islandica's delta18O record (1) is in phase with its growth banding, confirming the annual periodicity of this species' growth bands, (2) is in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with the ambient seawater, (3) shows a consistent shell growth shutdown temperature of ~6°C. which translates into an ~8-month (May–December) shell growth period at this location, and (4) records the ambient bottom temperature with a precision of ~ +/-1.2°C. These results add important information on the life history of this commercially important shellfish species and demonstrate that A. islandica shells can be used to reconstruct inter- and intra-annual records of the continental shelf bottom temperature.
    Keywords: Age; AGE; Arctica islandica, δ18O; Calculated; Counting; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; Measured; Nantucket; Salinity; SeaLevel; Temperature, water; TGS; Tide gauge station; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 505 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of surface temperatures and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the Palaeozoic era (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 198-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations seem to have been several times modern levels during much of the Palaeozoic era (543–248 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that of today. Given that carbon dioxide is a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06085
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Oceanic evidence of climate change in southern Australia over the last three centuries (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004): L07212, doi:10.1029/2003GL018869.
    Description: Chemical analysis of deepwater octocorals collected at 1000 m depth off southern Australia indicates long-term cooling, beginning in the mid-18th century. This cooling appears to reflect shoaling of isotherms along the continental shelf, that can be related statistically, observationally and by modeling to increasing coastal sea-surface temperatures, that in turn reflect a poleward extension of the SW Pacific boundary current (the East Australian Current). The oceanographic changes implied by the coral record suggest climate change in temperate Australia starting about the time of European settlement. Correlations between temperate Australian and Antarctic indices suggest these long-term changes might also be relevant to Antarctic climate.
    Description: This study was supported by the Australian Fisheries and Research Development Corporation, the Australian Greenhouse Office, and the Land and Water Research Development Corporation.
    Keywords: Coral age validation ; Australia ; Coral chemistry ; Southern Ocean ; Sub-tropical ridge ; Climate proxy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Development and application of the mollusc Arctica islandica as a paleoceanographic tool for the North Atlantic ocean (2012)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 1995
    Description: Until now there has been no tool comparable to corals for reconstructing long term high-resolution geochemical time-series for the colder, higher-latitude oceans. In this thesis, the long-lived (+100 years) boreal mollusc (Bivalvia) Arctica islandica is shown to be practical for this purpose in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. The evidence, compiled here, demonstrates that the carbonate shell of this species faithfully records the ambient dissolved inorganic carbon's (DIC) radiocarbon (Δ14C) concentration and accurately reflects the ambient temperature in its stable oxygen isotope (δ180) composition. However, the stable carbon isotope (δ13C) composition of the A. islandica shell likely is not a good recorder of ambient DIC δl3C, and likely responds to physiological controls. Four Δ14C time histories are reconstructed from the annual bands of A. islandica shells for the higher-latitudes of the northern North Atlantic Ocean (from 41°N to 70°N). These ocean records show significant spatial and temporal differences in the evolution of the radiocarbon signal between the subpolar and subtropical regions and between eastern and western regions of the northern North Atlantic, which are attributed to regional differences in mixed-layer depth and the presence of deepwater sources. A 109-year interannual record of bottom temperatures for a location near the former Nantucket Lightship position has been reconstructed for the period 1875-1983 from the overlapped stable oxygen isotope composition of four A. islandica shells. This record's annual temperature anomalies (variation from the running ten-year mean) show significant positive correlation with regional bottom, sea surface and air temperature anomalies. However, the shell-derived bottom temperature record describes a century-long cooling (~1°C) in contrast to a century-long warming of regional sea surface temperatures of equal magnitude, indicating a long term divergence between surface and bottom conditions. It is suggested that this contrast may be owed to a reduction in vertical mixing and increased seasonal stratification of shelf waters. This thesis fulfills the prophesy laid out nearly two decades ago by Thompson and Jones [1977] that Arctica islandica could someday be used to reconstruct past ocean history as "the tree of the North Atlantic".
    Description: Funding was partly provided by an ORAU Global Climate Change Fellowship.
    Keywords: Clams ; Paleoclimatology ; Ocean quahog
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
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