Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Rethinking Environmental Governance: Exploring the Sustainability Potential in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives of the Study -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Major Initiatives to Govern Environment in India -- 4.1 Indian Forest Act, 1878, and Forest Conservation Act, 1980 -- 4.2 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 -- 4.3 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 -- 4.4 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 -- 4.5 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 -- 4.6 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 -- 4.7 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 -- 4.8 Biological Diversity Act, 2002 -- 4.9 National Environmental Policy, 2006 -- 4.10 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 -- 5 Attributes of Good Environmental Governance -- 6 Dimensions of Environmental Governance -- 7 In Search for Proper Plan of Action -- 8 In Conclusion: The Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 2: The Role of Local Governments in Encouraging Participation in Reforestation Activities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Conditions of the Forest Areas Around the World -- 3 SDG 2030, Climate Change, and Forest Fires -- 4 Local Government Role in Forest Areas and Reforestation -- 5 Public Participation in Protecting Forests and Being a Part in Reforestation Activities -- 6 Examples of Reforestation Activities with the Contributions of Local Governments and Public -- 6.1 China Reforestation Activities -- 6.2 The Great Green Wall of Africa -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Accessing Regional Liveability by Indicators: A Case Study of Mumbai Metropolitan Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context -- 3 Discourses on Liveability -- 4 Methodology on Liveability and Sustainability -- 5 Observations from the Study Region -- 5.1 Mumbai Metropolitan Region. , 6 Generation of Local Benchmarks Through Community Participation -- 7 Suggestions and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Operationalizing the Regional Sustainability Assessment by Indicators -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability: A Multidimensional Concept -- 3 Multidimensionality That Favors Assessment -- 4 Regional Sustainability Assessment: Operational Challenges -- 5 RSA Operational Gaps and Methodological Pathways -- 5.1 Multilevel Interaction in the RSA -- 5.1.1 Interregional Multilevel Interaction -- 5.1.2 Intraregional Multilevel Interaction -- 5.2 Stakeholder Participation in RSA -- 5.3 Geospatial Approach in the RSA -- 5.3.1 Spatialization of Data for RSA -- 5.3.2 Geospatialized RSA -- 6 Final Considerations -- 6.1 Research Limitations -- 6.2 Gaps That Persevere -- References -- Chapter 5: Voluntary Sustainability Standards for Corporate Social Responsibility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) -- 2.1 Emergence and Purpose of the VSS -- 2.2 VSS: Voluntary Use or Mandatory Trend? -- 3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) -- 4 The VSS, Global Trade, and CSR for a Sustainability Network -- 5 VSS Contributions to CSR -- 6 Challenges VSS and CSR -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Universities to Educate in Sustainability: From Pedagogy to Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Universities -- 3 Pedagogical Transition -- 4 Management Transitions -- 4.1 Environmentalization -- 4.2 Tools for Assessing Sustainability Management at HEIs -- 4.2.1 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) -- 4.2.2 Graphical Assessment of Sustainability in Universities (GASU) -- 4.2.3 Green Report Card -- 4.2.4 STARS -- 4.2.5 GreenMetric -- 4.2.6 AISHE -- 4.2.7 CSAF -- 4.2.8 SAQ -- 4.2.9 KAP -- 4.2.10 Other Initiatives -- 4.2.11 Green Campus -- 4.2.12 Living Labs -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 7: Analysis of the Path of Studies on Financial Education and Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodological Procedures -- 4 Presentation and Interpretation of Results -- 5 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Unveiling Diversity