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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Oberrheingraben ; Geothermik ; Prospektion ; Tiefe geothermische Energie
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten, 397,91 KB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 0325302B. - Verbund-Nr. 01090425 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Autor laut Berichtsblatt: Filomena, Maria , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 19 - 20 , Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The ephemeral braided Hoanib River of NW Namibia flows for a few days a year, and only high discharges enable the river to pass through interdunal depressions within the northern Namib Desert dune field to the Atlantic. The dune field comprises mainly large transverse dunes resulting from predominant SSW winds. River flood deposits between aeolian dunes are analogous to mudstone layers conformably interbedded with ancient aeolianite dune foresets. Deep floods pond laterally to considerable depths (metres to 〉10 m) in adjacent interdunes, depositing mud layers (1–50 cm) to considerable heights on avalanche and stoss faces of bounding dunes. Fairly passive flooding only disturbs aeolian stratification minimally. Floodwater clay infiltrates and settles as an impermeable seal, with a flood pond on top, perched, above regional groundwater. Flood ponds evaporate slowly for long periods (〉3 years). Early emergence desiccates higher parts of a mud layer. Subsequent floods can refill a predecessor pond, benefiting from the existing impervious seal. Potential preservation of such mud layers is lower on the stoss face, but high on the avalanche face after burial by subsequent dune reactivation and migration. The leeward (right) Hoanib bank, a dune stoss face, is river and wind eroded to exhume fossil interdune pond mud layers of an earlier Hoanib channel. The highly inclined layers are interbedded with dune avalanche foresets and represent the edges of two successive fossil ponds exposed in plan. Ancient flood pond mudstones occur in the Permian–Triassic hydrocarbon reservoir, the Sherwood Sandstone Group of the Cheshire Basin (Kinnerton Formation) and Irish Sea Basin and were previously used erroneously to argue against the aeolian origin of cross-bed sets. Hoanib studies show that primary river interaction with a dune field might preserve only localized erosional omission surfaces in ancient aeolianites, with little sandy barform preservation, prone to aeolian reworking. Around the main fluvial channel locus, however, flood pond mudstone layers should form a predictable halo, within which fluid permeability will decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Upper Carboniferous Coal Measures strata have been interpreted traditionally in terms of cyclothems bounded by marine flooding surfaces (marine bands) and coal seams. Correlation of such cyclothems in an extensive grid of closely spaced coal exploration boreholes provides a robust stratigraphic framework in which to study the Lower Coal Measures (Namurian C–Westphalian A) of the Ruhr district, north-west Germany. Three distinct types of cyclothem are recognized, based on their bounding surfaces and internal facies architecture. (1) Type 1 cyclothems are bounded by marine bands. Each cyclothem comprises a thick (30–80 m), regionally extensive, coarsening-upward delta front succession of interbedded shales, siltstones and sandstones, which may be deeply incised by a major fluvial sandstone complex. The delta front succession is capped by a thin (〈1 m), regionally extensive coal seam and an overlying marine band defining the top of the cyclothem. (2) Type 2 cyclothems are bounded by thick (≈1 m), regionally extensive coal seams with few splits. The basal part of a typical cyclothem comprises a thick (15–50 m), widespread, coarsening-upward delta front or lake infill succession consisting of interbedded shales, siltstones and sandstones. Networks of major (〉5 km wide, 20–40 m thick), steep-sided, multistorey fluvial sandstone complexes erode deeply into and, in some cases, through these successions and are overlain by the coal seam defining the cyclothem top. (3) Type 3 cyclothems are bounded by regionally extensive coal seam groups, characterized by numerous seam splits on a local (0·1–10 km) scale. Intervening strata vary in thickness (15–60 m) and are characterized by strong local facies variability. Root-penetrated, aggradational floodplain heteroliths pass laterally into single-storey fluvial channel-fill sandstones and coarsening-upward, shallow lake infill successions of interbedded shales, siltstones and sandstones over distances of several hundred metres to a few kilometres. Narrow (〈2 km) but thick (20–50 m) multistorey fluvial sandstone complexes are rare, but occur in a few type 3 cyclothems. Several cyclothems are observed to change character from type 1 to type 2 and from type 2 to type 3 up the regional palaeoslope. Consequently, we envisage a model in which each cyclothem type represents a different palaeogeographic belt within the same, idealized delta system, subject to the same allogenic and autogenic controls on facies architecture. Type 1 cyclothems are dominated by deltaic shorelines deposited during a falling stage and lowstand of sea level. Type 2 cyclothems represent the coeval lower delta plain, which was deeply eroded by incised valleys that fed the falling stage and lowstand deltas. Type 3 cyclothems comprise mainly upper delta plain deposits in which the allogenic sea-level control was secondary to