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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten = 7 MB) , Graphen, Karten
    Edition: 2022
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Mittelatlantischer Rücken ; Hydrothermalsynthese ; Seminar Numerische Simulation von Lackierprozessen Stuttgart 2014
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 3
    In: Expedition Erde, Bremen : MARUM - Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, 2010, (2010), Seite 100-107, 9783000307720
    In: year:2010
    In: pages:100-107
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: zahlr. Ill. (farb.), graph. Darst., Kt.
    Language: German
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  • 4
    In: Earth and planetary science letters, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1966, 311(2011), 3/4, Seite 275-286, 1385-013X
    In: volume:311
    In: year:2011
    In: number:3/4
    In: pages:275-286
    Description / Table of Contents: The genesis of oceanic crust at intermediate to fast spreading ridges occurs by the crystallization of mantle melts accumulated in at least one shallow melt lens situated below the ridge axis. Seismic reflection data suggest that the depth of this melt lens is inversely correlated with spreading rate and thereby magma supply. The heat released in it by crystallization and melt injection is removed by a combination of hydrothermal cooling and diffusion. Due to the different time scales of hydrothermal cooling and crustal accretion, numerical models have so far focused on only one of the two processes. Here we present the results from a coupled model that solves simultaneously for crustal accretion and hydrothermal cooling. Our approach resolves both processes within one 2D finite-element model that self-consistently solves for crustal, mantle, and hydrothermal flow. The formation of new oceanic crust is approximated as a gabbro glacier, in which the entire lower crust crystallizes in one shallow melt lens. We find that the depth of the melt lens and the shape of hot (potentially molten) lower crust are highly dependent on the ridge permeability structure. The predicted depth of the melt lens is primarily controlled by the permeability at the ridge axis, whereas the off-axis permeability determines the width of hot lower crust. A detailed comparison of the modeling results with observed locations of the melt lens at intermediate to fast spreading ridges shows that only a relatively narrow range of crustal permeabilities is consistent with observations. In addition, we find significant deviations between models that resolve or parameterize hydrothermal cooling: the predicted crustal thermal structures show major differences for models that predict the same melt lens location. This illustrates the importance of resolving hydrothermal flow in simulations of crustal accretion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1385-013X
    Language: English
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  • 5
    In: Expedition Erde, Bremen : MARUM - Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, 2015, (2015), Seite 114-121, 9783000490453
    In: year:2015
    In: pages:114-121
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Subduktion ; Wasserkreislauf
    Description / Table of Contents: Zs.-Fassung ; Abstract
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: X, 91, [9] S. = 4.23 MB, Text) , Ill., graph. Darst
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    Language: English
    Note: Enth. Zeitschriftenaufsätze , Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2004
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  • 7
    In: Journal of geophysical research. B, Solid earth, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1978, 111(2006), 2169-9356
    In: volume:111
    In: year:2006
    In: extent:22
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to study electrical conductivity phenomena that are associated with subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes of the magnetotelluric transfer functions. The MT models demonstrate that the plate southern profile shows enhanced conductivity in the deep crust. The northern profile is dominated by an elongated conductive zone extending 〉250 km below the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The isolated conductivity anomalies in the southern profile are interpreted as slab fluids stored in the overlying deep continental crust. These fluids were released by progressive metamorphic dehydration of the basaltic oceanic crust. The conductivity anomalies may be related to the main dehydration reactions at the zeolite ? blueschist ? eclogite facies transitions and the breakdown of chlorite. This relation allows the estimation of a geothermal gradient of 8̃.5°C/km for the top of the subducting plate. The same dehydration reactions may be recognized along the northern profile at the same position relative to the depth of the plate, but more inland due to a shallower dip, and merge near the volcanic front due to steep downbending of the plate. When the oceanic crust reaches a depth of 80-90 km, ascending fluids produce basaltic melts in the intervening hot subcontinental mantle wedge that give rise to the volcanic belt. Water-rich basalts may intrude into the lower continental crust leading to partial melting. The elongated highly conductive zone below the TMVB may therefore be caused by partial melts and fluids of various origins, ongoing migmatization, ascending basaltic and granitic melts, growing plutons as well as residual metamorphic fluids. Zones of extremely high conductance (〉8000 S) in the continental crust on either MT profile might indicate extinct magmatism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 22 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 2169-9356
