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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Shelf–Basin interaction along the East Siberian Sea (2017)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Ocean Science, 13 (2). pp. 349-363.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter takes place in the shallow continental shelf seas of Siberia. This, in combination with brine production from sea-ice formation, results in cold bottom waters with relatively high salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as low oxygen and pH levels. Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition with icebreaker Oden, from July to September 2014, show the distribution of such nutrient-rich, cold bottom waters along the continental margin from about 140 to 180° E. The water with maximum nutrient concentration, classically named the upper halocline, is absent over the Lomonosov Ridge at 140° E, while it appears in the Makarov Basin at 150° E and intensifies further eastwards. At the intercept between the Mendeleev Ridge and the East Siberian continental shelf slope, the nutrient maximum is still intense, but distributed across a larger depth interval. The nutrient-rich water is found here at salinities of up to ∼ 34.5, i.e. in the water classically named lower halocline. East of 170° E transient tracers show significantly less ventilated waters below about 150 m water depth. This likely results from a local isolation of waters over the Chukchi Abyssal Plain as the boundary current from the west is steered away from this area by the bathymetry of the Mendeleev Ridge. The water with salinities of ∼ 34.5 has high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations as well as low pH, typically indicating decay of organic matter. A deficit in nitrate relative to phosphate suggests that this process partly occurs under hypoxia. We conclude that the high nutrient water with salinity ∼ 34.5 are formed on the shelf slope in the Mendeleev Ridge region from interior basin water that is trapped for enough time to attain its signature through interaction with the sediment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/os-13-349-2017
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Physical Oceanography measured on bottle water samples during ODEN expedition SO21 for the Synoptic Arctic Survey (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Discrete bottle values of Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll A fluorescence and Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) collected in the Arctic Ocean, over the western Eurasian Basin and Lomonosov Ridge, between 2 August and 11 September 2021, from I/B Oden. This is the Swedish contribution to the international Synoptic Arctic Survey. This dataset merges the bottle data from the full-depth physical CTD and the shallow biological CTD. Both systems had the standard SeaBird SBE911 plus system with dual sensors to measure in-situ temperature and conductivity and single sensors measuring pressure and oxygen. The physical CTD also had a CDOM sensor (Turner Cyclops fluorometer), while the Chl-A fluorometer (WET Labs, ECO-AFL/FL) was moved throughout the expedition between the two systems. Salinity, Oxygen, Chl-A fluorescence and CDOM were calibrated against sample data collected and analysed by the co-authors: - Salinity samples from the deep stations were analysed post-cruise using a salinometer (Guildline Autosal) and IAPSO standard seawater at the GEOMAR, Germany. - Dissolved oxygen was determined onboard using an automatic Winkler titration setup with UV detection (Scripps Institute of Oceanography Oxygen Titration System version 2.35m). - Chl-A concentration was determined post-cruise from flow cytometry (FCM) at Linnaeus University, Sweden. The samples consisted of 4 mL cryovials, of which 3.8 mL was sample water and 76 μL 25% EM grade glutaraldehyde solution (Glu stock). The samples incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes before flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and then placing in the -80 °C freezer in cryoboxes. - CDOM was determined post-cruise at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources - DTU Aqua, Denmark, following the method of Lawaetz and Stedmon (2009) This dataset contains the bottle data of the casts where bottles were fired. For more information about each sensor and their calibration, the reader is invited to check the cruise report (final version submitted on 20 September; shareable version with DOI coming soon)
