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  • 1
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    Pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover in Europe for 36 grid-cells and the last 11700 years (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Marquer, Laurent; Gaillard, Marie-José; Sugita, Shinya; Poska, Anneli; Trondman, Anna-Kari; Mazier, Florence; Nielsen, Anne Birgitte; Fyfe, Ralph M; Jönsson, Anna Maria; Smith, Benjamin; Kaplan, Jed O; Alenius, Teja; Birks, H John B; Bjune, Anne Elisabeth; Christiansen, Jörg; Dodson, John; Edwards, Kevin J; Giesecke, Thomas; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Kangur, Mihkel; Koff, Tiiu; Latalowa, Malgorzata; Lechterbeck, Jutta; Olofsson, Jörgen; Seppä, Heikki (2017): Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 171, 20-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: This dataset corresponds to the pollen-based REVEALS estimates of 25 plant taxa for Europe and associated standard errors, published in Marquer et al. (2017). This is part of the results from the Swedish project LandClim I (Gaillard et al., 2010; Trondman et al., 2015; Marquer et al., 2014, 2017). The study area includes a large part of northern and Central Europe, i.e. Ireland, Great Britain and a latitudinal transect from the Alps in the south to northernmost Norway. These REVEALS estimates are based on 151 pollen records (small/large, lakes/bogs/mires) that were selected from the European Pollen Database (Fyfe et al., 2009; Giesecke et al., 2014), the Alpine Palynological Data-Base (University of Bern, Switzerland), or were provided directly by individual data contributors. The selected pollen records are grouped into 36 1° x 1° grid-cells. Twenty-five consecutive time windows over the last 11,700 years BP are used: 0-100, 100-350, 350-700 BP for the three first time windows, and 500 calendar years each from 700 to 11,700 BP. For details about the REVEALS model, see Sugita (2007). In the excel file, the folder "Metadata" contains the explanation of abbreviations in the data folders and information about the pollen records used for the REVEALS reconstructions. All REVEALS estimates and their SEs are given in proportions of the grid cell (the total of all REVEALS estimates sum up to 1). The codes of the 25 consecutive time windows are given in the folder "Code time windows". The results of the 36 grid cells are in the folder "REVEALS 36GCs" and the related standard errors in the folder "SE_REVEALS 36GCs". Note that in the folder "Metadata", the GPS coordinates correspond to the upper left (NW) corners of each grid cell.
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; Europe; Holocene; Past land cover; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; Pollen; REVEALS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 392.2 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    (Table 1) Radiocarbon ages of samples taken from five sites in north-eastern European Russia (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Väliranta, Minna; Kaakinen, Anu; Kuhry, Peter; Kultti, Seija; Salonen, J Sakari; Seppä, Heikki (2011): Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia. Journal of Biogeography, 38(5), 922-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02448.x
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Aim: Concepts about patterns and rates of post-glacial tree population migration are changing as a result of the increasing amount of palaeobotanical information being provided by macroscopic plant remains. Here we combine macrofossil, pollen and stomata records from five sites in north-eastern European Russia and summarize the results for the late-glacial-early Holocene transition. The late-glacial-early Holocene transition encompasses the first indications of trees (tree-type Betula, Picea abies, Abies sibirica and Larix sibirica) and subsequent forest development. Considerable time-lags between the first macrobotanical and/or stomata finds of spruce (Picea abies) and the establishment of a closed forest are reconsidered. Location: Pechora basin, north-eastern European Russia. Methods: We used plant macrofossil, stomata, pollen and radiocarbon analyses to reconstruct late-glacial and early Holocene tree establishment and forest development. The data were derived from lake sediment and peat archives. Results: Palaeobotanical data reveal an early Holocene presence (11,500-10,000 cal. yr bp) of arboreal taxa at all five sites. One site presently located in the northernmost taiga zone, shows the presence of spruce and reproducing tree birch during the late-glacial. Given the current view of post-glacial population dynamics and migration rates, it seems likely that the source area of these early tree populations in north-eastern European Russia was not located in southern Europe but that these populations had local origins. Results thus support the emerging view that the first post-glacial population expansions in non-glaciated regions at high latitudes do not reflect migration from the south but were a result of an increase in the size and density of small persisting outlying tree populations. Main conclusions: Results suggest that the area east of the margin of the Scandinavian ice sheet to the Ural Mountains had isolated patches of trees during the late-glacial and early Holocene and that these small populations acted as initial nuclei for population expansion and forest development in the early Holocene.
