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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth histories of strombid snails from Bermuda recorded in their O-18 and C-13 profiles (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 60 (1980), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isotopic ratios 18O/16O and 13C/12C show an annal periodicity in the strombid snails Strombus gigas and S. costatus from Bermuda. S. gigas appears to have a constant displacement of 0.5‰ from oxygen isotopic equilibrium, whereas S. costatus fractionates the oxygen istopes in accordance with established fractionation relationships. With this tool, the growth in strombid snails during different stage can readily be determined on one and the same snail. A 24.8 cm long S. gigas showed an age of 7, a 19.3 cm long S. costatus of 5, and a 7.8 cm long S. costatus of 2 years. From the annual range in oxygen isotopes, growth restricted to warmer periods of the year is assumed. The abundances of 18O and 13C tend to be positively correlated in adult S. gigas and S. costatus speciments, but were inversely related in a juvenile S. costatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389156
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition and the skeletal density pattern of the coralPorites lobata (Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea) (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the massive coralPorites lobata collected from the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, in May 1987 were measured along the vertical growth axis. The isotopic compositions show annual periodicity. The variations along the isotopic profile, compared with the X-radiography, indicate that the high-density bands are enriched in18O and deposited during the season of lowest water temperature (winter). In contrast, the low-density bands are depleted in18O and deposited during the warmest seawater temperatures (summer). The stable carbon and the oxygen isotopic ratios are negatively correlated with a shift in phase. During the season of higher water temperatures and light intensity values (summer), the skeleton is depleted in18O and enriched in13C and vice versa for the winter time. The shift between the carbon and the oxygen isotopic curves reflects the shift between the seasonal light intensities and seasonal temperature variations in the shallow water. The oxygen isotope ratio was used to detect the seasonal variations in seawater temperatures. The coral aragonitic skeleton is depleted in18O compared to apparent equilibrium with ambient seawater. The disequilibria range from (ca.) -3.10‰ to -3.50‰ with an average value of 3.40‰. The isotope fractionation behavior during skeleton precipitation is discussed in light of the environmental variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702470
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropogenic CO2 in Southern Ocean surface waters: evidence from stable organic carbon isotopes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We present an approach for tracing the fate of anthropogenic CO2, compiling a large data set of stable organic carbon isotope ratios from surface sediments, plankton, and sinking matter in the Atlantic Ocean. The δ13C values of sinking matter are generally lower by 0.5–4.6‰ compared to the surface sediments. This difference increases with increasing latitude, which is explained by a stronger modern increase in surface water [CO2 (aq)] in the Southern Ocean relative to the Tropical/Subtropical Ocean. Preindustrial dissolved CO2 concentrations in Atlantic surface waters, estimated from the δ13Corg of surface sediments, are compared to recently measured surface water [CO2 (aq)] values taken from literature. We obtain only a slight increase in [CO2 (aq)] at lower latitudes but a significant change of about 7 ± 2 μm in high latitudinal surface waters which we attribute to anthropogenic perturbation. Our results suggest that CO2 released by human activities has been stored in Southern Ocean surface waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.1997.d01-29.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring climate variability over the past 116 years in coral oxygen isotopes from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (2000), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Corals ; Stable isotopes ; Australia ; Leeuwin Current ; Ningaloo Reef ; Cooling events
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  116-year record of coral skeletal δ18O is presented from a colony of Porites lutea from Ningaloo Reef, western Australia. Interannual variability of sea-surface temperatures (SST) inferred from skeletal δ18O is dominated by a 9.5-year period, and may constitute a characteristic signal of the Leeuwin Current. On long-terms coral skeletal δ18O indicates a near-continuous increase of SST at Ningaloo Reef over one century. The skeletal δ18O time series was checked for the presence of seasonal cooling events resulting from major volcanic eruptions. An ∼1  °C cooling is evident following the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, which reproduces the results of previous investigations. However, only weak or no signals can be related to the eruptions of Krakatau (1883) and Agung (1963).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050300