and the Unwanted Inequality in Organizational Leadership -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Guaranteeing the Golden Ticket Is Not Enough -- 1.2 Consistent Signaling Diversity and Equity Through Leadership -- 2 Method -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Descriptive Data Analysis -- 3.2 Fixed and Random Effects on Panel Analysis -- 3.3 Hypothesis Results -- 4 Conclusions -- 4.1 Implications -- References -- Chapter 9: Critical and Instrumental Perspectives of Interdisciplinarity for Business Education -- 1 Introduction: The Generous Vision -- 2 Interdisciplinarity Genesis -- 2.1 Focus on the Society Issues: The Critical Dimension of Interdisciplinarity -- 3 Upstreaming CSR: The Principles for Responsible Management Education Role -- 4 PRME Harbors Interdisciplinarity in a "Brazilian Way" -- 4.1 Students Organizations Triggering Interdisciplinarity -- 5 Conclusion and Framework Proposal -- References -- Chapter 10: Who Pays for Corporate Social Responsibility?: Proposal for an Externalization Index of CSR Costs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 The Theoretical Debate of Who Assumes CSR -- 2.2 An Index as an Answer -- 2.2.1 CSR Modality -- 2.2.2 Registry -- 2.2.3 Stakeholders -- 2.3 Proposed Behavioral Categories -- 2.4 The Proposed Externalization Index -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Measuring Instrument -- 3.2 Data Collection -- 3.3 Proposed Index -- 3.4 Index Validation -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Modality -- 4.2 Registry -- 4.3 CSR Cost Externalization Level -- 4.4 Registry Analysis -- 4.5 Modality Analysis -- 4.6 Overall Analysis -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 11: Emerging Civilian UAV Innovations Promoting Sustainability in Indian Agri-Insurance Through Embedding Culture-Specific Values -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Responsible Innovation -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Current Scenario -- 4.1 Agriculture Insurance -- 4.2 Civil UAV -- 5 Implications of Values in Civil UAV Deployment -- 6 Discussion of the Findings -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: COVID-19: The Urgency to Expand Sustainable Nutrition Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 COVID-19 and Nutrition Disruption -- 3 Juxtaposing Nutrition and Sustainability -- 4 Advances in Science to Tackle Nutrition and Issue of Sustainability -- 5 Nutraceuticals and Sustainable Nutrition -- 6 Future Prospective -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Environmental Consciousness and Sustainable Development Goal with Special Reference to Public Transportation in India: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Analytical Discussion -- 4 Sustainable Public Transportation in Kolkata -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Pandemic, Resilience and Sustainability: Agroecology and Local Food System as the Way Forward -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Discourse of Agricultural Modernism in India: A Critical Inquiry -- 3 Implications for Sustainability, Food Security and Farmer's Autonomy -- 4 The Way Forward: Agroecology, Resilience and Local Food Systems -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Integrated Water Resources Management and Urban Sustainability -- 1 Urban Sustainability and Water Concerns -- 1.1 Urban Water Management Transitions -- 1.2 Focusing on the Stages of Urban Management Transitions -- 2 IWRM and Sustainability Perspectives -- 2.1 Integrated Water Resources Management: Definitions and Perspectives -- 2.2 Adaptive Strategy to Operationalize IWRM -- 2.3 Principles of IWRM. , 2.4 Principles for Sustainability: From the Principles of Bellagio to the BellagioSTAMP -- 2.5 Interrelationship Between IWRM Principles and BellagioSTAMP Principles -- 3 Food-Energy-Water Nexus for the Global Sustainable Development -- 4 Water Relevance for the 2030 Agenda -- 5 Mitigation and Adaptation to Natural Disasters -- 6 The Concept of Water Security -- References -- Chapter 16: Corporate Social Responsibility and Roles of Developers for Sustainability in Companies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Efforts to