    Keywords: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium: A strategy for meeting the needs for marine-based research in the Arctic; ARICE; Bottle data; Bottle number; CDOM; Chl-a; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; DATE/TIME; Density, mass density; DEPTH, water; Der arktische Ozean 2020 – Ventilationszeitskalen, anthropogener Kohlenstoff und Variabilität in einer sich verändernden Umgebung; DFG_456675218; Event label; Fluorescence, chlorophyll; Fluorescence, colored dissolved organic matter; ITS-90, temperature scale; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; New insights on ocean circulation and the fate of organic carbon in the Arctic Ocean; NOC; oceanography; Oden; Oxygen; Oxygen, dissolved; Practical Salinity Scale – 1978 (PSU78); Pressure, water; PSU78; Quality flag, absolute salinity; Quality flag, conservative water temperature; Quality flag, density; Quality flag, fluorescence, chlorophyll; Quality flag, fluorescence, colored dissolved organic matter; Quality flag, oxygen; Quality flag, potential water temperature; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Salinity, absolute; Salinity; Temperature; SAS-Oden_2021; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SO21; SO21_01-01; SO21_03-01; SO21_03-02; SO21_05-01; SO21_05-02; SO21_05-03; SO21_07-01; SO21_07-03; SO21_07-04; SO21_07-05; SO21_08-01; SO21_08-02; SO21_08-03; SO21_08-04; SO21_08-06; SO21_08-09; SO21_11-01; SO21_13-01; SO21_13-03; SO21_13-04; SO21_13-05; SO21_16-01; SO21_16-03; SO21_16-04; SO21_16-05; SO21_16-06; SO21_18-01; SO21_18-03; SO21_18-04; SO21_18-05; SO21_20-01; SO21_20-02; SO21_20-03; SO21_22-08; SO21_22-09; SO21_22-10; SO21_22-11; SO21_24-01; SO21_24-02; SO21_24-03; SO21_25-01; SO21_25-02; SO21_26-01; SO21_26-02; SO21_26-03; SO21_26-05; SO21_26-11; SO21_28-01; SO21_28-02; SO21_28-03; SO21_30-01; SO21_30-02; SO21_30-03; SO21_30-11; SO21_30-13; SO21_32-02; SO21_33-01; SO21_33-02; SO21_33-03; SO21_33-05; SO21_35-11; SO21_35-12; SO21_35-13; SO21_35-15; SO21_37-01; SO21_38-08; SO21_38-13; SO21_38-14; SO21_38-15; SO21_38-17; SO21_40-01; SO21_41-01; SO21_42-01; SO21_42-02; SO21_42-06; SO21_42-08; SO21_44-01; SO21_45-01; SO21_46-01; SO21_46-02; SO21_47-01; SO21_48-01; SO21_48-02; SO21_48-04; SO21_50-06; SO21_50-11; SO21_50-13; SO21_50-16; SO21_52-01; SO21_53-07; SO21_53-08; SO21_53-09; SO21_53-14; SO21_53-15; SO21_56-01; SO21_56-03; SO21_56-05; SO21_56-06; SO21_56-07; SO21_56-08; SO21_58-09; SO21_58-12; SO21_58-15; SO21_58-17; SO21_58-18; Synoptic Arctic Survey; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, conservative; Temperature, water, potential; TEOS-10; Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10); WAOW; Why is the deep Arctic Ocean Warming?
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 49362 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Physical Oceanography during ODEN expedition SO21 for the Synoptic Arctic Survey (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Hydrographic (CTD) profiles of Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll A fluorescence and Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) collected in the Arctic Ocean, over the western Eurasian Basin and Lomonosov Ridge, between 2 August and 11 September 2021, from I/B Oden. This is the Swedish contribution to the international Synoptic Arctic Survey. This dataset merges the full-depth physical CTD and the shallow biological CTD profiles. Both systems had the standard SeaBird SBE911 plus system with dual sensors to measure in-situ temperature and conductivity and single sensors measuring pressure and oxygen. The physical CTD also had a CDOM sensor (Turner Cyclops fluorometer), while the Chl-A fluorometer (WET Labs, ECO-AFL/FL) was moved throughout the expedition between the two systems. Salinity, Oxygen, Chl-A fluorescence and CDOM were calibrated against sample data collected and analysed by the co-authors: - Salinity samples from the deep