Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: Southern Baltic Coastal Systems Analysis: Questions, Conceptions, and Red Threads -- 2: Coastal Ecosystems from a Social-Ecological Perspective -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Individual and Collective Demands for Marine Ecosystem Performance -- 2.3 Disciplinary Starting Points of the Analysis -- 2.3.1 Aspects of Marine Ecology -- 2.3.2 Aspects of Costal Ecology -- 2.3.3 Aspects of Ecosystem Analysis -- 2.3.4 Aspects of Environmental Economics -- 2.3.5 Aspects of Environmental Ethics: A Philosophical Rationale for Ecosystem Services -- 2.4 Interdisciplinary Structure of the Book and Detailed Research Questions -- References -- Part II: Ecological Structures and Functions of the German Baltic Sea Coast -- 3: The Abiotic Background: Climatic, Hydrological, and Geological Conditions of the Southern Baltic -- References -- 4: Geological and Sedimentary Conditions -- References -- 5: Environmental Conditions at the Coast: The Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 5.1 Delineating the Study Area: Basic Characteristics -- 5.2 Geology and Geomorphology -- 5.3 Environmental Conditions -- 5.4 Major Social and Economic Structures of the Research Area -- References -- Maps: Data Sources -- 6: Environmental Conditions at the Coast: Shoreline Ecosystems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Southern Baltic Sea Coastal Geology -- 6.3 Cliffs -- 6.4 Dunes -- 6.5 Shallow Low-Lying Coast -- 6.6 Coastal Reed Belts -- 6.7 Pastures and Meadows Behind Dykes -- References -- 7: Ecosystem and Landscape Functions of the Coast: Recent Research Results -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Physical and Chemical Functions of Shallow Coast Ecosystems -- 7.2.1 Erosion Protection and Vertical Accretion -- 7.2.2 Carbon Storage and Sequestration -- 7.2.3 Coastal Wetlands as Buffers for Nutrients. , 7.2.4 Sedimentation and Peat Accretion -- 7.2.5 Phosphorus Sorption in Sediments -- 7.2.6 Phosphorus Uptake by Plants -- 7.3 Seasonal Aspects and Short-Term Variability in Shallow Coast Ecosystems -- 7.4 Long-Term Trends of Shallow Coast Ecosystems -- References -- 8: Benthic Habitats and Their Inhabitants -- 8.1 Genesis -- 8.2 Detection and Mapping -- 8.3 Classification -- 8.4 Anthropogenic Pressures and Conservational Aspects -- References -- Part III: Ecological Structures and Functions of Coastal Water and Offshore Ecosystems -- 9: Introducing the Ecological Aspects -- 10: Baltic Sea Aquatic Ecosystems in a Gradient from Land to Open Sea -- References -- 11: Comparison of Abiotic Parameters and Dominant Primary Producers Between the Two Main Investigation Areas -- 11.1 Darß-Zingst Bodden Chain (DZBC) -- 11.2 Westrügensche Bodden (WRB) -- References -- 12: Short-Term Variability, Long-Term Trends and Seasonal Aspects in the Darß-Zingst Bodden Chain -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Data Overview -- 12.3 Long-Term Monitoring and Short-Term Variability in Zingst and the Zingster Strom -- 12.4 Salinity, Oxygen and Transparency -- 12.5 Eutrophication and Nutrients -- 12.6 Phytoplankton Biomass and Composition -- 12.7 Primary Production -- 12.8 Discussion -- References -- 13: Carbon Fluxes/Food-Webs: Effect of Macrophytes on Food Web Characteristics in Coastal Lagoons -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Primary Producers -- 13.3 Consumers and Carbon Fluxes -- 13.4 Differences of Food Web Characteristics Between Both Lagoons -- 13.5 The ``Paradox of Enrichment´´ -- 13.6 Alternative Stable States -- References -- 14: Ecological Structure in Benthic Habitats of Offshore Waters -- References -- 15: Patterns of Bioturbation and Associated Matter Fluxes -- References -- 16: Seasonal Aspects and Short-Term Variability of the Pelagic Offshore Ecosystems -- 16.1 Background. , 16.2 Belt Sea -- 16.3 Southern Baltic Proper -- References -- 