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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysogeny in Bacillus (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 3 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1978.tb01961.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Nitrosomonas europaea on hydroxylamine (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 125 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxylamine is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, but until now it has not been possible to grow Nitrosomonas europaea on hydroxylamine. This study demonstrates that cells of N. europaea are capable of growing mixotrophically on ammonia and hydroxylamine. The molar growth yield on hydroxylamine (4.74 g mol−1 at a growth rate of 0.03 h−1) was higher than expected. Aerobically growing cells of N. europaea oxidized ammonia to nitrite with little loss of inorganic nitrogen, while significant inorganic nitrogen losses occurred when cells were growing mixotrophically on ammonia and hydroxylamine. In the absence of oxygen, hydroxylamine was oxidized with nitrite as electron acceptor, while nitrous oxide was produced. Anaerobic growth of N. europaea on ammonium, hydroxylamine and nitrite could not be observed at growth rates of 0.03 h−1 and 0.01 h−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07355.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of electron acceptor variations on the behaviour of Thiosphaera pantotropha and Paracoccus denitrificans in pure and mixed cultures (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 9 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1991.tb01756.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrification, denitrification and growth in artificial Thiosphaera pantotropha biofilms as measured with a combined microsensor for oxygen and nitrous oxide (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Cells of the aerobic denitrifier and heterotrophic nitrifier Thiosphaera pantotropha and of the traditional denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans were immobilized in a 1.5 mm thick agar layer (biofilm) and submersed in liquid medium. A combined microsensor for O2 and N2O was used to record microprofiles of these two species in biofilms where the reduction of N2O was inhibited by acetylene. Nitrification in T. pantotropha was not affected by the addition of acetylene and by using a diffusion-reaction model to simulate the N2O profiles it was possible to calculate depth profiles of both nitrification and denitrification. The validity of the calculations when both nitrification and denitrification were operating in concert was confirmed by performing identical calculations on data obtained for a P. denitrificans biofilm. At high NO3− concentrations, part of the NO3− reduced by T. pantotropha biofilms was reduced only to NO2− and N2O production thus did not reflect total NO3− reduction. When NO2− and no NO3− was present in the water above the biofilm N2O production was recorded in the anoxic zone directly below the oxic zone. Nitrous oxide production was never detected in the oxic zone of the biofilms, although aerobic denitrification was described for the original isolate of this bacterium. The growth rate of T. pantotropha in the oxic region of the biofilms was estimated to be 0.42 h−1 which is slightly higher than rates previously obtained in liquid culture. In the T. pantotropha biofilms nitrification was calculated to account for more than 50% of the O2 consumption whereas this process only consumed about 10% of the O2 in liquid culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00137.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfur cycling in Catenococcus thiocyclus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Since its isolation from marine volcanic areas, Catenococcus thiocyclus has been known to be able to oxidize thiosulfate to tetrathionate, but the benefits gained from the reaction were unknown. The energy to be gained from such a reaction is so small (1 electron per mol of thiosulfate, compared with 8 electrons if the thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate) that it seemed unlikely to be a useful metabolic reaction. However, continuous culture experiments have now revealed that C. thiocyclus is able to gain metabolically useful energy from this oxidation (biomass yields increased by approximately 20% after the addition of 7.75 mM thiosulfate to medium containing 20 mM acetate) by combining it with the chemical reduction of the tetrathionate by sulfide. The enzymes for thiosulfate oxidation appear to be constitutive. Moreover, with a suitable primary energy source (e.g. glucose), C. thiocyclus can reduce sulfur (S°) to sulfide and Fe3+ to Fe2+. A chemical reaction then generates FeS. Such reactions may have important implications for the sulfur cycle at oxic:anoxic interfaces in marine and freshwater systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00204.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation of ‘aerobic denitrification’ in batch cultures, using gas chromatography and 15N mass spectrometry (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Because of a revival in the controversy surrounding ‘aerobic denitrification’, especially in relation to Thiosphaera pantotropha, activity in aerobic batch cultures was evaluated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after the addition of 15N-labelled NH4+ and NO2−. Aerobic denitrifying activity in T. pantotropha was present, but only at about 10% of the originally-reported levels. The activity of ‘Pseudomonas denitrificans’ was similar to previously-reported values. Alcaligenes faecalis showed significant aerobic denitrifying activity, producing almost equivalent amounts of N2 and N2O. An unidentified pseudomonad, isolate G4, presumably requires anoxia for enzyme activity as it did not denitrify aerobically, even though it has a constitutive denitrifying pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00168.