stations were analysed post-cruise using a salinometer (Guildline Autosal) and IAPSO standard seawater at the GEOMAR, Germany. - Dissolved oxygen was determined onboard using an automatic Winkler titration setup with UV detection (Scripps Institute of Oceanography Oxygen Titration System version 2.35m). - Chl-A concentration was determined post-cruise from flow cytometry (FCM) at Linnaeus University, Sweden. The samples consisted of 4 mL cryovials, of which 3.8 mL was sample water and 76 μL 25% EM grade glutaraldehyde solution (Glu stock). The samples incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes before flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and then placing in the -80 °C freezer in cryoboxes. - CDOM was determined post-cruise at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources - DTU Aqua, Denmark, following the method of Lawaetz and Stedmon (2009) This dataset contains the 1-m bin-averaged profiles. For more information about each sensor and their calibration, the reader is invited to check the cruise report (final version submitted on 20 September; shareable version with DOI coming soon)
    Keywords: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium: A strategy for meeting the needs for marine-based research in the Arctic; ARICE; CDOM; Chl-a; CTD; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; DATE/TIME; Density, mass density; DEPTH, water; Der arktische Ozean 2020 – Ventilationszeitskalen, anthropogener Kohlenstoff und Variabilität in einer sich verändernden Umgebung; DFG_456675218; Event label; Fluorescence, chlorophyll; Fluorescence, colored dissolved organic matter; ITS-90, temperature scale; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; New insights on ocean circulation and the fate of organic carbon in the Arctic Ocean; NOC; oceanography; Oden; Oxygen; Oxygen, dissolved; Practical Salinity Scale – 1978 (PSU78); Pressure, water; PSU78; Quality flag, absolute salinity; Quality flag, conservative water temperature; Quality flag, density; Quality flag, fluorescence, chlorophyll; Quality flag, fluorescence, colored dissolved organic matter; Quality flag, oxygen; Quality flag, potential water temperature; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Salinity, absolute; Salinity; Temperature; SAS-Oden_2021; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SO21; SO21_01-01; SO21_03-01; SO21_03-02; SO21_05-01; SO21_05-02; SO21_05-03; SO21_07-01; SO21_07-03; SO21_07-04; SO21_07-05; SO21_08-01; SO21_08-02; SO21_08-03; SO21_08-04; SO21_08-06; SO21_08-09; SO21_11-01; SO21_11-02; SO21_13-01; SO21_13-03; SO21_13-04; SO21_13-05; SO21_14-05; SO21_16-01; SO21_16-03; SO21_16-04; SO21_16-05; SO21_16-06; SO21_18-01; SO21_18-03; SO21_18-04; SO21_18-05; SO21_20-01; SO21_20-02; SO21_20-03; SO21_22-03; SO21_22-08; SO21_22-09; SO21_22-10; SO21_22-11; SO21_24-01; SO21_24-02; SO21_24-03; SO21_25-01; SO21_25-02; SO21_26-01; SO21_26-02; SO21_26-03; SO21_26-05; SO21_26-11; SO21_28-01; SO21_28-02; SO21_28-03; SO21_30-01; SO21_30-02; SO21_30-03; SO21_30-11; SO21_30-13; SO21_30-16; SO21_32-01; SO21_32-02; SO21_33-01; SO21_33-02; SO21_33-03; SO21_33-05; SO21_35-08; SO21_35-11; SO21_35-12; SO21_35-13; SO21_35-15; SO21_37-01; SO21_38-08; SO21_38-13; SO21_38-14; SO21_38-15; SO21_38-17; SO21_40-01; SO21_41-01; SO21_42-01; SO21_42-02; SO21_42-06; SO21_42-08; SO21_44-01; SO21_45-01; SO21_46-01; SO21_46-02; SO21_47-01; SO21_48-01; SO21_48-02; SO21_48-04; SO21_50-06; SO21_50-11; SO21_50-13; SO21_50-16; SO21_52-01; SO21_53-05; SO21_53-06; SO21_53-07; SO21_53-08; SO21_53-09; SO21_53-14; SO21_53-15; SO21_56-01; SO21_56-03; SO21_56-05; SO21_56-06; SO21_56-07; SO21_56-08; SO21_58-09; SO21_58-12; SO21_58-15; SO21_58-17; SO21_58-18; Synoptic Arctic Survey; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, conservative; Temperature, water, potential; TEOS-10; Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10); WAOW; Why is the deep Arctic Ocean Warming?
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3139799 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Unknown
    Explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Nature Publishing Group, 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 453 (2008): 1236-1238, doi:10.1038/nature07075.