17: Long-Term Trends of the Offshore Ecosystems -- 17.1 Phytoplankton -- 17.2 Macrozoobenthos -- References -- 18: Nutrient and Limitation Regimes in Coastal Water Ecosystems -- 18.1 Background -- 18.2 Data Basis -- 18.3 Coastal Bloom Types and Spatial Trends -- 18.4 Temporal Variability in Bloom Periodicity -- 18.5 Driving Factors of Coastal Blooms -- References -- Part IV: Combining the Aspects: Ecosystem Service Assessment -- 19: The Human Factor: Coastal Social-Ecological Systems -- 19.1 Introduction: Human Factors and Normative Analyses -- 19.2 Economic Aspects of Human-Environmental Relations -- 19.2.1 Starting Points in Environmental Economics -- 19.2.2 The Social-Economic and Behavioral Science Perspective -- 19.2.3 Integrating ES-Research and the Behavioral Science Perspective -- 19.3 Environmental Ethics: Patterns of Reasoning -- 19.3.1 Dependence and Reliance -- 19.3.2 Eudaimonic Values -- 19.3.3 Intergenerational Responsibility -- 19.3.4 Environmental Virtue Ethics and Biophilia -- 19.3.5 Religion and Spiritual Services -- 19.3.6 Inherent Moral Value -- 19.3.7 Conclusion -- 19.4 Systems-Based Aspects of Human-Environmental Relations -- References -- 20: Introduction: The Concept of Ecosystem Service Assessment Applied to Coastal Systems -- 20.1 Comprehending Ecosystem Services -- 20.2 Conceptualizing Ecosystem Service Production -- 20.3 Introducing the Contents of Chap. 21 to 26 -- References -- 21: The Missing Links in Ecosystem Service Research -- 21.1 Marine Policies and the Ecosystem Approach -- 21.2 Participatory Systematic Mapping of the Evidence Base -- 21.3 Ecosystem Service Research -- 21.4 Ecosystem Service Valuation -- 21.5 Human Health and Well-being -- 21.6 Implications for Research to Support Environmental Management and Policy -- References. , 22: Eudaimonic Valuation of Cultural Ecosystem Services -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Findings -- 22.2.1 Example 1: Tourism -- 22.2.2 Example 2: Landscape Aesthetics and Inspiration -- 22.2.3 Other Cultural Services in Brief -- 22.3 Historical Framings -- 22.4 Conclusion -- References -- 23: Economic Valuation of Cultural Ecosystem Services -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Theoretical Background -- 23.3 Implementation of the Study -- 23.4 Results -- 23.4.1 Results from the Survey of Tourists -- 23.4.2 Results from the Survey of Residents -- 23.5 Discussion -- 23.6 Conclusion -- References -- 24: Spatial Ecosystem Service Assessment Across the Land-Sea Interface -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Towards a Joint Spatial Typology for Land and Sea -- 24.3 Towards a Joint Ecosystem Service Assessment Method -- 24.4 Mapping Ecosystem Services Across Land and Sea -- 24.5 Assessing Ecosystem Services in the Coastal Zone -- 24.6 Lessons Learnt: The Spatial View Across the Land-Sea Interface -- 24.7 Conclusions -- References -- 25: Temporal Changes in Aquatic Ecosystem Services Provision: Approach and Examples -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 EU Water Policy as a Framework -- 25.3 The Assessment Approach -- 25.4 Application Examples: Southern Baltic Coastal Waters -- 25.4.1 Provisioning Ecosystem Services -- 25.4.2 Regulating and Maintenance Ecosystem Services -- 25.4.3 Cultural Ecosystem Services -- 25.5 Lessons Learnt: The Role of Time in Ecosystem Services Assessments -- References -- 26: Assessing Temporal Changes in Ecosystem Service Provisions: Conceiving Future Pathways -- 26.1 Our Coastal Zone: Influenced by Climate Change and Agricultural Production -- 26.1.1 Climate Change -- 26.1.2 Agricultural Production -- 26.2 Ecosystem Service Scenario Assessment -- 26.3 The Scenarios -- 26.4 A Glimpse into the Future -- Box 26.1 Caution-Hot!. , Box 26.2: Blue carbon potential in the German Baltic Sea zone: a case study -- 26.5 Our Future Is Not Fixed -- References -- Part V: Synthesis: Assessment as a