Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and tables -- Preface to the third edition -- Acknowledgements -- Cover image details -- 1 The Quaternary record -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Interpreting the Quaternary record -- 1.3 The status of the Quaternary in the geological timescale -- 1.4 The duration of the Quaternary -- 1.5 The development of Quaternary studies -- 1.5.1 Historical developments -- 1.5.2 Recent developments -- 1.6 The framework of the Quaternary -- 1.7 The causes of climatic change -- 1.8 The scope of this book -- Notes -- 2 Geomorphological evidence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 Field methods -- 2.2.1.1 Field mapping -- 2.2.1.2 Instrumental levelling -- 2.2.2 Remote sensing -- 2.2.2.1 Aerial photography -- 2.2.2.2 Satellite imagery -- 2.2.2.3 Radar -- 2.2.2.4 Sonar and seismic sensing -- 2.2.2.5 Digital elevation/terrain modelling -- 2.3 Glacial landforms -- 2.3.1 Extent of ice cover -- 2.3.2 Geomorphological evidence and the extent of ice sheets and glaciers during the last cold stage -- 2.3.2.1 Northern Europe -- 2.3.2.2 Britain and Ireland -- 2.3.2.3 North America -- 2.3.3 Direction of ice movement -- 2.3.3.1 Striations -- 2.3.3.2 Friction cracks -- 2.3.3.3 Ice-moulded (streamlined) bedrock -- 2.3.3.4 Streamlined glacial deposits -- 2.3.4 Reconstruction of former ice masses -- 2.3.4.1 Ice sheet modelling -- 2.3.4.2 Ice caps and glaciers -- 2.3.5 Palaeoclimatic inferences using former glacier elevations -- 2.3.5.1 Cirque floor altitude (CFA) and toe-to-headwall (THAR) methods -- 2.3.5.2 ELA/FLA method -- 2.4 Periglacial landforms -- 2.4.1 Palaeoclimatic inferences based on periglacial evidence -- 2.4.1.1 Rock glaciers -- 2.4.1.2 Pingos and palsas -- 2.4.1.3 Pronival ('protalus') ramparts -- 2.5 Sea-level change. , 2.5.1 Relative and 'absolute' sea-level changes -- 2.5.2 Eustatic changes in sea level -- 2.5.2.1 Pre-Quaternary eustatic changes -- 2.5.2.2 Quaternary eustatic changes -- 2.5.3 Tectonic influences -- 2.5.4 Glacio-and hydro-isostasy -- 2.5.5 Shoreline sequences in areas affected by glacio-isostasy -- 2.5.6 Palaeoenvironmental significance of sea-level changes -- 2.6 River terraces -- 2.6.1 Origins of river terraces -- 2.6.1.1 Eustatic changes in sea level -- 2.6.1.2 Climatic change -- 2.6.1.3 Glaciation -- 2.6.1.4 Tectonic changes -- 2.6.1.5 Human activity -- 2.6.2 River terraces and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction -- 2.6.3 The terraces of the River Thames -- 2.7 Quaternary landforms in low latitudes -- 2.7.1 Pluvial lakes -- 2.7.2 Dunefields -- 2.7.3 Fluvial landforms -- 2.7.4 Weathering crusts -- 2.8 Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 Lithological evidence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Field and laboratory methods -- 3.2.1 Sediment sections -- 3.2.2 Coring -- 3.2.3 Laboratory methods -- 3.2.3.1 Particle size measurements -- 3.2.3.2 Particle shape -- 3.2.3.3 Surface textures of quartz particles -- 3.2.3.4 Organic carbon content -- 3.2.3.5 Metallic elements -- 3.2.3.6 Heavy minerals -- 3.2.3.7 Clay mineralogy -- 3.2.3.8 Mineral magnetic analysis -- 3.2.3.9 Stable isotope analysis -- 3.3. Glacial sediments -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 The nature of glacial sediments -- 3.3.2.1 Unstratified and stratified sediments -- 3.3.2.2 Glacigenic facies -- 3.3.3 The classification of tills -- 3.3.3.1 Lodgement, melt-out and 'flow' tills -- 3.3.3.2 Deformation tills -- 3.3.3.3 Paraglacial deposits -- 3.3.4 The influence of the thermal regime of glacier ice -- 3.3.5 Analysis of glacigenic sequences -- 3.3.5.1 Particle size and shape analysis -- 3.3.5.2 Lithofacies interpretations -- 3.3.6 Ice-directional indicators -- 3.3.6.1 Erratics -- 3.3.6.2 Till fabrics. , 3.3.6.3 Properties of the till matrix -- 3.4 Periglacial sediments -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Structures associated with permafrost -- 3.4.3 Palaeoclimatic significance of periglacial structures -- 3.5 Palaeosols -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 The nature of palaeosols -- 3.5.3 Analysis of palaeosols -- 3.5.4 Palaeosols and Quaternary environments -- 3.6 Wind-blown sediments -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Loess stratigraphy -- 3.6.3 Mid-latitude sand