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-Holocene stable isotope record of corals from the northern Red Sea (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (2000), S. 742-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words African monsoon ; Corals ; Holocene ; Northern Red Sea ; Stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present a study based on X-ray chronologies and the stable isotopic composition of fossil Porites spp. corals from the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) covering the mid-Holocene period from 5750 to 4450 14C years BP (before present). The stable oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of five specimens reveal regular annual periodicities. Compared with modern Porites spp. from the same environment, the average seasonal δ 18O amplitude of the fossil corals is higher (by ca. 0.35–0.60‰), whereas annual growth rates are lower (by ca. 3.5 to 2 mm/year). This suggests stronger seasonality of sea surface temperatures and increased variability of the oxygen isotopic composition of the sea water due to changes in the precipitation and evaporation regime during the mid-Holocene. Most likely, summer monsoon rains reached the northern end of the Red Sea at that time. Average annual coral growth rates are diminished probably due to an increased input and resuspension of terrestrial debris to the shallow marine environment during more humid conditions. Our results corroborate published reports of paleodata and model simulations suggesting a northward migration of the African monsoon giving rise to increased seasonalities during the mid-Holocene over northeastern Africa and Arabia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    North Atlantic climate variability since AD 1350 recorded in δ 18O and skeletal density of Bermuda corals (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (2000), S. 733-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Coral ; δ18O ; Sclerochronology ; Little Ice Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The reconstruction of the climatic history during the past several hundred years requires a sufficient geographical coverage of combined climate proxy series. Especially in order to identify causal connections between the atmosphere and the ocean, inclusion of marine records into composite climate time series is of fundamental importance. We present two skeletal δ 18O chronologies of coral skeletons of Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda fore-reef sites covering periods in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and compare them with instrumental temperature data. Both time series are demonstrated to display sea-surface temperature (SST) variability on inter-annual to decadal time scales. On the basis of a specific modern δ 18O vs instrumental SST calibration we reconstruct a time series of SST anomalies between AD 1350 and 1630 covering periods during the Little Ice Age. The application of the coral δ 18O vs temperature relationship leads to estimates of past SST variability which are comparable to the magnitude of modern variations. Parallel to δ 18O chronologies we present time series of skeletal bulk density. Coral δ 18O and skeletal density reveal a strong similarity during Little Ice Age, confirming the reliability of both proxy climate indicators. The past coral records, presented in this study, share features with a previously published climate proxy record from Bermuda and a composite time series of reconstructed Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures. The coral proxy data presented here represent a valuable contribution to elucidate northern Atlantic subtropical climate variation during the past several centuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050301
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic changes during the last deglaciation recorded in sediment cores from the northeastern Brazilian Continental Margin (1999)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 19 (1999), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Detailed 14C AMS data and isotope based stratigraphies from high-resolution paleoceanographic records for the last 22 ka of cores from the upper continental slope off NE Brazil reveal sedimentation rates of up to 100 cm per 1000 yr. Variations in the sediment composition relate to changes in the input of terrigenous material. The sedimentation is controlled by sea level and by the climatic regime of the hinterland. Short-term changes in the tropical wind field may act as a climatic trigger. The zonality of the SE trades was probably increased and the monsoonal activity over Africa reduced during the Younger Dryas period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calm-weather spring and neap tidal current characteristics on a shoreface-connected ridge complex in the German Bight (southern north Sea) (1995)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 15 (1995), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract While shoreface-connected sand ridges may be molded by storm-generated waves and currents, calmweather counterparts may determine their longevity in the German Bight. Fair-weather flow measurements on shoreface ridges off Spiekeroog Island show that: (1) peak velocities (U100 max) mostly range from 30 to 60 cm s−1 and are flood asymmetric, except at neap tide when ebb flows are dominant in ridge troughs; (2) velocity contrast between accelerating and decelerating flow phases is higher for ebb than flood currents, suggesting intense interaction between inlet and shoreface ebb currents; and (3) tidal currents play a primary role in ridge maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204495
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variations in euphotic zone nitrate utilization based on δ15N in surface sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 18 (1998), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Bulk δ15N values in surface sediment samples off the southwestern coast of Africa were measured to investigate the biogeochemical processes occurring in the water column. Nitrate concentrations and the degree of utilization of the nitrate pool are the predominant controls on sedimentary δ15N in the Benguela Current region. Denitrification does not appear to have had an important effect on the δ15N signal of these sediments and, based on δ15N and δ13C, there is little terrestrial input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050052
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clues to ancient methane release (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 369 (1994), S. 282-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR — One of the most fascinating results of the various studies on polar ice cores is the discovery of large-scale changes in atmospheric methane over the past few ice-age cycles1"3. Methane is a radiatively highly active greenhouse gas4, and so changes in its concentration are thought to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369282a0
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