autogenic controls on facies architecture. The marine bands, widespread coals and coal seam groups that bound these three cyclothem types record abandonment of the delta system during periods of rapid sea-level rise. The model suggests that the extant cyclothem paradigm does not adequately describe the detailed facies architecture of Lower Coal Measures strata. Instead, these architectures may be better understood within a high-resolution stratigraphic framework incorporating sequence stratigraphic key surfaces, integrated with depositional models derived from analogous Pleistocene–Holocene fluvio-deltaic strata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Dorschel, Boris; Jensen, Laura; Arndt, Jan Erik; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; de Haas, Henk; Fielies, Anthony; Franke, Dieter; Jokat, Wilfried; Krocker, Ralf; Kroon, Dick; Pätzold, Jürgen; Schneider, Ralph R; Spieß, Volkhard; Stollhofen, Harald; Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele; Watkeys, Mike; Wiles, Errol A (2018): The Southwest Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation (swIOBC). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007274
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: We present a comprehensive regional bathymetric data compilation for the southwest Indian Ocean (swIOBC) covering the area from 4°S to 40°S and 20°E to 45°E with a spatial resolution of 250 m. For this, we used multibeam and singlebeam data as well as data from global bathymetric data compilations. We generated the swIOBC using an iterative approach of manual data cleaning and gridding, accounting for different data qualities and seamless integration of all different kinds of data. In comparison to existing bathymetric charts of this region the new swIOBC benefits from nearly four times as many data-constrained grid cells and a higher resolution, and thus reveals formerly unseen seabed features. In the central Mozambique Basin a surprising variety of landscapes were discovered. They document a deep reaching influence of the Mozambique Current eddies. Details of the N-S trending Zambezi Channel could be imaged in the central Mozambique Basin.
    Keywords: AWI_GeoPhy; File content; File format; File name; File size; Indian Ocean; Marine Geophysics @ AWI; Southwestern_Indian_Ocean; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: The Cenozoic East African Rift System (EARS) extends from the Red Sea to Mozambique. Here we use seismic reflection and bathymetric data to investigate the tectonic evolution of the offshore branch of the EARS. The data indicate multiple and time transgressive neotectonic deformations along ~800km of the continental margin of northern Mozambique. We observe a transition from a mature rift basin in the north to a juvenile fault zone in the south. The respective timing of deformation is derived from detailed seismic stratigraphy. In the north, a ~30km wide and more than 150km long, N-S striking symmetric graben initiated as half-graben in the late Miocene. Extension accelerated in the Pliocene, causing a continuous conjugate border fault and symmetric rift graben. Coevally, the rift started to propagate southward, which resulted in a present-day ~30km wide half-graben, approximately 200km farther south. Since the Pleistocene, the rift has continued to propagate another ~300km, where the incipient rift is reflected by subrecent small-scale normal faulting. Estimates of the overall brittle extension of the matured rift range between 5 and 12km, with an along-strike southward decrease of the extension rate. The offshore portion of the EARS evolves magma poor, similar to the onshore western branch. The structural evolution of the offshore EARS is suggested to be related to and controlled by differing inherited lithospheric fabrics. Preexisting fabrics may not only guide and focus extension but also control rift architecture.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-09-20
    Description: Die in vorliegender Arbeit untersuchten Pyroklastika und ihre siliziklastischen Begleitsedimente repräsentieren neben basaltisch/andesitischen Laven die basalen Ablagerungen des vulkanischen Rotliegend (Oberrotliegend) im Saar-Nahe-Becken. Nach den modalen Mineralbeständen handelt es sich bei den Pyroklastika vorrangig um lithische Tuffe mit rhyolithischer, trachytischer oder andesitischer Zusammensetzung. Der überwiegende Teil der Pyroklastika wurde im westlichen Donnersbergraum gefördert, die vulkanische Aktivität ist jedoch nicht auf dieses Gebiet fixiert. Die verwandte lithofazielle Klassifikation bezieht sich in erster Linie auf die von Transport- und Ablagerungsmechanismen bestimmten makroskopischen Merkmale der Tuffe. Hierbei werden neben Korngröße, Sortierung, Sedimenttexturen, Matrixanteil und Beschaffenheit der Kontakte auch Hauptkomponenten und die Geometrie der Sedimentkörper berücksichtigt. Die wesentlichen Transportprozesse umfassen infolge der raschen Förderung großer Mengen lockeren und leicht erodierbaren pyroklastischen Materials, neben primären Aschenfällen, Base surges, heißen und kühlen Aschenströmen auch verschiedene Umlagerungsformen. Dabei scheinen flache, verzweigte Sheet washes und Schutt- wie Schlammströme die wesentlichen Aufarbeitungsprozesse darzustellen, welche während und in unmittelbarem Anschluß an aktive Eruptionsperioden zur Bildung eines gemischt pyroklastisch/epiklastischen Sedimentkörpers führen. Während vulkanischer Ruhepausen dominiert hingegen im medialen und distalen Faziesbereich die siliziklastische Sedimentation eines mäandrierenden Flußsystems.
    Description: Abstract: Pyroclastic beds and associated siliciclastics, investigated in this study, represent the basal deposits of the Volcanic Rotliegend in the Saar-Nahe-Basin that include basaltic/andesitic lavaflows. According to modal analysis, most of the pyroclastics classify as lithic tuffs with a rhyolitic, trachytic or andesitic composition. The majority of the pyroclastics were derived from the Western Donnersberg area, although volcanic activity is not at all restricted to this area. The Classification scheme used is related to characteristic macroscopic features of the tuffs which are controlled by various mechanisms of transport and deposition. The distinction of lithofacies types depends on grainsize, sorting, sedimentary structures and the nature of bounding contacts, as well as clast composition and the architecture of individual rock units. Initially volcanism rapidly produced vast masses of loose, easily erodible pyroclastic material, including primary airfall, base surge, ash flow and hot ignimbrite deposits. These were reworked to be deposited by shallow braided sheetwashes, laharic debris and mud flows producing a mixed pyroclastic/epiclastic apron. Düring phases of volcanic quietude siliciclastic Sedimentation occurred dominantly within a meandering fluvial System medially and distally from the volcanic source area.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Lithofaziestypen 3. Komponententypen der Pyroklastika 4. Petrographische Klassifikation und Verbreitung der Lithofaziestypen 5. Petrographische Klassifikation der Tuffserie I 6. Gegenüberstellung der petrographischen Charakteristika von Tuffserie I und II und ihr Vergleich mit benachbarten Subvulkaniten 7. Vergleich der bearbeiteten Tuffe mit den Tuffen des Unterrotliegend Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-11-04
    Description: Die 250 m tiefe Forschungsbohrung „Münsterappel 1" wurde 1992 niedergebraeht, um ein detailliertes Profil des unteren Rotliegend im östlichen Saar-Nahe- Becken zu erhalten. Die vollständig gekernte Bohrung durchteufte die Odernheim- Schichten und den Topbereich der Jeckenbach-Schichten der Lebach Gruppe. Im Profil dominieren teilweise bituminöse, laminierte Schwarzpelite der lakustrinen Profundal- Fazies, die geringmächtige Einschaltungen von sauren Fallout-Aschentuffen, biogenen Kalksteinen und Mikroturbiditen aufweisen. Es wird angenommen, daß normal gradierte, bis zu mehrere m mächtige Sandsteinbänke Deltafront-Turbidite der Litoral-Fazies repräsentieren. Diese sind typischerweise in Dachbankzyklen angeordnet, welche als Hinweise auf die wiederholte Verflachung des lakustrinen Ablagerungsraumes durch eine progradierende Deltafront interpretiert werden.
    Description: Abstract: The 250 m deep "Münsterappel 1" research borehole was drilled in 1992 to gain detailed information on the lower Rotliegend stratigraphy in the eastern part of the Saar-Nahe Basin. The entirely cored borehole traversed the Odernheim-Formation and the topmost part of the Jeckenbach-Formation of the Lebach-group. The lithology is dominated by partly bituminous, laminated black shales of the lacustrine profundal fades which contain thin intercalations of acid airfall tuffs, biogenic limestones and microturbidites. It is suggested, that normally graded sandstone beds, up to several m thick represent deltafront turbidites of the litoral facies. The latter are typically arranged in coarsening and thickening upward cycles, interpreted to reflect a shallowing of the lacustrine environment by a repetitive prograding delta front.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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