    Language: English
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  • 8
    In: Chemical geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1966, 239(2007), 3/4, Seite 323-335, 0009-2541
    In: volume:239
    In: year:2007
    In: number:3/4
    In: pages:323-335
    Description / Table of Contents: A model for the release of Li, Be and B from progressively dehydrating altered oceanic crust during subduction is presented. Combining clinopyroxene/fluid partition coefficients determined experimentally in an earlier study Brenan et al. [Brenan, J.M., Ryerson, F.J., Shaw, H.F., 1998. The role of aqueous fluids in the slab-to-mantle transfer of boron, beryllium, and lithium during subduction: Experiments and models. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 33373347] with apparent mineral/clinopyroxene partition coefficients as observed in natural high-pressure metamorphic rocks Marschall et al. [Marschall, H.R., Altherr, R., Ludwig, T., Kalt, A., Gméling, K., Kasztovszky, Zs., 2006a. Partitioning and budget of Li, Be and B in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 47504769] results in a set of mineral/fluid partition coefficients for high-pressure metamorphic minerals. Mineral modes of altered oceanic crust as a function of pressure and temperature along a given subduction path can be derived from thermodynamic calculations using the program PerpleX. Combination of these modes with mineral/fluid partition coefficients results in whole rock/fluid partition coefficients at any stage of the PT path including information on the amount of fluid released at any depth. Based on these data, the concentrations of Li, Be and B in subducting rocks and released fluids along a given PT path can be modelled. The derived information on B concentrations in rocks and fluids are combined with the temperature-dependent fractionation of B isotopes in order to model the B isotopic evolution of subducting rocks and released fluids. Model calculations are performed for two slightly different chemical compositions (hydrous MORB without K and with 0.5 wt.% K2O), in order to demonstrate the impact of phengite on the boron budget. Provided the necessary input data are available, the concept of such a model could be employed to quantify the trace element release from the slab from any lithology along any reasonable PT path.
    Type of Medium: Article
    ISSN: 0009-2541
    Language: English
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  • 9
    In: Nature geoscience, London : Nature Publishing Group, 2008, 2(2009), 2, Seite 137-140, 1752-0894
    In: volume:2
    In: year:2009
    In: number:2
    In: pages:137-140
    Description / Table of Contents: Intermediate-depth (50-300 km) earthquakes commonly occur along convergent plate margins but their causes remain unclear. In the absence of pore-fluid pressures that are sufficiently high to counter the confining pressure in such settings, brittle failure is unlikely. In such conditions, the rocks could fail by the mechanism of progressively self-localizing thermal runaway, whereby ductile deformation in shear zones leads to heating, thermal softening and weakening of rock. Here we test this hypothesis by focusing on fault veins of glassy rock (pseudotachylyte) formed by fast melting during a seismic event, as well as associated ductile shear zones that occur in a Precambrian terrane in Norway. Our field observations suggest that the pseudotachylytes as well as shear zones have a single-event deformation history, and we also document mineralogical evidence for interaction of the rocks with external fluids. Using fully coupled thermal and viscoelastic models, we demonstrate that the simultaneous occurrence of brittle and ductile deformation patterns observed in the field can be explained by self-localizing thermal runaway at differential stresses lower than those required for brittle failure. Our results suggest that by perturbing rock properties, weakening by hydration also plays a key role in shear zone formation and seismic failure; however, thermal runaway enables the rocks to fail in the absence of a free fluid phase.
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1752-0894
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 602-606 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Messinian salinity crisis—the desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea between 5.96 and 5.33 million years (Myr) ago—was one of the most dramatic events on Earth during the Cenozoic era. It resulted from the closure of marine gateways between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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