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrification and denitrification by Thiosphaera pantotropha in aerobic chemostat cultures (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Thiosphaera pantotropha has been reported to denitrify aerobically and nitrify heterotrophically. However, recent evidence has indicated that these properties (particularly aerobic denitrification) have been lost. The occurrence and levels of aerobic denitrification and heterotrophic nitrification by T. pantotropha in chemostat cultures have therefore been re-evaluated. Only low nitrate reduction rates were observed: the apparent nitrogen loss was of the same order of magnitude as the combined error in the calculated nitrogen consumption. However, 15N mass spectrometry revealed low aerobic denitrification rates (about 10% of the rates originally published by this group). Heterotrophic nitrification rates were about a third of previous observations. N2 and N2O were both produced from NH4+, NO3− and NO2−. Periplasmic nitrate reductase was present in aerobically grown cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00187.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined nitrification-denitrification processes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 15 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Nitrification and denitrification have traditionally been regarded as essentially separate phenomena, carried out by different bacteria in segregated areas of soil, sediments, water or reactors. However, research in the 1980s and 1990s has established that nitrifiers and denitrifiers are not as metabolically fastidious as previously thought, and strict segregation is not necessary. Moreover, some bacteria are able to convert NH44 and other reduced nitrogen compounds to nitrogen gas and the gaseous nitrogen oxides in combined nitrification/denitrification processes. Such organisms are of interest for wastewater treatment for two opposing reasons. Firstly, the idea of single-stage nitrogen removal has obvious attractions for system design. Secondly, N2O is a serious pollutant, implicated in virtually all current environmental problems (e.g. acid rain, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00129.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase in the obligately chemolithoautotrophic Thiobacillus sp. W5 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 147 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A highly active cytochrome c oxidase has been purified 75-fold from the neutrophilic obligately autotrophic Thiobacillus sp. W5. UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that the cytochrome c oxidase contains low-spin hemes c and low- and high-spin hemes b. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of heme b as the sole type of non-covalently bound heme. The combined data from atomic absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance indicate the absence of CuA and suggest the presence of a bimetallic heme-copper redox center. These results show that Thiobacillus sp. W5 contains a cbb3-type oxidase, which is a member of the heme–copper oxidase family. The cbb3-type oxidase was the only cytochrome oxidase expressed in aerobically and micro-aerobically grown Thiobacillus sp. W5 cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10231.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate by obligately heterotrophic bacteria, belonging to the Pseudomonas stutzeri group (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of strains of heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from various environments on the basis of their potential to oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds to tetrathionate. The isolates were screened for the ability to oxidize thiosulfate under denitrifying conditions. Many of them could grow anaerobically with acetate and nitrate, and eight strains could oxidize thiosulfate to tetrathionate under the same conditions. In batch cultures with acetate as carbon and energy source, most active anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation occurred with N2O as electron acceptor. The level of anaerobic thiosulfate-oxidizing activity in cultures and cell suspensions supplied with nitrate correlated with the activity of nitrite reductase in cell suspensions. Some strains converted thiosulfate to tetrathionate equally well with nitrite, nitrate and N2O as electron acceptors. Others functioned best with N2O during anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation. The latter strains appeared to have a lower level of nitrite reductase activity. Thiosulfate oxidation under anaerobic conditions was much slower than in the presence of oxygen, and was obviously controlled by the availability of organic electron donor. The strains had DNA-DNA similarity levels higher than 30%. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of four selected isolates showed their affiliation to specific genomovars of Pseudomonas stutzeri and the proposed new species, Pseudomonas balearica. As shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, the previously misnamed ‘Flavobacterium lutescens’ (ATCC 27951) is also a P. stutzeri strain which can oxidize thiosulfate to tetrathionate aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of N2O. The data suggest that tetrathionate-forming heterotrophic bacteria, in particular those belonging to the P. stutzeri‘superspecies’, can play a much more significant role in the biogeochemical cycles than was previously recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00640.x
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