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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Nature conservation--Economic aspects. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: As humanity presses down inexorably on the natural world, people debate the extent to which we can save the Earth's millions of different species without sacrificing human economic welfare. But is this argument wise? Must the human and natural worlds be adversaries?In this book, ecologist Michael Rosenzweig finds that ecological science actually rejects such polarization. Instead it suggests that, to be successful, conservation must discover how we can blend a rich natural world into the world of economic activity. This revolutionary, common ground betweendevelopment and conservation is called reconciliation ecology: creating and maintaining species-friendly habitats in the very places where people live, work, or play.The book offers many inspiring examples of the good results already achieved. The Nature Conservancy, for instance, has a cooperative agreement with the Department of Defense, with more than 200 conservation projects taking place on more than 170 bases in 41 states. In places such as Elgin AirForce Base, the human uses-testing munitions, profitable timbering and recreation--continue, but populations of several threatened species on the base, such as the long-leaf pine and the red-cockaded woodpecker, have been greatly improved. The Safe Harbor strategy of the Fish & Wildlife Serviceencourages private landowners to improve their property for endangered species, thus overcoming the unintended negative aspects of the Endangered Species Act. And Golden Gate Park, which began as a system of sand dunes, has become, through human effort, a world of ponds and shrubs, waterfowl andtrees.Rosenzweig shows that reconciliation ecology is the missing tool of conservation, the practical, scientifically based approach that, when added to the rest, will solve the problem of preserving Earth's species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (224 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780198035459
    DDC: 333.95/16
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preamble -- CHAPTER 1 Reconciliation Ecology -- CHAPTER 2 Landscape Architecture for the Third Millennium -- CHAPTER 3 Prometheus in the Pinelands -- CHAPTER 4 Making Money -- CHAPTER 5 Hidden Costs -- A Personal Witness -- CHAPTER 6 Hard-Core Reconciliation -- CHAPTER 7 Happy Accidents -- CHAPTER 8 The Tyranny of Space -- CHAPTER 9 Falling Down the Time Shaft: The Case of the Incredible Shrinking Planet -- CHAPTER 10 Fighting for Crumbs: The Traditional Forms of Biological Conservation -- CHAPTER 11 Extinction Happens -- CHAPTER 12 Clearing Hurdles -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Illustration Sources -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 20 (1972), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the rate of convergence of the finite element method on polygonal domains in weighted Sobolev spaces. It is shown that the use of different spaces of trial and test functions will restrict the usual low rate of convergence to a neighborhood of each vertex of the polygonal domain.L 2-convergence and lower bounds on the error are also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Biocompatible inorganic matrices have been used to enhance bone repair by integrating with endogenous bone architecture. Hypothesizing that a three-dimensional framework might support reconstruction of other tissues as well, we assessed the capacity of a tantalum-coated carbon matrix to support ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We previously described a method for isolating murine hematopoietic stem cells capable of reconstituting lethally irradiated recipients, which depends solely on dual-wavelength flow cytometric analysis of murine bone marrow cells stained with the fluorescent DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342. This ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 47 (1980), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seed distribution (clump size) selection has been proposed as a possible mechanism of resource subdivision for competing heteromyid rodent species. To test this hypothesis, field experiments were conducted over two years during both richer and sparser seasons of the year. None of the predictions derived from the hypothesis were supported by our results. Though some selectivity was displayed by both Dipodomys spectabilis and D. merriami, the patterns of selectivity did not match the expected patterns. Our results further indicate that clump selection may be influenced by variables other than the density of seeds within a clump. These results have led us to conclude that clump size selection is unlikely to play a role in the coexistence of different species of the genus Dipodomys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 33 (1978), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An experiment was conducted to determine the microhabitat preferences of two heteromyid rodents, Dipodomys ordi and Perognathus flavus. This experiment used marked seeds and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer in order to study the environment as a mosiac of microhabitats. The results of our analysis indicate that these two heteromyids are microhabitat selectors. The preferences of the rodents are D. ordi: grass habitat 0.0%, near grass habitat 22.5%, open habitat 77.4% and P. flavus: grass habitat 46.2%, near grass habitat 32.2%, open habitat 21.4%. The overlap between the two species is only 0.43.