Tool for Managing Coastal Ecosystems? -- 27: Applying the Integrated Approach -- References -- 28: Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Production: An Outcome of Ecosystem Functions and Ecological Integrity in Coastal Lagoons -- 28.1 Introduction -- 28.2 The Theoretical Framework -- 28.3 Methodological Starting Point -- 28.4 The Case Studies -- 28.4.1 Case Study I: Bioturbation -- 28.4.2 Case Study II: Macrophytes -- 28.4.3 Case Study III: Phytoplankton -- 28.5 Merging the Case Studies and the Theoretical Framework -- 28.6 Discussion -- 28.6.1 Linking Empirical Ecologists to Ecosystem Service Specialists -- 28.6.2 Linking Ecological Investigations to Ecosystem Service Production -- 28.6.3 The Role of Biodiversity -- 28.6.4 The Role of Dynamic Changes -- 28.6.5 The Role of Distinct Viewpoints -- 28.6.6 The Role of Scales -- 28.6.7 The Role of Uncertainties -- 28.6.8 Connecting Ecosystem Services and Empirical, Ecosystem-Based Results -- 28.7 Conclusions -- References -- 29: Ecosystem Service Assessment in European Coastal and Marine Policies -- 29.1 Introduction -- 29.2 Biodiversity Strategy and Habitats Directive -- 29.3 European Water Framework Directive -- 29.4 European Marine Directive -- 29.5 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) -- 29.6 Maritime Spatial Planning Directive -- 29.7 Other Coastal and Marine Policies -- 29.8 Synthesis -- References -- 30: Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development: The Case for Strong Sustainability -- References -- 31: Concluding Remarks -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Long-Term Ecosystem Research Between Theory and Application 0 An Introduction -- References -- Part II The Significance of Ecological Long-Term Processes -- 2 Theoretical Demands for Long-Term Ecological Research and the Management of Long-Term Data Sets -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ecosystems Have Become Focal Units of Environmental Research -- 2.3 Ecosystem Comprehension Needs Long-Term Aspects -- 2.3.1 Understanding Large-Scale Temporal Variabilities of Ecological Variables -- 2.3.2 Understanding the Interactions of Short-Term Fluctuations Versus Long-Term Trends -- 2.3.3 Understanding Self-Organizing Ecological Mechanisms -- 2.3.4 Understanding Rare Events and Disturbances -- 2.3.5 Understanding Anthropogenic Land Use Impacts on Ecosystem Functions -- 2.3.6 Development and Evaluation of New Ecosystem Models for Resource Management -- 2.4 Data Management as a Pre-requisite of Long-Term Research -- 2.5 The Outcome: Theory, Ecosystem Modelling, and Ecosystem Management Need Information About Long-Term Ecological Processes -- References -- 3 Long-Term Ecosystem Dynamics: Theoretical Concepts of Environmental Change -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Components of Ecological Succession -- 3.3 Ecosystem Growth and Development -- 3.4 Adaptive Cycle -- 3.5 Complex Adaptive System Orientors -- 3.6 Long-Term Dynamics of Socio-ecological Systems -- 3.7 Ecosystem Dynamics and Environmental Management -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Scientific Potential of Environmental Monitoring -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Scientific Potentials of Monitoring Data in Ecosystem Research -- 4.3 Case Studies on Monitoring Activities in Two Environmental Protection Initiatives -- 4.3.1 Water Framework Directive. , 4.3.2 Long-Term Forest Monitoring -- Current Examples of the ICP Forests Level I and II Programs -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part III Exploring Long-Term Processes: International Experience -- 5 Twenty-Eight Years of the US-LTER Program: Experience, Results, and Research Questions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Description of the US-LTER Program -- 5.2.1 Ecological Correlates to the Spread of Hantavirus -- 5.2.2 The Importance of Landscape Position -- 