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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Coastal engineering -- Case studies. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (671 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780123973313
    DDC: 333.91/7
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 THESEUS Project -- 1.3 This Book -- References -- Chapter 2 - Developing a Holistic Approach to Assessing and Managing Coastal Flood Risk -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Flood Nomenclature: Vulnerability, Risk, and Resilience -- 2.3 Describing the Coastal Flood System: The Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence Model -- 2.4 Assessment of Existing Flood Management -- 2.5 Flood Damage -- 2.6 The Social Context of Flooding at the Coast -- 2.7 Coastal Habitats Within the Flood System -- 2.8 The Physical Context of Flooding at the Coast -- 2.9 Handling Uncertainty -- 2.10 Capturing Future Changes -- 2.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 - Innovative Engineering Solutions and Best Practices to Mitigate Coastal Risk -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Floating Breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters -- 3.3 Innovative Submerged Structures -- 3.4 Overtopping Resistance of Grass-covered Landward Slopes of Dikes -- 3.5 Upgrade of Conventional Rubble Mound Breakwaters and Revetments -- 3.6 Management of Sediment Resources -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 - Ecological Approaches to Coastal Risk Mitigation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Management of Sandy Habitats: Sandy Beaches to Sand Dunes -- 4.3 Management of Saltmarsh Habitats -- 4.4 Management of Biogenic Reefs -- 4.5 Management of Seagrass Meadows -- 4.6 Ecological Design Considerations for Hard Structures -- 4.7 Interaction of Multiple Stressors in the Coastal Zone -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 - Nonstructural Approaches to Coastal Risk Mitigations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Insurance -- 5.3 Spatial (Land Use) Planning -- 5.4 Business Continuity Planning -- 5.5 Postflood Recovery, Vulnerability, and Resilience. , 5.6 Risk Communications at the Crossroads of Vulnerability Reduction and Resilience Enhancement -- 5.7 Evacuation Plans -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 - Toward Sustainable Decision Making -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Efficiency, Equity, and Sustainability of Mitigation Options -- 6.3 Evaluation of Mitigation Options -- 6.4 Legislative Constraints -- 6.5 Decision Making -- 6.6 Decision Support Systems -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 - Case Studies Worldwide -- 7.0 - Introduction -- 7.1 - Extreme Estuarine Water Levels and Channel Morphology, Effect on Flood Extents and Habitat Resilience: The Scheldt Es ... -- 7.1.1 Description of the Site -- 7.1.2 The Scheldt Estuary Flood System -- 7.1.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.1.4 Flood Sources and Drivers for the Dendermonde Case -- 7.1.5 Flood Mapping and Impacts -- 7.1.6 How Sediment Dynamics May Alter Conclusions on Flood and Erosion Risks -- 7.1.7 Conclusions and Recommendations for Risk Assessment Studies -- Acknowledgments -- 7.2 - Mitigating Flood and Erosion Risk using Sediment Management for a Tourist City: Varna, Bulgaria -- 7.2.1 Description of the Site -- 7.2.2 Risk Assessment -- 7.2.3 Mitigation Measures -- 7.2.4 Planning the Best Combination of Defense Strategies -- 7.2.5 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- 7.3 - Coastal Wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary, China -- 7.3.1 Description of the Site -- 7.3.2 Existing Management -- 7.3.3 Coastal Wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary -- 7.3.4 Present Climate and Environmental Conditions and Future Trends -- 7.3.5 Vulnerability Assessment of the Coastal Wetlands under SLR -- 7.3.6 Mitigation Measures -- 7.3.7 Conclusion -- 7.4 - Managing Risk in a Large Flood System, the Gironde Estuary, France -- 7.4.1 Description of the Site -- 7.4.2 Existing Coastal Policy and Management Strategies. , 7.4.3 Flood System in the Gironde Estuary -- 7.4.4 Flooding in the Estuary -- 7.4.5 Mitigation Measures -- 7.4.6 Strategic Management (in the Short, Mid, and Long Term) -- 7.4.7 Policy Implications and Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.5 - Flood Hazard Mitigation in a Heavily Modified Estuary, the Elbe Estuary, Germany -- 7.5.1 Description of the Site -- 7.5.2 Physical Characteristics -- 7.5.3 Historical Development of the Estuary -- 7.5.4 The Flood System within the Elbe Estuary -- 7.5.5 Flood Mapping for HafenCity -- 7.5.6 Mitigation Measures -- 7.5.7 Strategic Management -- 7.5.8 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- 7.6 - Risk Assessment and Mitigation in a Low-lying Coastal Area: Cesenatico, Northern Italy -- 7.6.1 Characterization of the Site -- 7.6.2 Risk Modeling -- 7.6.3 Identification of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.4 Preliminary Design of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.5 Selection of the Portfolio of Mitigation Measures -- 7.6.6 Impacts of the Portfolio of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.7 Strategic Management and Policy Implications -- 7.7 - Balancing Flood and Erosion Risk with Landscape Sustainability: Cancun, Mexico -- 7.7.1 Description of the Site -- 7.7.2 Characterization of the Flood System -- 7.7.