Be Made by the Corporate Sector to Promote Sustainable Work Culture and Protecting Environment -- 3 Formal Practices for Corporate Sustainability -- 4 How CSR Leads Sustainable Corporate Sector -- 5 Total Disclosure on Region of Intervention in the CSR Policy -- 6 Employee Volunteering for the Implementation of CSR Projects -- 7 Similarities Between CSR and Corporate Sustainability -- 8 Differences Between CSR and Corporate Sustainability -- 9 Approaches for Sustainable Design -- 10 Eco-Labelling -- 11 Business Practices, Work Culture, and Environment -- 12 Overview -- 13 Principles of Corporate Governance and Work Culture -- 14 Role of Developers -- 15 Accountability of Software Developers -- 16 Futuristic Thoughts About CSR in New Normal -- 17 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Plastic Pollution During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disaster in the Making -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Diversity of Commonly Used Synthetic Plastics -- 3 Causes and Effects of Plastic Pollution on the Different Ecosystems: A Global Perspective -- 4 Generation of Biomedical and Domestic/Commercial Plastic Wastes During COVID-19 Pandemic -- 5 The Sustainable Road Ahead -- 5.1 Microbial Degradation of Plastics -- 5.2 Biodegradable Plastics or Bioplastics -- 5.2.1 Toxicological Impact of Biodegradable Plastics -- 5.3 Advocating the Principle of 4 Rs -- 5.4 Circular Economy. , 6 Conclusions and Way Forward.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Cloud Computing -- An Efficient Honey Bee Approach for Load Adjusting in Cloud Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed HBI-LA -- 3.1 Overview of Honey Bee Method -- 3.2 Description of Proposed HBI-LA Scheme with Concept of Aging -- 4 Performance Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Future Work -- References -- A Novel Approach of Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scheduling Model -- 2.1 Application Model -- 2.2 System Resource Model -- 2.3 Preliminaries of Task Scheduling -- 2.4 Task Scheduling Objective -- 3 Proposed Algorithm -- 3.1 Illustrative Examples -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Development and Design Strategies of Evidence Collection Framework in Cloud Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Comparative Research of Existing Data and Evidence Collection Tools, Techniques, Frameworks, Algorithm, and Approaches in Cloud Forensics -- 3 Noteworthy Contributions in the Field of Proposed Work -- 4 Expected Outcome of the Proposed Work -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Systematic Analysis of Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Task Scheduling Models Classification -- 3 Basic Task Scheduling Problem Definition -- 4 Scheduling Attributes -- 5 Study of Task Scheduling Algorithms: Review and Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Survey on Cloud Federation Architecture and Challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 The Basic Architecture -- 3.1 Frontend Module -- 3.2 Resource Broker Module -- 3.3 Cloud Interface Module -- 4 A Broker Based Framework -- 4.1 Resource Discovery -- 4.2 Resource Provisioning -- 4.3 Resource Scheduling -- 4.4 Monitoring -- 4.5 Cost Estimation and Billing -- 4.6 Resource Information Service -- 5 Federation of Hybrid Clouds -- 5.1 Hybrid Clouds. , 5.2 Hierarchical Structure of Cloud -- 5.3 Architecture -- 6 Challenges -- 6.1 Energy and Resource Utilization -- 6.2 Distributed Resource Finding and Allocation -- 6.3 Resource Provisioning -- 6.4 Network Monitoring in Federated Clouds -- 6.5 Security and Privacy in Federated Clouds -- 6.6 Inter-domain Communication -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Multi-tier Authentication for Cloud Security -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics of Cloud Computing -- 2.1 On Demand Self Service -- 2.2 Broad Network Access -- 2.3 Resource Pooling -- 2.4 Rapid Elasticity -- 2.5 Measured Service -- 3 Cloud Delivery Models -- 3.1 SPI Model -- 3.2 Cloud Deployment Models -- 4 Security for Cloud Systems -- 4.1 Security Parameters -- 4.2 Security Threats -- 5 Security Measures -- 6 Literature Review -- 7 Proposed Algorithm -- 7.1 Modules of the Proposed System -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Investigations of Microservices Architecture in Edge Computing Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 2.1 Programming Model for Edge Computing Environment -- 2.2 Microservices Architecture -- 3 Objectives -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Improving Reliability of Mobile Social Cloud Computing using Machine Learning in Content Addressable Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Fault Tolerance in Computing Environment -- 2.2 Quality of Service in Computing Environment -- 2.3 Content Addressable Network -- 3 Mobile Social Cloud Computing (MSCC) -- 3.1 MSCC Architecture -- 3.2 Preamble -- 4 Proposed Work -- 4.1 Proposed Framework -- 4.2 Proposed Algorithm -- 5 Simulation Scenario, Experimental Setup, and Result Analysis -- 5.1 Simulation Configuration -- 5.2 Experiment Scenarios -- 5.3 Results and Analysis -- 6 Comparative Study -- 7 Conclusion and Prospects -- References -- Data De-duplication Scheme for File Checksum in Cloud -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Related Work -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Snapshots -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Survey on Cloud Computing Security Issues and Cryptographic Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Security Issues of Deployment Models in Cloud -- 2.1 Security Concerns in Public Cloud -- 2.2 Security Concerns in Private Cloud -- 2.3 Security Concerns in Hybrid Cloud -- 3 Security Issues in Cloud Service Models -- 3.1 Security Concerns in Software as a Service (SaaS) -- 3.2 Security Concern in Platform as a Service (PaaS) -- 3.3 Security Concerns in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) -- 4 Cryptographic Techniques for Cloud -- 4.1 Asymmetric Key Algorithms -- 4.2 Symmetric Key Algorithms -- 4.3 Hash Function Algorithms -- 4.4 Authentication Schemes -- 5 Recent Trends and Algorithms for Cloud Security -- 5.1 Securing Cloud Computing Environment Based on DNA Cryptography -- 5.2 Quantum Cryptography for Secure Cloud Computing -- 5.3 Hybrid Cryptographic Algorithms -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning -- Features Identification for Filtering Credible Content on Twitter Using Machine Learning Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Study -- 2.1 User Specified Features for Finding the Credibility of Tweets -- 3 Explaining Credibility -- 3.1 Evaluating Credibility -- 4 Data Crawling and Labeling Credibility -- 5 Feature Analysis and Classification -- 6 Best Features Analysis -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Perspectives of Healthcare Sector with Artificial Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Is Artificial Intelligence? -- 1.2 The Need for Artificial Intelligence -- 1.3 How Is Artificial Intelligence Helping the Patients? -- 1.4 Using AI to Help Medical Professionals -- 1.5 Administrators Leverage AI to Plan Efficiently -- 1.6 Limitations of Artificial Intelligence. , 2 Applications of AI in the Healthcare Sector -- 3 Artificial Intelligence for Medical Professionals -- 4 Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare Administrative Perspective -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach for Stock Market Price Prediction Based on Polynomial Linear Regression -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Simple Linear Regression -- 4 Polynomial Linear Regression -- 5 Implementation Details -- 6 Performance Evaluation -- 7 Result Analysis -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Real-Time Classification of Twitter Data Using Decision Tree Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Problem Definition -- 4 Proposed Work -- 5 Experimental and Result Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Dynamic Web Service Composition Using AI Planning Technique: Case Study on Blackbox Planner -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 AI Planning for Dynamic WSC -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 4.1 Travel Domain -- 4.2 Case I -- 4.3 Case II -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Study of Deep Learning in Text Analytics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Text Preprocessing -- 3 Feature Extraction Using Deep Architectures -- 4 Applications of Deep Learning in Text Processing -- 4.1 Text Classification -- 4.2 Document Summarization -- 4.3 Question Answering -- 4.4 Machine Translation -- 4.5 Caption Generation -- 4.6 Speech Recognition -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Image Segmentation of Breast Cancer Histopathology Images Using PSO-Based Clustering Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 K-means Clustering -- 4 Genetic Algorithm (GA) -- 5 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 6 Experimental Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Survey of Methods Applying Deep Learning to Distinguish Between Computer Generated and Natural Images -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement -- 3 Previous Work. , 4 Methods Implementing Deep Learning to Distinguish Between CG and NI -- 4.1 Method I: Rahmouni et al. [15] -- 4.2 Method II: Quan et al. [16] -- 4.3 Method III: Rezende et al. [17] -- 5 Theoretical Findings -- 5.1 Building of Standard Dataset -- 5.2 Increased Focus on Classifying Compressed Images -- 5.3 Testing of Combination of Features Generated from Various CNNs -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- SVM Hyper-Parameters Optimization using Multi-PSO for Intrusion Detection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) -- 3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 4 Proposed Model -- 5 Result Analysis -- 5.1 Range of the Parameters C and γ -- 5.2 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Survey on SVM Hyper-Parameters Optimization Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Various Selection Criterion -- 2.1 Leave-One-Out Bound -- 2.2 Support Vector Count -- 2.3 Radius-Margin Bound -- 3 Various Searching Techniques -- 3.1 Gradient Descent -- 3.2 Grid Search -- 3.3 Genetic Algorithms -- 3.4 Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategies (CMA-ES) -- 3.5 Particle Swarm Optimization -- 3.6 Hybrid-Optimization Techniques -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Review of F0 Estimation in the Context of Indian Classical Music Expression Detection -- 1 Motivation and Context -- 2 Different Types of Music Expressions -- 2.1 Glissando and Legato -- 2.2 Vibrato -- 2.3 Tremolo -- 2.4 Kobushi -- 3 Pitch Extraction Methods Used -- 3.1 Discrete Fourier Transform -- 3.2 Constant Q Transforms -- 3.3 YIN Algorithm -- 4 Dataset for Experimentation -- 4.1 Simulated Notes -- 4.2 Recorded Notes -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Classification and Detection of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work Heading -- 3 Methodology Used -- 3.1 Soft Computing Models -- 3.2 Model Diagram -- 3.3 Evaluation Measures. , 3.4 Dataset Details.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Global Wetlands: Categorization, Distribution and Global Scenario -- 1.1 Wetlands Definition, Categorization and Classification Criteria -- 1.1.1 Wetlands- Categorization and Classification -- 1.1.2 Human- Made Wetlands -- 1.2 Importance of Wetland Ecosystem -- 1.3 Spatial Distribution and Potential of Global Wetlands -- 1.4 Status and Impacts on the Wetlands Ecosystem -- 1.4.1 Conservation Measures and Future Strategies -- 1.4.2 Conclusion and Recommendation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 Ramsar Convention: History, Structure, Operations, and Relevance -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 The Ramsar Convention -- 2.3 The Convention Text -- 2.4 Wetland Definition and Classification -- 2.5 Mission of the Convention -- 2.6 Structural Framework of the Convention -- 2.7 Operational Framework of the Convention -- 2.7.1 Convention Membership -- 2.7.2 Ramsar Regions -- 2.7.3 National Ramsar Committees -- 2.7.4 The Montreux Record -- 2.7.5 Ramsar Strategic Plan -- 2.7.6 Three Pillars of Ramsar Convention -- 2.7.7 The Convention Budget -- 2.8 External Partnerships and Synergies -- 2.9 Education and Outreach -- 2.9.1 Communication, Education, Participation, and Awareness (CEPA) -- 2.9.2 World Wetlands Day -- 2.10 Legal Status -- 2.11 Effectiveness of the Convention -- References -- Chapter 3 Ecological Importance of Wetland Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Importance of Wetlands in Flood Control -- 3.3 Role of Wetlands in Groundwater Replenishment -- 3.4 Role of Wetlands in Stabilization and Storm Protection of Shorelines -- 3.5 Role of Wetlands in Sediment and Nutrient Retention -- 3.6 Role of Wetlands in Water Purification -- 3.7 Biodiversity of Wetlands -- 3.8 Wetland Products -- 3.9 Sociocultural Values of Wetlands. , 3.10 Wetlands in Relation to Recreation and Tourism -- 3.11 Wetland and Climate Change -- 3.12 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Ecological and Societal Importance of Wetlands: A Case Study of North Bihar (India) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Geographical and District-Wise Distribution of Wetlands in North Bihar -- 4.2.1 Kabartal -- 4.2.2 Baraila Jheel -- 4.2.3 Kusheshwar Asthan -- 4.2.4 Jagatpur Wetland -- 4.2.5 Moti Jheel -- 4.2.6 Gogabeel Pakshi Vihar -- 4.3 Wetlands: Promoters of Sustainable Livelihood and Services -- 4.4 North Bihar Wetland Biodiversity: Status and Role -- 4.5 Urbanization, Pollution, and Climate Change Impacts -- 4.6 Legal Framework, Policies, and Challenges -- 4.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Recognizing Economic Values of Wetland Ecosystem Services: A Study of Emerging Role of Monetary Evaluation of Chandubi Ecosystem and Biodiversity -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodology of Ecosystem Valuation -- 5.2.1 Market Prices - Revealed Willingness to Pay -- 5.2.2 Circumstantial Evidence - Imputed Willingness to Pay -- 5.2.2.1 Damage Cost Avoided, Replacement Cost, and Substitute Cost Methods -- 5.2.3 Surveys - Expressed Willingness to Pay -- 5.2.3.1 Contingent Valuation Method -- 5.2.3.2 Contingent Choice Method -- 5.3 Ecosystem Services of Wetland -- 5.4 Chandubi Wetland: Introduction, Impact, and Introspection -- 5.5 Scaling up Wetland Conservation, Wise Use, and Restoration for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.6 Wetlands' Role in Achieving SDGs -- 5.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Ecosystem Services of Lagoon Wetlands System in India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Chilika Lagoon -- 6.3 Ecosystem Services Provided by Chilika Lagoon -- 6.3.1 Provisioning Services -- 6.3.2 Regulating Services -- 6.3.3 Cultural Services -- 6.3.4 Supporting Services. , 6.4 Threats and Management of Chilika Lagoon -- 6.5 Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.6 Ecosystem Services Provided by Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.6.1 Provisioning Services -- 6.6.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna of Pulicat -- 6.6.3 Regulatory Services Provided by Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.6.4 Historical and Cultural Importance of Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.6.5 Supporting Services Provided by Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.6.6 Threats and Management of Pulicat Lagoon -- 6.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Sustainable Practices for Conservation of Wetland Ecosystem -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Role of Wetlands in the Ecosystem -- 7.3 Challenges to Conserve Wetlands -- 7.4 Wetland Management and Sustainable Development -- 7.5 Future Strategies for Wetland Conservation -- 7.6 Development of the Legal Framework -- 7.7 Technology Intervention with Baseline Data for Wetland Conservation -- 7.8 Development of National Action Plans -- 7.9 Promotion of Research for Conservation Setup -- 7.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Assessing the Benefits, Threats and Conservation of Reservoir-Based Wetlands in the Eastern Himalayan River Basin -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 RBWs' Significance and Ignorance -- 8.1.2 RBWs in India -- 8.1.3 The RBWs in the Eastern Himalayas -- 8.2 The RBWs in the Tista Basin -- 8.3 Benefits of Reservoirs as Wetland -- 8.3.1 Ecosystem Services Provided by the RBWs -- 8.4 Assessment of Ecosystem Services in the Tista Basin Provided by the RBWs -- 8.5 Adverse Impact of RBWs -- 8.5.1 Construction and Function of RBWs Across the World -- 8.5.2 Adverse Impact of RBWs in the Eastern Himalayas -- 8.6 Assessment of Impact on the Tista Basin -- 8.7 Potential Challenges and Threats to RBW -- 8.7.1 Anthropogenic Activities -- 8.7.2 Variations in Water Level -- 8.8 Climate Change -- 8.9 Management and Conservation of RBWs -- 8.10 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 9 Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Causes and Consequences of Wetland Degradation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification of Wetlands -- 9.3 Causes of and Consequence of Wetland Degradation -- 9.3.1 Natural Causes -- 9.3.1.2 Disintegration of Barrier Islands -- 9.3.1.3 Flooding and Salinization -- 9.3.1.4 Herbivory -- 9.3.1.5 Climate Change -- 9.3.1.6 Major Shifts in a River's Course -- 9.3.2 Anthropogenic Causes of Wetland Loss -- 9.3.2.1 Infrastructure Development -- 9.3.2.2 Land Conversion -- 9.3.2.3 Water Withdrawal -- 9.3.2.4 Eutrophication and Pollution -- 9.3.2.5 Overharvesting and Overexploitation -- 9.3.2.6 Introduction of Invasive Species -- 9.3.2.7 Others -- 9.4 Consequences of Wetland Loss -- 9.4.1 Loss of Biodiversity -- 9.4.2 Decrease in Water Level -- 9.4.3 Loss of Habitat -- 9.4.4 Climate Change -- 9.4.5 Emission of Greenhouse Gases -- 9.4.6 Erosion of River Delta -- References -- Chapter 10 The Status of Current Knowledge, Distribution, and Conservation Challenges of Wetland Ecosystems in Kashmir Himalaya, India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Wetlands Over North-Western Kashmir Himalaya -- 10.2.1 Current Status -- 10.2.2 Wetland Classification -- 10.2.3 Wetland Distribution and Extent in Kashmir Himalaya -- 10.3 Wetland Functions and Values -- 10.3.1 Regulatory functions -- 10.3.2 Provisioning Functions -- 10.3.3 Cultural Functions -- 10.3.4 Supporting Functions -- 10.3.5 Economic Values -- 10.4 Drivers of Wetland Degradation -- 10.4.1 Land System Changes -- 10.4.2 Pollution -- 10.4.3 Floating Agriculture -- 10.4.4 Siltation -- 10.4.5 Roads and Railways -- 10.4.6 Plantations -- 10.4.7 Overexploitation -- 10.4.8 Weed Infestation -- 10.4.9 Hunting and Poaching -- 10.4.10 Land Reclamation -- 10.5 Wetland Conservation in Kashmir Himalaya -- 10.5.1 Legal Framework -- 10.5.2 Conservation Challenges -- 10.5.3 Conservation Strategies. , 10.5.4 Knowledge Gaps -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Heavy Metal Pollution in Coastal Environment and Its Remediation Using Mangroves: An Eco-sustainable Approach -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Pollution in Mangrove Habitats: A Global Concern -- 11.3 Heavy Metal Cycling in the Mangrove Ecosystem -- 11.4 Heavy Metal Transport, Uptake, and Release -- 11.5 Bioavailability and Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Sediments -- 11.6 Factors Affecting Heavy Metals in the Sediment -- 11.7 Heavy Metal Accumulation in Mangrove Plants -- 11.8 Heavy Metal Remediation Potential of Mangroves -- 11.9 Distribution of Heavy Metals in Different Plant Tissues of Mangrove Species -- 11.10 Application of Phytoremediation to Coastal Pollution Remediation -- 11.10.1 Phytoremediation Using Constructed Wetlands (CWs) Technology -- 11.10.2 Phytoremediation Using Constructed Floating Bed -- 11.11 Eco-remediation Technologies as Sustainable Natural Treatment Systems for Waste Water Treatment -- 11.12 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 12 Mangrove Forests: Distribution, Species Diversity, Roles, Threats and Conservation Strategies -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Mangrove Species Diversity -- 12.3 Geographical Distribution of Mangroves Across the Globe and India -- 12.4 Important Roles of Mangroves -- 12.4.1 Mangrove Forests are the Richest and Most Biodiverse Ecosystems on Earth -- 12.4.2 Aquaculture: Shrimp and Fish Cultivation -- 12.4.3 Protection from Natural Disasters: Mangroves Act as Natural Bioshields Against Natural Disasters -- 12.4.4 Medicinal Value of Mangroves -- 12.5 Threats to Mangroves -- 12.5.1 Human Settlements and Other Developmental Activities -- 12.5.2 Excessive Extraction of Wood -- 12.5.3 Conversion of Mangrove Forests for Farming and Related Activities. , 12.5.4 Conversion of Mangrove Forests for Aquaculture.