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, comment; Age, dated; Age, dated material; Age, dated standard deviation; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Event label; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Lake; Lake_Kharinei; Lake_Llet-ti; Lake_Mezhgornoe; Lake_Tumbulovaty; Ortino_peat_pl; Russia; Sample ID
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 221 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Quantitative reconstruction of hydroclimate variability over the last 200 kyr in the West Mediterranean (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: The data show the quantitative annual, winter and summer precipitation reconstructions (mm/yr) from southern Iberian Peninsula for the last ~200,000 years (Camuera et al., 2022), based on the previously published fossil pollen data from the Padul-15-05 lake sediment record (Ramos-Román et al., 2018a, b; Camuera et al., 2019, 2021). The Padul-15-05 record, located in southern Spain (37º00'39''N, 3º36'14''W, 726 masl), was retrieved during summer 2015 from the current edge of the lake using a Rolatec RL-48-L hydraulic percussion coring machine. The quantitative precipitation reconstructions were performed using the performance statistics of the Weighted Averaging-Partial Least Squares (WA-PLS)-based transfer function model under cross-validation. This pollen-based transfer function method was run using the C2 program (version 1.7.7) with a modern pollen climate calibration model from the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database v2 (EMPDv2) (Davis et al., 2020).
    Keywords: AGE; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Iberian Peninsula; Padul-15-05; Precipitation, annual, mean; Precipitation, summer, mean; Precipitation, winter, mean; precipitation changes; Precipitation reconstruction, transfer function-based approach; Quantitative reconstruction; Sierra Nevada, Spain; West Mediterranean Humid Periods
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1314 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inductive noise thermometer: Theoretical aspects (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a new noncontacting method for measuring the temperature of electrically conducting objects by sensing the magnetic field noise. When a high-Q antenna is placed close to a conductive material, e.g., a hot metal plate, the effective noise temperature of the antenna becomes proportional to the temperature of the material. Contrary to the conventional noise thermometer in which a resistor is embedded in the material, the method requires neither galvanic nor thermal contact. If the antenna impedance at different frequencies is known, the temperature of the object can be calculated from the total voltage noise of the antenna. We show, however, that for high-Q antennae the knowledge of the impedance at resonance is adequate to determine the unknown temperature. Consequently, the temperature of moving objects can be measured via synchronous monitoring of the total noise of the antenna and its impedance at resonance. Since only electrically conductive objects create magnetic field noise, the method is immune to nonconductive contamination of the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parasitic capacitance and inductance on the dynamics and noise of dc superconducting quantum interference devices (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 6150-6166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Practical thin-film dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are often built with an integrated input coil which leads to the formation of various parasitic elements. We have designed and fabricated several square washer-shaped dc SQUID test devices with various amounts of parasitic capacitance formed by covering the washer slits with superconducting coverplates of various widths. In the simplest approximation, the parasitic capacitance Cp appears entirely across the Josephson junctions; in a better approximation, Cp divides the total inductance into two parts, an effective SQUID loop inductance L and a small parasitic inductance Lp. For both models, noise-free and noise-rounded current-voltage and voltage-flux characteristics are calculated for various values of the ratios L/Lp and Cp/C, where C is the Josephson junction capacitance. The SQUID dynamics are significantly affected by Cp and Lp. The energy resolution ε at first deteriorates with increasing Cp for Cp/C (approximately-less-than) 2, but as Cp/C becomes large, ε improves to less than twice the value for Cp/C ≈ 0. The optimal points of operation for large Cp, however, are found at voltages above the low-frequency resonance determined by L and Cp where the flux-to-voltage transfer function is low. Furthermore, for devices with Cp/C (very-much-greater-than) 1 and Lp≠0, the double-loop geometry leads to an additional resonance determined by Lp and C that appears at high frequencies. The energy resolution inside this high-frequency resonance is nearly independent of Cp and comparable to the energy resolution of a device having the same total inductance but with Cp/C (very-much-less-than) 1. Extensive noise mappings on several different test devices have been carried out using a computer-controlled measurement system. The measured characteristics and noise performance are shown to be in good agreement with the simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350424