belts (coversands) -- 3.6.4 Low-latitude 'sand seas' -- 3.6.5 Wind-blown sediments and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions -- 3.7 Lake-level records from low-latitude regions -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Pluvial lake sediment sequences -- 3.7.3 Lake-level changes and Quaternary palaeoclimates -- 3.8 Cave sediments and carbonate deposits -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Detrital sediment in caves -- 3.8.3 Speleothem -- 3.8.4 Speleothem growth and environmental reconstruction -- 3.8.4.1 Speleothem growth and climatic change -- 3.8.4.2 Stable isotope ratios in cave speleothem -- 3.8.4.3 Trace elements in cave speleothem -- 3.8.4.4 Speleothem formation and sea-level variations -- 3.8.4.5 Speleothem formation and tectonic activity -- 3.8.4.6 Speleothem formation and rates of denudation -- 3.8.5 Other carbonate deposits -- 3.9 Lake, mire and bog sediments -- 3.9.1 Introduction -- 3.9.2 The nature of lake and bog sediments -- 3.9.3 Palaeoenvironmental evidence from lake sediments -- 3.9.3.1 Lake sediments and landscape changes -- 3.9.3.2 Lake-level variations and climatic changes -- 3.9.3.3 Lake sediments and palaeotemperatures -- 3.9.4 Palaeoenvironmental evidence from mire and bog sediments -- 3.9.4.1 Palaeoprecipitation records from ombrotrophic peats -- 3.9.4.2 Stable isotope records from ombrotrophic peats -- 3.9.4.3 Human impact recorded in ombrotrophic peat -- 3.10 The deep-sea sediment record. , 3.10.1 The nature and origin of ocean sediments -- 3.10.2 Oxygen isotope ratios and the ocean sediment record -- 3.10.2.1 General principles -- 3.10.2.2 Glacial ice storage and the marine oxygen isotope record -- 3.10.2.3 Ice volumes, sea level and the marine oxygen isotope record -- 3.10.2.4 Sea-surface temperatures and the marine oxygen isotope record -- 3.10.3 Limitations of oxygen isotope analysis -- 3.10.3.1 Stratigraphic resolution -- 3.10.3.2 Sediment mixing -- 3.10.3.3 Isotopic equilibrium between test carbonate and ocean water -- 3.10.3.4 Carbonate dissolution and diagenesis -- 3.10.4 Carbon isotopes in marine sediments -- 3.11 Ice-core stratigraphy -- 3.11.1 A brief history of deep-ice coring -- 3.11.2 Ice masses as palaeoenvironmental archives -- 3.11.3 Analysis of ice cores -- 3.11.3.1 Annual ice increments -- 3.11.3.2 Dust content -- 3.11.3.3 Chemical content -- 3.11.3.4 Stable isotope records -- 3.11.3.5 Other trace substances -- 3.11.4 Palaeoenvironmental significance of ice cores -- 3.12 Conclusions -- Notes -- 4 Biological evidence -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 The nature of the Quaternary fossil record -- 4.1.2 The taphonomy of Quaternary fossil assemblages -- 4.1.3 The interpretation of Quaternary fossil assemblages -- 4.2 Pollen analysis -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 The nature of pollen and spores -- 4.2.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.2.4 Pollen diagrams -- 4.2.5 The interpretation of pollen diagrams -- 4.2.6 Applications of pollen stratigraphy -- 4.2.6.1 Local vegetation reconstructions -- 4.2.6.2 Regional vegetation reconstructions -- 4.2.6.3 Space-time reconstructions -- 4.2.6.4 Human impact on vegetation cover -- 4.2.6.5 Pollen data and climatic reconstructions -- 4.3 Diatom analysis -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 The nature and ecology of diatoms -- 4.3.3 Field and laboratory methods. , 4.3.4 The interpretation of Quaternary diatom records -- 4.3.5 Applications of diatom analysis -- 4.3.5.1 Diatoms as salinity indicators -- 4.3.5.2 Diatoms and pH -- 4.3.5.3 Diatoms and trophic status -- 4.3.5.4 Diatoms and the archaeological record -- 4.3.5.5 Other environmental applications -- 4.4 Plant macrofossil analysis -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 The nature of plant macrofossils -- 4.4.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.4.4 Data presentation -- 4.4.5 The interpretation of plant macrofossil data -- 4.4.6 Palaeoenvironmental applications of plant macrofossil studies -- 4.4.6.1 Palaeoclimatic reconstructions -- 4.4.6.2 Forest history -- 4.4.6.3 Charcoal and fire history -- 4.4.6.4 Archaeological records -- 4.5 Fossil insect remains -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Coleoptera -- 4.5.3 Laboratory methods -- 4.5.4 Coleopteran analysis and Quaternary environments -- 4.5.4.1 Habitat preferences -- 4.5.4.2 Palaeoclimatic inferences based on coleopteran assemblages -- 4.5.4.3 Insect fossils and archaeology -- 4.5.5 Chironomidae -- 4.6 Non-marine Mollusca -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 The nature and distribution of molluscs -- 4.6.