5.2.3 Managing Water in Tropical Catchments -- 5.2.4 Network Level Studies -- 5.3 Origin and History of the US-LTER Program -- 5.4 Challenges for LTER Type Research -- 5.5 New Challenges for the US-LTER Program -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- 6 Introducing the Next Generation of Ecosystem Research in Europe: LTER-Europe0s Multi-Functional and Multi-Scale Approach -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Definition, Terminology and History of LTER -- 6.3 Multi-Functionality and Key Characteristics of LTER-Europe -- 6.4 The Integrated Network of LTER Sites and LTSER Platforms -- 6.4.1 Introducing the LTSER Component -- 6.4.2 The Design of LTSER Platforms -- 6.4.3 Representativeness and Coverage -- 6.4.4 Implementing LTSER Platforms -- 6.5 Network of National LTER Networks -- 6.6 Governance of LTER-Europe -- 6.7 Network of Scientists and Disciplines -- 6.8 A Network of Data and Metadata -- 6.9 Part of a Network of Networks -- 6.10 Key Potential and Strengths of LTER -- 6.11 Outlook -- References -- 7 The Role of Ecosystem Modelling for Long-Term Ecological Research -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ecosystems as Stochastic Transfer Systems -- 7.3 Approaches to Ecosystem Modelling -- 7.3.1 State Space Approach -- 7.3.2 Relational Ecology Approach -- 7.3.3 Network Approach -- 7.4 Ecosystem Models and Long-Term Research -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 The Role of Statistics for Long-Term Ecological Research. , 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Statistical Approaches for Analysing Ecological Data -- 8.2.1 Static Statistics -- 8.2.1.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 8.2.1.2 Regression and Correlation -- 8.2.1.3 Variance and Covariance Analyses -- 8.2.1.4 Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis -- 8.2.1.5 Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis -- 8.2.1.6 Estimation Techniques -- 8.2.2 Dynamic Statistics -- 8.2.2.1 Statistics of Time Domain -- 8.2.3 Statistics of Frequency Domain -- 8.2.3.1 Fourier Analysis -- 8.2.3.2 Autocorrelation and Cross-Correlation -- 8.2.3.3 Spectral Analysis -- 8.3 Wavelet Analysis -- 8.3.1 The Continuous Wavelet Transform -- 8.3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform -- 8.4 Statistics and Long-Term Ecological Research -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 The Role of Remote Sensing in LTER Projects -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sensors, Resolution, Scale -- 9.3 Data Analysis Strategies for LTER -- 9.3.1 Maps from Classified Image Data -- 9.3.2 Analyzing Landscape Structure with Remote Sensing -- 9.3.3 Quantitative Parameters and Remote Sensing-Based Models -- 9.3.4 Remote Sensing and GIS Integration -- Knowledge-Based Image Analysis -- 9.3.5 Multitemporal Data Analysis -- 9.4 Examples from US-LTER Sites -- 9.4.1 Remote Sensing for the Andrews Forest LTER -- 9.4.2 Remote Sensing for the North Temperate Lakes LTER -- 9.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Part IV Concepts and Results: Presenting and Interpreting Long-Term Ecological Processes: AquaticEcosystem Research -- 10 Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Wadden Sea -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Area Description -- 10.3 Historical Changes Since the Mid-19th Century -- 10.4 Recent Changes -- 10.4.1 Temperature Changes -- 10.4.2 Salinity and Nutrients -- 10.4.3 Plankton -- 10.4.4 Benthos -- 10.5 Outlook -- References. , 11 Long-Term Model Simulation of Environmental Conditions to Identify Externally Forced Signals in Biological Time Series -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The coastDat Data Set -- 11.3 The Helgoland Roads Time Series -- 11.4 Methods -- 11.5 Results -- 11.6 Discussion -- References -- 12 Long-Term Investigations in Brackish Ecosystems -- 12.1 Characteristics of Brackish Environments -- 12.2 System Analysis Gradients -- 12.2.1 The Estuarine Gradient -- 12.2.2 The Marine Gradient -- 12.2.3 The Upwelling Gradient -- 12.3 System Analysis Long-Term Trends -- 12.3.1 Drowned River Valleys -- Cheapeake Bay -- 12.3.2 Large Brackish Systems -- Baltic Sea -- 12.3.3 Coastal Lagoons -- Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain -- 12.4 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Long-Term Ecological Research in Freshwater Ecosystems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Effects of Perturbations -- 13.3 Eutrophication -- 13.4 Acidification -- 13.5 Invasion by Non-native Species -- 13.6 Climate Change -- 13.7 Disadvantages and Limitations of Long-Term Investigations -- 13.8 Long-Term Investigations of German Lakes and Reservoirs -- 13.9 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Long-Term Monitoring in Rivers of South Germany Since the 1970s 0 Macrophytes as Indicators for the Assessment of Water Quality and Its Implications for the Conservation of Rivers -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area -- 14.3 Monitoring Scheme and Methods -- 14.4 Results -- 14.5 Discussion -- References -- Part V Concepts and Results:Presenting and Interpreting Long-TermEcological Processes:Terrestrial EcosystemResearch -- 15 Long-Term Observations of Soil Mesofauna -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Methodological Approach -- 15.2.1 Basic Requirements -- 15.2.2 Site Selection and Arrangement of Sampling Plots -- 15.2.3 Sampling -- 15.2.4 Extracting Microarthropods from Soil Samples -- 15.2.5 Counting, Sorting, and Identification of Soil Animals. , 15.2.6 Data Processing -- 15.3 Case Studies -- 15.3.1 Community Succession of Predatory Gamasine Mites on a Ruderal Site (Siedenburg, Germany) -- 15.3.1.1 Experimental Design and Sampling -- 15.3.1.2 Results -- 15.3.2 Long-Term Effects of Global Warming on Soil Collembola (Mazsalaca, Latvia) -- 15.3.2.1 Experimental Design and Sampling -- 15.3.2.2 Results -- 15.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 16 Tracing Biogeochemical Processes in Small Catchments Using Non-linear Methods -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Data -- 16.3 Methods -- 16.3.1 Principal Component Analysis -- 16.3.1.1 Linear Principal Component Analysis -- 16.3.1.2 Isometric Feature Mapping (Isomap) -- 16.3.1.3 Measure of Performance -- 16.3.2 Low-Pass Filtering of Time Series -- 16.4 Results -- 16.4.1 Explained Variance -- 16.4.2 Identification of Processes -- 16.4.2.1 Component: Redox Status -- 16.4.2.2 Component: Topsoil -- 16.4.2.3 Component: Road Salt -- 16.4.2.4 Component: Sulfate Contamination -- 16.4.3 Time Series -- 16.4.3.1 Meteorological Data -- 16.4.3.2 Redox Component -- 16.4.3.3 Topsoil Component -- 16.4.3.4 Sulfate Contamination Component -- 16.4.4 Interplay of Different Processes -- 16.4.4.1 Lysina Upslope Spring Lenka -- 16.4.4.2 Lehstenbach Groundwater Well GW01 -- 16.4.4.3 Antagonism Between NO 3- and SO 4 2- -- 16.5 Discussion -- 16.5.1 Ad Methods -- 16.5.2 Ad Results -- 16.5.2.1 Redox and Sulfate Contamination Components -- 16.5.2.2 Topsoil Component -- 16.5.2.3 Long-Term Patterns -- 16.5.2.4 Solute Concentration Versus Component Scores at the Lenka Site -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Long-Term Measurements to Quantify the Impact of Arable Management Practices on Deep Seepage and Nitrate Leaching -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Site and Soil Characteristics -- 17.2.2 Arable Management Systems. , 17.2.3 Soil Hydrological Measurements.

Anmerkung: Literaturangaben

Anmerkung: Literaturangaben

Anmerkung: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01DJ12107 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Mit dt. u. engl. Zsfassung

Anmerkung: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0674A , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache