Note: Intro -- Contents -- Meteorological Tsunamis: The U.S. East Coast and other Coastal Regions -- Meteorological Tsunamis: The U.S. East Coast and other Coastal Regions -- Contents -- Meteorological tsunamis on the US East Coast and in other regions of the World Ocean -- Introduction -- Meteotsunamis along the US coastline -- Meteotsunamis in the World Ocean -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Meteotsunami forecasting: sensitivities demonstrated by the 2008 Boothbay, Maine, event -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tsunami and meteotsunami forecasting -- Boothbay, Maine, meteotsunami forecasting -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Atmospheric processes responsible for generation of the 2008 Boothbay meteotsunami -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Ground ocean and meteo data -- Remote sensing data -- Speed and direction estimates of the atmospheric disturbance -- Atmospheric model setup -- Observational evidence of a meteotsunami source -- Sea-level and air-pressure high-frequency coherence -- Synoptic background and vertical structure of the atmosphere -- Remote sensing analysis -- Disturbance speed and direction estimates -- Atmospheric modelling -- Model verification -- Reproduction of meteotsunami source -- The surface pressure distribution -- The presence and propagation of internal gravity waves -- The maintenance of internal gravity waves -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Atmospheric mesoscale conditions during the Boothbay meteotsunami: a numerical sensitivity study using a high-resolution mesoscale model -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data and methods -- Results -- Verification and sensitivity to initial and lateral boundary conditions -- Sensitivity to the simulation lead time -- Sensitivity to microphysics parameterizations -- Sensitivity to convective parameterizations. , Sensitivity to one-way and two-way nesting strategy -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Meteotsunami in the Great Lakes and on the Atlantic coast of the United States generated by the ''derecho'' of June 29--30, 2012 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Atmospheric analyses -- Analysis of high-altitude atmospheric processes -- Synoptic setting -- Remote sensing -- Analysis of near-surface atmospheric records -- Atmospheric pressure records -- Wind records -- Propagation velocity of the atmospheric disturbance -- Phase relations between atmospheric variables -- Sea-level data -- Great Lakes -- Tide gauge records -- Time--frequency analysis -- Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic coast -- Tide gauge records -- Time--frequency analysis -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- High-frequency radar observations of the June 2013 US East Coast meteotsunami -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical analysis -- Origin of meteotsunamis and nature of June 13, 2013, event -- HF radar tsunami detection -- History -- Factors affecting detectability -- Data sets -- Methods -- Results -- Tide gauge water levels -- Radar current velocity observations -- Unfiltered area-band velocities -- Filtered area-band velocities -- Tsunami arrival times versus distance from shore -- Radar-observed arrival times from orbital velocities -- Calculated arrival times from the phase speed of the traveling tsunami trough -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A framework for the probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background -- Probabilistic framework -- Data -- Numerical model -- Results: U.S. Northeast Coast -- Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Tidal influence on high frequency harbor oscillations in a narrow entrance bay -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Observations -- Numerical model -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Lake Michigan meteotsunamis of 1954 revisited -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hydrodynamic modeling and data -- Results -- June 26, 1954 Meteotsunami -- July 6, 1954 Meteotsunami -- Discussion -- Role of edge waves and non-trapped waves -- Effects of an enclosed basin -- Wind stress versus atmospheric pressure -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Sea level surges of June 2011 in the NE Atlantic Ocean: observations and possible interpretation -- Abstract -- Introduction and objectives -- Description of the tide gauge records of the 2011 June event -- Data processing -- Description of the tide gauge records of the 2011 June event -- Iberian Peninsula -- French Atlantic coast -- English Channel -- Example of a harbor response from spectral Analysis -- Synthesis of the observations for the timing -- Discussion -- Analysis from travel time modeling -- Comparison with satellite and pressure data -- Historical events -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Recent observations of meteotsunamis on the Finnish coast -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Essential features of meteotsunamis -- Data and methods -- Sea-level and weather observations -- Radar data -- Results -- The meteotsunami of 29 July 2010 -- The meteotsunami of 8 August 2010 -- Gulf of Finland -- Gulf of Bothnia -- The meteotsunami of 4 June 2011 -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Assessing meteotsunami potential of high-frequency air pressure oscillations observed in the middle Adriatic -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data and methods -- Results -- Statistics and strongest events -- Energy, disturbance