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  • 1
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    Effects of a large fishing closure on benthic communities in the western Gulf of Maine: recovery from the effects of gillnets and otter trawls (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8787 | 403 | 2012-06-10 08:58:35 | 8787 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The recovery of benthic communities inside the western Gulfof Maine fishing closure area was evaluated by comparing invertebrate assemblages at sites inside and outside of the closure four to six years after the closure was established. The major restriction imposed by the closurewas a year-round prohibition of bottom gillnets and otter trawls. A total of 163 seafloor sites (~half inside and half outside the closure) within a 515-km2 study area were sampled with some combination of Shipek grab, Wildco box corer, or underwater video. Bottom types ranged from mud (silt and clay) to boulders, and the effects of the closure on univariate measures (total density, biomass, taxonomicrichness) of benthos varied widely among sediment types. For sites with predominantly mud sediments, there were mixed effects on inside and outside infauna and no effect onepifauna. For sites with mainly sand sediments, there were higher density, biomass, and taxonomic richness for infauna inside the closure, but no significant effects on epifauna. For sites dominated by gravel (which included boulders in some areas), there were no effects on infauna but strong effects on epifaunal density and taxonomic richness. For fishing gear, the data indicated that infauna recovered insand from the impacts of otter trawls operated inside the closure but that they did not recover in mud, and that epifauna recovered on gravel bottoms from the impact of gillnets used inside the closure. The magnitudes of impact and recovery, however, cannot be inferred directly from ourdata because of a confounding factor of different fishing intensities outside the closure for a direct comparison ofpreclosure and postclosure data. The overall negative impact of trawls is likely underestimated by our data,whereas the negative impact of gillnets is likely overestimated.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 308
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  • 2
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    The history of ocean resources : modeling cod biomass using historical records (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3 (2005): 78–84, doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0078:THOORM]2.0.CO;2.
    Description: Managing the remnants of the ocean's resources is a critical issue worldwide, but evidence for what constitutes a healthy fish population remains controversial. Here, we use historical sources to understand ecosystem trends and establish a biomass estimate for a key marine species prior to the industrialization of fishing. Declining trajectories have been described for predatory fishes and complex coral reef systems globally, but few numerical estimates of past abundance exist. We combined historical research methods and population modeling to estimate the biomass of cod on Canada's Scotian Shelf in 1852. Mid 19th-century New England fishing logs offer geographically specific daily catch records, describing fleet activity on fishing grounds with negligible incentive to falsify records. Combined with ancillary fishery documents, these logs provide a solid, reliable basis for stock assessment. Based on these data we estimate a biomass for cod of 1.26 × 106 mt in 1852 – compared with less than 5 × 104 mt of total biomass today. In the current policy debate about rebuilding depleted fisheries and restoring marine ecosystems, it is important to recognize that fisheries for key commercial species like cod were far more productive in the past. As we attempt to rebuild these fisheries, our decisions should reflect real and realistic goals for management, not just recently observed catch levels.
    Description: This study is part of the History of Marine Animal Populations Program (HMAP) Project of the Census of Marine Life (CoML), with funding support from the Alfred P Sloan Foundation. Additional support was provided by the University of New Hampshire.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Saving endangered whales at no cost (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Current Biology 17 (2007): R10-R11, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.045.
    Description: The North Atlantic right whale is one of the most critically endangered marine species. Drastic overexploitation has driven this large, slow-swimming baleen whale to virtual extinction in Europe, while a small remnant population of ~350 individuals remains on the U.S. and Canadian east coast. Although this species has been protected for 70 years, recovery has been slight and extinction is still looming because of accidental mortality from shipstrikes and fishing gear (Figure 1A,B). Seventy five percent of appropriately photographed whales show evidence of entanglement, predominantly with lobster fishing gear, and this percentage has increased from 52% in the 1980s. At the same time, the U.S. lobster fishery is severely overexploited (the inshore fishing mortalities in the two main U.S. regions are 0.69 and 0.84, while 0.2 achieves maximum yield per recruit). We argue here that this endangered whale species can be protected from entanglement mortality, and the fishery can benefit simultaneously, by a large reduction of lobster traps used; a classic win–win situation.
    Description: This work was supported by the Lenfest Foundation and NSERC.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 149764 bytes
    Format: 134903 bytes
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  • 4
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    Assessing the health of the U.S. west coast with a regional-scale application of the Ocean Health Index (2014)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is an open-access article, free of all copyright. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 9 (2014): e98995, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098995.
    Description: Management of marine ecosystems increasingly demands comprehensive and quantitative assessments of ocean health, but lacks a tool to do so. We applied the recently developed Ocean Health Index to assess ocean health in the relatively data-rich US west coast region. The overall region scored 71 out of 100, with sub-regions scoring from 65 (Washington) to 74 (Oregon). Highest scoring goals included tourism and recreation (99) and clean waters (87), while the lowest scoring goals were sense of place (48) and artisanal fishing opportunities (57). Surprisingly, even in this well-studied area data limitations precluded robust assessments of past trends in overall ocean health. Nonetheless, retrospective calculation of current status showed that many goals have declined, by up to 20%. In contrast, near-term future scores were on average 6% greater than current status across all goals and sub-regions. Application of hypothetical but realistic management scenarios illustrate how the Index can be used to predict and understand the tradeoffs among goals and consequences for overall ocean health. We illustrate and discuss how this index can be used to vet underlying assumptions and decisions with local stakeholders and decision-makers so that scores reflect regional knowledge, priorities and values. We also highlight the importance of ongoing and future monitoring that will provide robust data relevant to ocean health assessment.
    Description: Beau and Heather Wrigley generously provided the founding grant. Additional financial and in-kind support was provided by the Pacific Life Foundation, Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, the Oak Foundation, Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation, Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation, Conservation International, New England Aquarium, National Geographic, and the University of California Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, which supported the Ecosystem Health Working Group as part of the Science of Ecosystem-Based Management project funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Individual authors also acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/msword
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fishing for certainty (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 989-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Policy-makers receive formal and informal advice from all quarters: scientific, legal, political and public. Each piece of advice is considered mandatory by the giver, and it often conflicts with other advisers' points of view. Uncertainty is a feature of all advice, but it is usually only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/449989a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marine reserves and population recovery or how do closed areas affect exploited population dynamics (2000)
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 10 (2000), S. 519-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012256015195
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  • 7
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    Growth of Todarodes sagittatus(Lamarck) (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) from the northeast Atlantic, based on counts of statolith growth rings (1981)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Sarsia, 66 (1). pp. 53-57.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: Growth is described from size-at-age data. Size-at-age was determined from counts of daily growth rings on the statoliths of 65 individuals. A mean growth rate of 2 mm/day was calculated for a dorsal mantle length range of 15-52 cm. The month in which each individual hatched was back-calculated from the age data. A histogram of the frequency of hatching through the year is presented and shows peaks in May and October.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/00364827.1981.10414520
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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