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.7.4 Risk Mitigation Measures -- 7.7.5 Strategic Management -- Acknowledgments -- 7.8 - Flood and Erosion Management on a Dynamic Spit: the Hel Peninsula, Poland -- 7.8.1 Description of the Site -- 7.8.2 The Current Flood System -- 7.8.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.8.4 Meteomarine Climate: Present Conditions and Long-Term Trends -- 7.8.5 Flood Mapping -- 7.8.6 Erosion Scenarios -- 7.8.7 Mitigation Measures -- 7.8.8 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.9 - Flooding and Erosion Risk Analysis in Santander Bay, Spain -- 7.9.1 Description of the Site. , 7.9.2 The Coastal System -- 7.9.3 Flood and Erosion Risk Modeling -- 7.9.4 Mitigation Measures -- 7.9.5 Cost and Benefit Analysis for the Mitigation Measures -- 7.9.6 Policy Implications -- 7.9.7 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.10 - Teign Estuary, South Devon, UK: Stakeholder-Led Mitigation -- 7.10.1 Description of the Site -- 7.10.2 Settlements -- 7.10.3 Habitats and Ecology -- 7.10.4 Existing Flood Governance and Management -- 7.10.5 Quantifying Flood Risk Under Climate Change -- 7.10.6 Stakeholders and Flood Mitigation -- 7.10.7 Future Mitigation Options for the Teign Estuary -- 7.10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [s.l.] : Elsevier Reference Monographs
    Description / Table of Contents: Fate and Impact of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems: From the Coastline to the Open Seabrings together highlights from the conference proceedings for 'MICRO 2016: Fate and impact of microplastics in marine ecosystems: From the coastline to the open sea.' Building upon previous workshops on microplastics, MICRO 2016 was the first international conference dedicated to this increasingly salient environmental concern.While the presence of microplastics in ecosystems has been reported in the scientific literature since the 1970's, many pressing questions regarding their impacts remain unresolved. This short format title draws from the shared scientific and technical material and summarizes the current research and future outlook. Includes a range of topics from macro- to microplastics: Weathering and fragmentation processesPresents data from source to sink: Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in freshwater bodies, coastal zones and the open oceanPresents the impacts of microplastics on marine life as well as microplastics as vectors of biological and chemical contaminantsProvides important analysis on the solutions and next steps
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 S.)
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 0128122714
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Zooplankton (amphipod and copepod) were collected using nets in the Fram Strait and the Arctic, in July 2018 and August 2019 for microplastic analysis. Water samples were also collected from the underway system and CTD alongside the August 2019 zooplankton samples (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.950239). All samples were initially digested using a homogenising solution and then filtered in preparation for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis in combination with an automated polymer identification approach (SIMPLE software) to identify polymer types, shape and size. Microplastics were also visualised using a microscope to further determine shape and size, particularly of fibres. Data collected on the microplastics found includes polymer type, shape, size, species ingestion and location.
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Arctic; Bioavailability; BONGO; Bongo net; copepod; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Event label; Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with automated polymer identification [SIMPLE software]; FRAM; Fram Strait; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; FTIR SIMPLE software; James Clark Ross; JR18007; JR18007_11; JR18007_130; JR18007_57; JR18007_97; LATITUDE; Length, maximal; Light frame on-sight keyspecies investigation; LOKI; LONGITUDE; marine litter; microplastic ingestion; Microplastics; MSN; MSN150; Multiple opening/closing net; Multiple opening/closing net, 150 µm meshsize; Number of individuals; PARCA; Particle camera; Plastic pollution; Polarstern; Polymer; PS114; PS114_4-1; PS114_4-2; PS114_4-5; PS114_4-6; PS114_46-7; PS114_46-8; PS114_4-7; PS114_4-8; PS114_4-9; PS114_9-3; PS114_9-4; PS114_9-5; Quality level; Sample ID; Size fraction; Species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 704 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: This dataset presents microplastics in water samples collected from the underway system and CTD alongside the August 2019 zooplankton samples presented in https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.950296. These samples were initially digested using a homogenising solution and then filtered in preparation for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis in combination with an automated polymer identification approach (SIMPLE software) to identify polymer types, shape and size. Microplastics were also visualised using a microscope to further determine shape and size, particularly of fibres. Data collected on the microplastics found includes; polymer type, shape, size, species ingestion and location.