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The populations of two coexisting species of Dipodomys (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were manipulated on 10, large, unenclosed, trapping grids. These manipulations revealed that, although many kangaroo rats are established residents in an area, a large number are transient individuals who quickly occupy vacated habitats. On plots from which residents had been removed, transients settled at rates of up to 5% of carrying capacity per day. These immigrants were invariably of the same species that was removed, indicating a strong element of intraspecific competition with little or no evidence of competition between the species. Trapping records suggest that these species avoid competition through habitat selection. Dipodomys ordii prefer a grassier habitat, and D. merriami a habitat dominated by creosote bush. Apparent overlap in their utilization of habitats, based on sites of capture, predicts competition coefficients to be higher than those permitted by the theory of limiting similarity and much higher than those actually shown by the perturbation experiments. This study demonstrates the dangers of estimating alpha without experimentation. This is especially true in cases where habitat selection may be important, since organisms may travel in habitats without collecting resources therein. Our results are discussed in light of a theory which examines the optimal (rather than tolerable) amount of overlap in habitat utilization between two potential competitors in a mixed habitat. This theory predicts that the pressure of natural selection should eliminate the interspecific competition entirely. However, the conclusion that the interspecific competitive alpha is zero does not lead to the conclusion that interspecific competition is unimportant in the system. Instead, if our interpretation is correct, such competition has molded the system, and were there not a continual threat of interspecific competition, the habitat specializations would soon disappear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The method of estimating interactions proposed independently by Pimm and Schoener is studied using field data from the community of rodents which lives in the arid, rocky habitats of Israel. One important problem the method addresses is how to remove the effects of habitat heterogeneity on the estimate. We tried six different variations of the analysis scheme outlined by Crowell and Pimm, and found their results qualitatively inconsistent. This was especially true when we compared the results produced from separate habitat variables with those produced from the principal components of the habitat variation. Another problem, this one not previously addressed, is great variation in the average abundance of the different species. We discovered that the ratio of the average abundances of two species is the best predictor of the value of their coefficients of interaction. Common species appear to have weak influence on rare ones; rare ones appear to have strong influence on common ones. The statistical mechanism which produces this relationship is clear, indicating that the relationship is an artifact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 1 (1987), S. 315-330 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Coevolution ; density-dependent fitnesses ; fitness sets ; habitat selection ; isolegs ; specialization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Question: What are the conditions required for natural selection to produce phenotypes specially adapted to the various habitats available in nature? Model: Assume there are two habitat types and one or two phenotypes of the same or different species. The phenotypes do not recognize any spatial differences among patches of the same habitat type. Possible evolutionary winners can do better in one habitat only by relinquishing some ability in the other. Results: If only one phenotype is present, it will be an intermediate (unless one of the two habitat types is so rare and unproductive that its effects can be ignored by natural selection). Even if two phenotypes are introduced, natural selection should generally restore monomorphism if habitat selection is not ever favored (e.g. if search costs are high). But if search costs and environmental variation are zero, dimorphism can be expected. And if they are small, then although monomorphism is stable, its basin of attraction is small, and invasion by a second form (such as a sibling species) can provide the discontinuous jump needed to put the system in the other basin of attraction. Once there, dimorphic extremism coevolves. Each successful morph is as specialized as possible on one of the habitats. Competition between the morphs is eliminated. Environmental variation may constrict the basin, but once a point is captured by it, the system approaches dimorphic extremism anyway. In general, whatever promotes the behavior of habitat selection also promotes the evolution of extreme morphologies and physiologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 1 (1987), S. 409-409 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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