parameters, meteorological conditions, and meteotsunami potential -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Abiki oscillations in Sakitsu Bay, west Kyushu, Japan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study area -- Field measurements -- Measurement systems -- Results -- Numerical experiments -- Numerical model -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Dwarskersbos, South Africa local tsunami of August 27, 1969: field survey and simulation as a meteorological event -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The tsunami -- Survey -- Results -- The case of the 2008 event -- Interpretation: possible 1969 scenarios -- Earthquake? -- Landslide? -- Simulation -- A resonant wave of meteorological origin -- Background: meteo-tsunamis -- Modeling of the Dwarskersbos wave -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Simultaneous meteorological tsunamis and storm surges at Buenos Aires coast, southeastern South America -- Abstract -- Introduction and background -- Data -- Sea level data -- Meteorological data -- Geophysical data -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Observations of meteorological tsunamis along the south-west Australian coast -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study area -- Data analysis -- Results -- Observations of meteotsunamis at different locations -- Carnarvon: 23 October 2006 -- Geraldton: 25 February 2005 -- Fremantle: 17 October 2002 -- Bunbury: 5 December 2002 -- Bremer Bay: 28 November 2006 -- Esperance: 8 January 2008 -- Detailed analysis of meteotsunamis -- Meteotsunami: 22 March 2010 -- Meteotsunami: 10 June 2012 -- Meteotsunami: 7 January 2013 -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Storms, Extremes and Mesoscale Processes -- 3. Atmospheric Climate, Variability and Climate Change -- 4. Ocean Climate and Variability -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 2 An Extreme Hailstorm on 27 July 2017 in Istanbul, Turkey: Synoptic Scale Circulation and Thermodynamic Evaluation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Synoptic and Thermodynamic Overview -- 3.2. Satellite, Radar and LINET Images -- 3.3. Heavy Precipitation and Severe Wind Gusts -- 4. Summary and Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 3 Hydraulic and Wave Aspects of Novorossiysk Bora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 2.1. Observational Data -- 2.2. Numerical Experiments -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Incoming Flow and Blocking -- 3.2. Hydraulic Model -- 3.3. Wave Aspects -- 3.4. Hydraulic and Wave Mechanisms Under Different Initial Conditions -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 4 Waterspout Forecasting Method Over the Eastern Adriatic Using a High-Resolution Numerical Weather Model -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dataset and Methodology -- 2.1. Study Area and Data -- 2.2. Mesoscale Meteorological Model/SWI and SHARPpy -- 2.2.1 Mesoscale Meteorological Model -- 2.2.2 SWI and SHARPpy -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Thermodynamic Environment and SWI for Selected Cases -- 3.2. Case studies -- 3.2.1 WS1: 28 August 2013, South Adriatic, Dubrovnik -- 3.2.2 WS5: 24 September 2015, Middle Adriatic, Hvar -- 3.2.3 WS7: 6 January 2016, Middle Adriatic, Split -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 5 Study of the Western Black Sea Storms with a Focus on the Storms Caused by Cyclones of North African Origin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology and Data -- 3. Results and Discussion. , 3.1. The Storm of 2-3 February 1915 -- 3.2. The Storm of 17-20 February 1979 -- 3.3. The Storm of 2-3 February 1986 -- 3.4. The Storm of 7-8 February 2012 -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 6 Operational Wave Modelling in the Adriatic Sea with the Wind Wave Model -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Modeling -- 2.1. Chosen Physical Parameterization -- 2.2. Implicit Numerical Scheme -- 2.3. Numerical Solution Method -- 3. Setup of the Adriatic Operational Model -- 3.1. Atmospheric Forcing -- 3.2. Boundary Forcing -- 3.3. Grid Used -- 3.4. Altimeters -- 3.5. Radars and Buoys -- 4. Quality Assessment of the Operational Model -- 4.1. Altimeter -- 4.2. Radar -- 4.3. Buoy Measurements -- 4.4. Specific Events -- 5. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 7 Atmospheric Forcing Conducive for the Adriatic 25 June 2014 Meteotsunami Event -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 2.1. Observational Data -- 2.2. Modeling Methodology -- 3. Observational Analysis -- 3.1. Air Pressure and Sea-Level Station Data -- 3.2. Synoptic Analysis -- 3.3. Convection and Clouds -- 4. Numerical Analysis -- 4.1. Model Evaluation -- 4.2. Surface Pressure and Wind Distribution -- 4.3. Convection and Gravity Waves -- 4.4. Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 8 Impact of Geomorphological Changes to Harbor Resonance During Meteotsunamis: The Vela Luka Bay Test Case -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Modeling Strategy -- 2.1. Atmospheric Forcing -- 2.2. Hydrodynamic Model -- 2.3. Sensitivity Study Setup -- 3. Results and Discussions -- 3.1. Maximum Elevation Distribution -- 3.2. Geomorphology Versus Atmospheric Forcing -- 3.3. Methodology Description and Application -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES. , 9 Analysis of long-term changes in extreme climatic indices: a case study of the Mediterranean climate, Marmara Region, Turkey -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Area -- 3. Data and Methodology -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 4.1. Temperature extremes -- 4.2. Precipitation Extremes -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 10 Observed Changes in Daily Precipitation Extremes at Annual Timescale Over the Eastern Mediterranean During 1961-2012 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 2.1. Daily Rainfall Database and Study Area -- 2.2. Definition of Precipitation Extreme Indices and Temporal Trends -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Observed Changes in Daily Precipitation Extreme Indices -- 3.1.1 Indices of Maximum Length of Dry and Wet Periods (CDD and CWD) -- 3.1.2 Daily Precipitation Absolute Threshold Indices -- 3.1.3 Indices of Extreme Precipitation Events of 1- and 5-Day Durations (Rx1day and Rx5day) -- 3.1.4 Daily Precipitation Percentile Threshold Indices (R95pTOT and R99pTOT) and Simple Daily Precipitation Intensity (SDII) -- 3.2. Correlations Between Daily Precipitation Extreme Indices -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 11 Modelling Dry Spells by Extreme Value Distribution with Bayesian Inference -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1. Theoretical Models for Extreme Values -- 3.2. A Brief Review of Bayesian Inference -- 3.3. Likelihoods and Priors -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 4.1. GEV Model Applied to the AM Series -- 4.2. Rounded GP Model Applied to the POT Series -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 12 Analyzing the Mediterranean Water Cycle Via Satellite Data Integration -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Framework -- 2.1. The Mediterranean, Region of Interest -- 2.2. Sub-basin Definition -- 2.3. Closure of the Water Cycle over the Mediterranean -- 3. Data Sets. , 3.1. Earth Observation (EO) Data Sets -- 3.2. E-obs In Situ Precipitation Measurements -- 3.3. ERA-Interim Reanalysis -- 3.4. Discharge -- 3.5. Gibraltar Netflow -- 4. EO Data Set Intercomparison and Water Cycle Closure -- 4.1. Seasonal Climatology of the WC Components -- 4.2. Precipitation Requirement -- 4.3. Water Cycle Budget -- 5. EO Data Set Combination Methodologies to Optimize the Water Cycle Budget -- 5.1. Optimal Selection Approach -- 5.2. Simple Weighting (SW) Approach -- 5.3. Comparison of the Two Combination Approaches Based on the Budget Closure -- 5.4. Comparison of the Two Combination Approaches Based on the Correlation with In Situ Precipitation -- 6. Water Cycle Analysis -- 6.1. Seasonal Variations -- 6.2. Long-Term Trend Analysis -- 6.2.1 Monthly Trends by Sub-basin -- 6.2.2 Trend Spatial Patterns -- 6.3. Overview and Literature Comparison -- 7. Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 13 Impact of the Surface-Atmosphere Variables on the Relation Between Air and Land Surface Temperatures -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Location and Instrumentation -- 3. Experimental Uncertainties in the Determination of LST -- 3.1. Type of Sensor -- 3.2. LST Uncertainty Formula -- 3.3. Estimation of the Values of the Uncertainty of LST -- 3.4. Estimations of Ldn and Related Uncertainty -- 4. Temperature Difference Between the Land Surface and the Air -- 4.1. Yearly Evolution of T2-LST -- 4.2. Correlation of Land Surface-Atmosphere Variables with T2-LST -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 14 Assessing Shifts of Mediterranean and Arid Climates Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Climate Projections in Europe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Sensitivity Analysis -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES. , 15 Mediterranean Sea-Level Variability in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Bayesian Approach to Closing the Budget -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Decadal and Long-Term Variability Between 1930 and 2015 -- 3.2. Linear Trends over the 1950-1990 Interval -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 16 Mediterranean Surface Geostrophic Circulation from Satellite Gravity and Altimetry Observations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 2.1. Absolute Dynamic Topography -- 2.2. Estimation of Surface Geostrophic Currents (SGC) -- 2.3. Simulated SGC from Mercator Model -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Mean Mediterranean SGC -- 3.2. Monthly Climatology and Seasonal Variations of Mediterranean SGC -- 3.3. Comparison with Simulated Mercator Surface Geostrophic Currents -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 17 Variability of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling in the North-Eastern Black Sea in 1979-2016 According to NCEP/CFSR Data -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Data Description -- 1.2. Upwelling Criterion Calculation -- 2. Results -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 18 Sea Surface Temperature in the Mediterranean: Trends and Spatial Patterns (1982-2016) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 3. SST Analysis -- 3.1. Spatial Distribution -- 3.2. Trends -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 19 Long-Term Trends, Variability and Extremes of In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Measured Along the Eastern Adriatic Coast and its Relationship to Hemispheric Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 2.1. In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Data -- 2.2. Hemispheric Indices and Air Temperature Anomalies -- 2.3. Trend Analysis -- 2.4. Principal Component Analysis -- 2.5. Self-Organizing Maps -- 3. Results -- 3.1. SST Trends, Variability and Extremes. , 3.2. PCA and SOM Clustering and Regime Shifts.