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Arctic; Bioavailability; BONGO; Bongo net; copepod; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with automated polymer identification [SIMPLE software]; FRAM; Fram Strait; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; FTIR SIMPLE software; James Clark Ross; JR18007; JR18007_11; JR18007_57; JR18007_60; JR18007_75; JR18007_97; LATITUDE; Length, maximal; LONGITUDE; marine litter; microplastic ingestion; Microplastics; MSN150; Multiple opening/closing net, 150 µm meshsize; Plastic pollution; Polymer; Quality level; Size fraction; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 368 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Within the past decade, an alarm was raised about microplastics in the remote and seemingly pristine Arctic Ocean. To gain further insight about the issue, microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in sea ice cores (n = 25) and waters underlying ice floes (n = 22) were assessed in the Arctic Central Basin (ACB). Potential microplastics were visually isolated and subsequently analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Microplastic abundance in surface waters underlying ice floes (0–18 particles m−3) were orders of magnitude lower than microplastic concentrations in sea ice cores (2–17 particles L−1). No consistent pattern was apparent in the vertical distribution of microplastics within sea ice cores. Backward drift trajectories estimated that cores possibly originated from the Siberian shelves, western Arctic and central Arctic. Knowledge about microplastics in environmental compartments of the Arctic Ocean is important in assessing the potential threats posed by microplastics to polar organisms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 97 (2016): 302–312, doi: 10.1890/14-2070.1.
    Description: Anthropogenic debris contaminates marine habitats globally, leading to several perceived ecological impacts. Here, we critically and systematically review the literature regarding impacts of debris from several scientific fields to understand the weight of evidence regarding the ecological impacts of marine debris. We quantified perceived and demonstrated impacts across several levels of biological organization that make up the ecosystem and found 366 perceived threats of debris across all levels. Two hundred and ninety-six of these perceived threats were tested, 83% of which were demonstrated. The majority (82%) of demonstrated impacts were due to plastic, relative to other materials (e.g., metals, glass) and largely (89%) at suborganismal levels (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue). The remaining impacts, demonstrated at higher levels of organization (i.e., death to individual organisms, changes in assemblages), were largely due to plastic marine debris (〉1 mm; e.g., rope, straws, and fragments). Thus, we show evidence of ecological impacts from marine debris, but conclude that the quantity and quality of research requires improvement to allow the risk of ecological impacts of marine debris to be determined with precision. Still, our systematic review suggests that sufficient evidence exists for decision makers to begin to mitigate problematic plastic debris now, to avoid risk of irreversible harm.
    Description: With support from Ocean Conservancy
    Keywords: Assemblage ; Biological organization ; Ecology ; Plastic debris ; Population ; Systematic review
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-10-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Science of The Total Environment, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, pp. 154886-154886, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from the Fram Strait in the Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high concentrations of zooplankton at the base of the food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets in the boreal summers of 2018 and 2019. Using FTIR scanning spectroscopy in combination with an automated polymer identification approach, we show that all five species of Arctic zooplankton investigated had ingested microplastics. Amphipod species, found in surface waters or closely associated with sea ice, had ingested significantly more microplastic per individual (Themisto libellula: 1.8, Themisto abyssorrum: 1, Apherusa glacialis: 1) than copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus: 0.21, Calanus glacialis/finmarchicus: 0.01). The majority of microplastics ingested were below 50 μm in size, all were fragments and several different polymer types were present. We quantified microplastics in water samples collected at six of the same stations as the Calanus using an underway sampling system (inlet at 6.5 m water depth). Fragments of several polymer types and anthropogenic cellulosic fibres were present, with an average concentration of 7 microplastic particles (MP) L−1 (0–18.5 MP L−1). In comparison to the water samples, those microplastics found ingested by zooplankton were significantly smaller, highlighting that the smaller-sized microplastics were being selected for by the zooplankton. High levels of microplastic ingestion in zooplankton have been associated with negative effects on growth, development, and fecundity. As Arctic zooplankton only have a short window of biological productivity, any negative effect could have broad consequences. As global plastic consumption continues to increase and climate change continues to reduce sea ice cover, releasing ice-bound microplastics and leaving ice free areas open to exploitation, the Arctic could be exposed to further plastic pollution which could place additional strain on this fragile ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Landrigan, P., Raps, H., Symeonides, C., Chiles, T., Cropper, M., Enck, J., Hahn, M., Hixson, R., Kumar, P., Mustapha, A., Park, Y., Spring, M., Stegeman, J., Thompson, R., Wang, Z., Wolff, M., Yousuf, A., & Dunlop, S. Announcing the Minderoo – Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Annals of Global Health, 88(1), (2022): 73, https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3916.
    Description: Plastic is the signature material of our age. In the 75 years since large-scale production began in the aftermath of World War II, plastic has transformed our world, supported many of the most significant advances of modern civilization, and enabled breakthroughs in virtually every field of human endeavor. But plastic also poses great and growing dangers to human health and the environment, harms that fall disproportionately on the world’s poorest and most vulnerable populations. The extent and magnitude of these dangers are only beginning to be understood.
    Description: The funding is from the Minderoo Foundation, the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
    Keywords: Plastic pollution ; Human health ; Environmental health ; Ocean health ; Plastic life cycle ; Microplastics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Plastic removal technologies can temporarily mitigate plastic accumulation at local scales, but evidence-based criteria are needed in policies to ensure that they are feasible and that ecological benefits outweigh the costs. To reduce plastic pollution efficiently and economically, policy should prioritize regulating and reducing upstream production rather than downstream pollution cleanup.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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