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.6.4 Taphonomy of non-marine molluscan assemblages -- 4.6.5 Interpretation of non-marine molluscan assemblages: habitat groups and indices of species diversity -- 4.6.6 Applications of Quaternary non-marine molluscan records -- 4.6.6.1 Biostratigraphic correlation -- 4.6.6.2 Palaeoclimatic reconstructions -- 4.6.6.3 Archaeological relevance -- 4.7 Marine Mollusca -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 Analysis of marine molluscan assemblages -- 4.7.3 Marine Mollusca and palaeoclimatic inferences -- 4.7.4 Other applications of fossil marine molluscan records -- 4.8 Ostracod analysis -- 4.8.1 The nature and distribution of ostracods -- 4.8.2 Collection and identification. , 4.8.3 Ostracoda in Quaternary studies.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 The Quaternary record -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The character of the Quaternary -- 1.3 The duration of the Quaternary -- 1.4 The development of Quaternry studies -- 1.4.1 Historical developments -- 1.4.2 Recent developments -- 1.5 The framework of the Quaternary -- 1.6 The causes of climatic change -- 1.7 The scope of this book -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Geomorphological evidence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 Field methods -- 2.2.2 Remote sensing -- 2.3 Glacial landforms -- 2.3.1 Extent of ice cover -- 2.3.2 Geomorphological evidence and the extent of ice sheets and glaciers during the last cold stage -- 2.3.3 Direction of ice movement -- 2.3.4 Reconstruction of former ice masses -- 2.3.5 Palaeotemperature estimates from glacial geomorphological evidence -- 2.4 Periglacial landforms -- 2.4.1 Palaeoclimatic inferences based on periglacial landforms -- 2.5 Sea-level change -- 2.5.1 Relative and 'absolute' sea-level changes -- 2.5.2 Eustatic changes in sea level -- 2.5.3 Tectonic influences -- 2.5.4 Shoreline sequences in areas affected by glacio-isostasy -- 2.5.5 Palaeoenvironmental significance of sea-level changes -- 2.6 River terraces -- 2.6.1 Origins of river terraces -- 2.6.2 River terraces and palaeoenvironments -- 2.6.3 The terraces of the River Thames -- 2.7 Quaternary landforms in low latitudes -- 2.7.1 Pluvial lakes -- 2.7.2 Dunefields -- 2.7.3 Fluvial landforms -- 2.7.4 Weathering crusts -- 2.8 Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 3 Lithological evidence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Field and laboratory methods -- 3.2.1 Sediment sections -- 3.2.2 Coring -- 3.2.3 Laboratory methods -- 3.3 Glacial sediments -- 3.3.1 Introduction. , 3.3.2 The nature of glacial sediments -- 3.3.3 The classification of tills -- 3.3.4 The influence of the thermal régime of glacier ice -- 3.3.5 Analysis of glacigenic sequences -- 3.3.6 Ice-directional indicators -- 3.4 Periglacial sediments -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Structures associated with permafrost -- 3.4.3 Palaeoclimatic significance of periglacial structures -- 3.5 Palaeosols -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 The nature of palaeosols -- 3.5.3 Analysis of palaeosols -- 3.5.4 Palaeosols and Quaternary environments -- 3.6 Lake level records from low latitude regions -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 'Pluvial' lake sediment sequences -- 3.6.3 Lake level changes and Quaternary palaeoclimates -- 3.7 Wind-blown sediments -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Loess stratigraphy -- 3.7.3 Mid-latitude sand belts (coversands) -- 3.7.4 Low latitude 'sand seas' -- 3.7.5 Wind-blown sediments and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions -- 3.8 Cave sediments and carbonate deposits -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Detrital sediment in caves -- 3.8.3 Speleothem -- 3.8.4 Speleothem growth and environmental reconstruction -- 3.8.5 Oxygen isotope ratios in cave speleothem -- 3.8.6 Other carbonate deposits -- 3.9 Lake, mire and bog