    Description: Roughly 60% of the Earth’s outer surface is comprised of oceanic crust formed by volcanic processes at mid-ocean ridges (MORs). Although only a small fraction of this vast volcanic terrain has been visually surveyed and/or sampled, the available evidence suggests that explosive eruptions are rare on MORs, particularly at depths below the critical point for steam (3000 m). A pyroclastic deposit has never been observed on the seafloor below 3000 m, presumably because the volatile content of mid-ocean ridge basalts is generally too low to produce the gas fractions required to fragment a magma at such high hydrostatic pressure. We employed new deep submergence technologies during an International Polar Year expedition to the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Basin at 85°E, to acquire the first-ever photographic images of ‘zero-age’ volcanic terrain on this remote, ice-covered MOR. Our imagery reveals that the axial valley at 4000 m water depth is blanketed with unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits, including bubble wall fragments (limu o Pele), covering a large area greater than 10 km2. At least 13.5 wt% CO2 is required to fragment magma at these depths, which is ~10x greater than the highest values measured to-date in a MOR basalt. These observations raise important questions regarding the accumulation and discharge of magmatic volatiles at ultra-slow spreading rates on the Gakkel Ridge (6- 14 mm yr-1, full-rate), and demonstrate that large-scale pyroclastic activity is possible along even the deepest portions of the global MOR volcanic system.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
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    Analysis and modeling of hydrothermal plume data acquired from the 85°E segment of the Gakkel Ridge (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C06028, doi:10.1029/2009JC005776.
    Description: We use data from a CTD plume-mapping campaign conducted during the Arctic Gakkel Vents (AGAVE) expedition in 2007 to constrain the nature of hydrothermal processes on the Gakkel Ridge at 85°E. Thermal and redox potential (Eh) anomalies were detected in two discrete depth intervals: 2400–2800 m (Interval 1) and 3000–3800 m (Interval 2). The spatial and temporal patterns of the signals indicate that the Interval 1 anomalies were most likely generated by a single large, high-temperature (T 〉 100°C) vent field located on the fault terraces that form the NE axial valley wall. In contrast, the Interval 2 anomalies appear to have been generated by up to 7 spatially distinct vent fields associated with constructional volcanic features on the floor of the axial valley, many of which may be sites of diffuse, low-temperature (T 〈 10°C) discharge. Numerical simulations of turbulent plumes rising in a weakly stratified Arctic Ocean water column indicate that the high-temperature field on the axial valley wall has a thermal power of ∼1.8 GW, similar to the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse and Rainbow fields in the Atlantic Ocean, whereas the sites on the axial valley floor have values ranging from 5 to 110 MW.
    Description: Thiswork was funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs, Tellus—The Centre of Earth Systems Science at theUniversity of Gothenburg, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Hydrothermal plumes ; Gakkel Ridge ; Hydrothermal vents
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Observations and modeling of a hydrothermal plume in Yellowstone Lake (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 20XX. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(12), (2019): 6435-6442, doi:10.1029/2019GL082523.
    Description: Acoustic Doppler current profiler and conductivity‐temperature‐depth data acquired in Yellowstone Lake reveal the presence of a buoyant plume above the “Deep Hole” hydrothermal system, located southeast of Stevenson Island. Distributed venting in the ~200 × 200‐m hydrothermal field creates a plume with vertical velocities of ~10 cm/s in the mid‐water column. Salinity profiles indicate that during the period of strong summer stratification the plume rises to a neutral buoyancy horizon at ~45‐m depth, corresponding to a ~70‐m rise height, where it generates an anomaly of ~5% (−0.0014 psu) relative to background lake water. We simulate the plume with a numerical model and find that a heat flux of 28 MW reproduces the salinity and vertical velocity observations, corresponding to a mass flux of 1.4 × 103 kg/s. When observational uncertainties are considered, the heat flux could range between 20 to 50 MW.
    Description: The authors thank Yellowstone National Park Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, The Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration, and Paul Fucile for logistical support. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation grants EAR‐1516361 to R. S., EAR‐1514865 to K. L., and EAR‐1515283 to R. H. and J. F. All work in Yellowstone National Park was completed under an authorized Yellowstone research permit (YELL‐2018‐SCI‐7018). CTD and ADCP profiles reported in this paper are available through the Marine Geoscience Data System (doi:10.1594/IEDA/324713 and doi:10.1594/IEDA/324712, accessed last on 17 April 2019, respectively).
    Description: 2019-11-09
    Keywords: Hydrothermal plume
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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