Keywords:
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book is intended to provide medical radiography programs with an economical textbook that focuses on the practical aspects of digital radiography. In this new second edition by esteemed author Quinn B. Carroll and with content developed in close collaboration with the medical physics community and several reviewers, this is the most accurate information on digital imaging available. Terminology has been updated throughout the textbook to conform with the most recent revisions of the ASRT Radiography Curriculum Guide and the ARRT Radiography Content Specifications. Several new illustrations and helpful tables have been developed to clarify digital concepts. A new table, Operator Adjustments to Digital Image Qualities and Their Primary Controls, beautifully summarizes the effects of leveling, windowing, equalization, edge enhancement, smoothing and noise reduction, while related text reduces dozens of different manufacturers' terms to these basic operations in the table. Material on medical digital fluoroscopy and imaging informatics has been updated, with a continued emphasis on practical application and clinically useful information. Extensive support materials, including slides correlated to a student workbook, labs, comprehensive question banks and answer keys, have all been updated and improved.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (235 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9780398094133
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=30662204
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IN PRACTICE -- REVIEWERS -- Consulting Physicists -- PREFACE -- Ancillary Resources -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CONTENTS -- DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IN PRACTICE -- Chapter 1 NATURE OF THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPH -- Objectives -- Development of Digital Radiography -- Nature of the Digital Image -- Digitizing the Analog Image -- Bit Depth, Dynamic Range, and Grayscale -- What is a Pixel? -- Voxels, Dels, and Pixels -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 2 CREATING THE PROJECTED IMAGE -- Objectives -- Overview of Variables -- Technical Variables -- Geometric Variables -- Patient Status -- Creating Subject Contrast -- X-Ray Interactions -- X-Ray Beam Energy -- Tissue Thickness -- Tissue Density -- Tissue Atomic Number -- Contrast Agents -- Summary of Variables Creating Subject Contrast -- Why mAs and SID Do Not Control Subject Contrast in the Latent Image -- Role of Radiographic Technique in the Digital Age -- Subject Contrast and Spatial Resolution -- "Controlling Factors" for the Projected Image -- Variables Affecting the Quality of the Final Displayed Radiographic Image -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 3 QUALITIES OF THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPH -- Objectives -- Qualities of the Final Displayed Digital Image -- Brightness -- Contrast and Grayscale -- Measuring Contrast -- Noise and SNR -- Spatial Resolution (Sharpness) -- Shape Distortion -- Geometric Magnification -- Display Magnification -- Qualities of the Projected Image Captured at the Image Receptor -- Modulation Transfer Function -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 4 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING -- Objectives -- Understanding X-Ray Beam Penetration -- Sensitivity of Digital Units to Subject Contrast -- Subject Contrast and Exposure Latitude -- Use of Grids -- Sufficient Input Grayscale -- Effect of mAs and kVp on the Displayed Digital Image.
,
Minimizing Patient Exposure with the 15 Percent Rule -- Benefits of High kVp Radiography -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 5 PREPROCESSING AND HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS -- Objectives -- The Generic Steps of Digital Image Processing -- Preprocessing -- Correcting for Del Dropout -- Correcting for Mottle -- Field Uniformity -- Constructing the Histogram -- Histogram Analysis -- Types of Histogram Analysis -- Errors in Histogram Analysis -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 6 RESCALING (PROCESSING) AND PROCESSING DOMAINS -- Objectives -- Rescaling the Image -- Q Values and the "Permanent" LUT -- Physicists' Nomenclature -- Digital Processing Domains -- Spatial Domain Operations -- Intensity Domain Operations -- Frequency Domain Operations -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 7 DEFAULT POSTPROCESSING I: GRADATION PROCESSING -- Objectives -- Gradation Processing -- Data Clipping -- Dynamic Range Compression and Equalization -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 8 DEFAULT POSTPROCESSING II: DETAIL PROCESSING -- Objectives -- Understanding the Frequency Domain -- Frequency Detail Processing -- Transition Between Image Domains -- Spatial Detail Processing (Kernels) -- Preparation for Display -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 9 MANIPULATING THE DIGITAL IMAGE: OPERATOR ADJUSTMENTS -- Objectives -- Procedural Algorithms -- Windowing -- Postprocessing Features -- Equalization -- Tissue Impression -- Smoothing -- Edge Enhancement -- Summary Table of Operator Adjustments -- Background Suppression -- Brightness Correction by Region of Interest -- Other Postprocessing Features -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 10 MONITORING AND CONTROLLING EXPOSURE -- Objectives -- Speed Class and Exposure Indicators -- The Deviation Index: Acceptable Parameters for Exposure -- Limitations of the DI -- Chapter Review Questions.
,
Chapter 11 DIGITAL IMAGE ACQUISITION -- Objectives -- Direct-Conversion DR Detectors -- Indirect-Conversion DR Detectors -- Computed Radiography (CR) -- The CR Reader (Processor) -- Background and Scatter Radiation -- Characteristics of the Image Acquisition System -- Spatial Resolution (Sharpness) of Digital Systems -- Hardware Matrices -- The "Soft" Matrix of a Light Image -- The Pixel Size Formula -- Efficiency of Image Receptors -- Detective Quantum Efficiency -- Fill Factor -- Digital Sampling and Aliasing -- Aliasing from Grids -- Other Digital Artifacts -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 12 DISPLAYING THE DIGITAL IMAGE -- Objectives -- The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor -- LCD Image Quality -- Spatial Resolution (Sharpness) -- Luminance and Contrast -- Nature of Display Pixels -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 13 ARCHIVING PATIENT IMAGES AND INFORMATION -- Objectives -- Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) -- Image Compression -- Image Storage and Access -- Medical Imaging Informatics -- New Developments -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 14 DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY -- Objectives -- Image Recording from an Image Intensifier Tube -- Dynamic Flat-Panel Detectors -- Reducing Patient Dose -- Temporal Averaging -- Chapter Review Questions -- Chapter 15 QUALITY CONTROL FOR DIGITAL EQUIPMENT -- Objectives -- Monitoring of Digital X-Ray Units -- Field Uniformity -- Intrinisic (Dark) Noise -- Erasure Thoroughness and "Ghosting" -- Spatial Resolution -- Monitoring of Electronic Image Display Systems -- Maximum Luminance -- Luminance Response -- Luminance Ratio -- Luminance Uniformity -- Reflectance and Ambient Lighting -- Noise -- Resolution -- Dead and Stuck Pixels -- Other QC Tests -- Chapter Review Questions -- GLOSSARY OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC TERMS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
Permalink