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high open-loop gain controller (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2449-2451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new controller, especially suited for phase-locked loops, is discussed. The controller, composed of RC-circuit electronics, has a gain with a slope of −30 dB/decade over a wide bandwidth. It is shown that in certain systems the present controller (PI3/2 controller) provides a much higher feedback gain than an ordinary proportional-integrator controller (PI controller). As applications, the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and an electrically adjustable point contact used in surface microscopy or spectroscopy are discussed in some detail. The operation of the controller in a piezo-driven point contact was studied experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141337
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the tank circuit noise on the dc impedance of the rf-biased R-SQUID (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3579-3582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The tank circuit noise in an rf-biased R-SQUID noise thermometer is shown to have a small but a detectable influence on the dc impedance of the resistively shunted Josephson junction. The result supplements earlier calculations which have been used to explain some of the experimentally observed characteristics of the dc impedance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342634
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inductive noise thermometer: Practical realization (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1593-1600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new concept, called inductive noise thermometer, for measuring temperature of electrically conductive materials without any physical contact was realized in practice. In the method a low-loss coil is placed close to the electrically conductive material. The increase in the noise voltage of the coil is related to the temperature of the material. Results from laboratory experiments on steel up to temperatures of 1300 K showed an agreement with conventional thermocouple recordings within an uncertainty of 1%. The thermometer built was also tested on a continuous casting machine of a steel mill. The preliminary experimental results were encouraging although at times external rf disturbances disrupted the measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144031
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the Josephson junction on the impedance and noise of a resistive superconductive quantum interference device (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5241-5249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The impedance and noise of a resistive superconductive quantum interference device (R-SQUID) have been measured as a function of the dc and rf currents applied to it. The Josephson junction was adjustable so that data were also taken for several values of the junction critical current. The results were compared with the predictions of a resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model which takes into account the influence of the Josephson junction on the impedance and noise. The agreement was found to be quite good and demonstrates that the noise in the circuit is well understood. Use of the R-SQUID as a noise thermometer below 1 K is assessed in terms of corrections due to the RSJ model. It is demonstrated how the dc and rf currents may be adjusted so that the total noise of the R-SQUID is reduced to within 0.1% of the Johnson noise generated by the resistor alone. Under these conditions, the R-SQUID may be used as a noise thermometer to determine thermodynamic temperature to this inaccuracy from 6 to 700 mK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354264
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen-stratigraphical evidence of Holocene hydrological change in northern Fennoscandia supported by independent isotopic data (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: pollen stratigraphy ; oxygen isotopes ; northern Fennoscandia ; Holocene palaeohydrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pollen records from 21 sites were used to reconstruct Holocene hydrological changes in northern Fennoscandia. The inferred dominance of maritime-type Betula-forests from c. 9600 BP onwards indicate an oceanic climate in the region during the early Holocene, with high amounts of precipitation and low seasonal contrasts. This interpretation is supported by oxygen isotope records obtained on lacustrine carbonates from Abisko, northern Sweden. Enrichment of 18O during the early Holocene suggests enhanced zonal circulation and a pronounced influence of Atlantic air-masses in northern Sweden. The pattern of Pinus expansion in the area was time-transgressive, ranging from 9200-8000 BP in the extreme north-east to 7900-5500 BP in the western and south-western parts of the region. The replacement of Betula-forests by Pinus-forests indicates a climatic change towards drier summers and increased seasonality. At Abisko, a close correlation between regional Pinus expansion and depletion of 18O in lacustrine carbonates suggests that the expansion of Pinus was triggered by a gradual attenuation of the influence of westerlies. Thus, in large-scale palaeohydrological terms, the early expansion of Pinus in the north-easternmost parts of Fennoscandia as compared to the successively later expansion in the west and south-west may reflect a gradually decreasing influence of Atlantic air-masses in northern Fennoscandia during the early and mid Holocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008169800682
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