sediments -- 3.9.1 Introduction -- 3.9.2 The nature of lake and bog sediments -- 3.9.3 Palaeoenvironmental evidence from lake sediments -- 3.9.4 Palaeoenvironmental evidence from mire and bog sediments -- 3.10 Stable oxygen isotope stratigraphy of deep-sea sediments -- 3.10.1 Introduction -- 3.10.2 Oxygen isotope ratios and the ocean sediment record -- 3.10.3 Environmental influences on 18O/16O ratios in marine sediments -- 3.10.4 Limitations in oxygen isotope analysis -- 3.10.5 Carbon isotopes in marine sediments -- 3.11 Ice-core stratigraphy -- 3.11.1 Introduction -- 3.11.2 Ice masses as palaeoenvironmental archives -- 3.11.3 Analysis of ice cores. , 3.11.4 Palaeoenvironmental significance of ice-core data -- 3.12 Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 4 Biological evidence -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 The nature of the Quaternary fossil record -- 4.1.2 The taphonomy of Quaternary fossil assemblages -- 4.1.3 The interpretation of Quaternary fossil assemblages -- 4.2 Pollen analysis -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 The nature of pollen and spores -- 4.2.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.2.4 Pollen diagrams -- 4.2.5 The interpretation of pollen diagrams -- 4.2.6 Applications of pollen stratigraphy -- 4.3 Diatom analysis -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 The nature and ecology of diatoms -- 4.3.3 Field and laboratory methods -- 4.3.4 The interpretation of Quaternary diatom records -- 4.3.5 Applications of diatom analysis -- 4.4 Plant macrofossil analysis -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 The nature of plant macrofossils -- 4.4.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.4.4 Data presentation -- 4.4.5 The interpretation of plant macrofossil data -- 4.4.6 Applications of plant macrofossil studies -- 4.5 Fossil insect remains -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Coleoptera -- 4.5.3 Laboratory methods -- 4.5.4 Coleopteran analysis and Quaternary environments -- 4.6 Chironomidae -- 4.7 Non-marine Mollusca -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 The nature and distribution of molluscs -- 4.7.3 Field and laboratory work -- 4.7.4 Taphonomy of non-marine molluscan assemblages -- 4.7.5 Habitat preferences of non-marine Mollusca -- 4.7.6 Non-marine Mollusca and palaeoclimate reconstructions -- 4.8 Marine Mollusca -- 4.8.1 Introduction -- 4.8.2 Analysis of marine molluscan assemblages -- 4.8.3 Marine Mollusca and palaeoclimatic inferences -- 4.9 Ostracod analysis -- 4.9.1 The nature and distribution of ostracods -- 4.9.2 Collection and identification -- 4.9.3 Ostracoda in Quaternary studies -- 4.10 Foraminiferal analysis. , 4.10.1 The nature and distribution of Foraminifera -- 4.10.2 Collection and identification -- 4.10.3 Foraminifera in Quaternary inshore and shelf sediments -- 4.11 Micropalaeontology of deep-sea sediments -- 4.11.1 Introduction -- 4.11.2 Radiolaria -- 4.11.3 Coccolithophores -- 4.11.4 Marine microfossils in ocean sediments -- 4.11.5 Laboratory separation of marine microfossils -- 4.11.6 Marine palaeoclimatology -- 4.11. 7 Marine palaeoproduetivity and palaeocireulation -- 4.12 Vertebrate remains -- 4.12.1 Introduction -- 4.12.2 The structure of teeth and bones -- 4.12.3 Fossilisation of bone material -- 4.12.4 Field and laboratory techniques -- 4.12.5 The taphonomy of fossil vertebrate assemblages -- 4.12.6 Vertebrate fossils and Quaternary environments -- 4.13 Other fossil groups -- 4.13.1 Chrysophytes -- 4.13.2 Cladocera -- 4.13.3 Coral polyps -- 4.13.4 Fungal remains -- 4.13.5 'Rhizopods' or testate amoebae -- 4.14 Multi-proxy palaeoecologieal studies -- 4.15 Quaternary palaeobiology and ecological theory -- 4.15.1 Biomass and global climate change -- 4.15.2 Migration of biota and community structures -- 4.15.3 Extinctions -- 4.15.4 Conservation, biodiversity and habitat destruction -- 4.16 Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 5 Dating methods -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Precision and accuracy in Quaternary dating -- 5.3 Radiometric dating techniques -- 5.3.1 The nucleus and radioactivity -- 5.3.2 Radiocarbon dating -- 5.3.3 Potassium-argon and argon-argon dating -- 5.3.4 Uranium-series dating -- 5.3.5 Fission track dating -- 5.3.6 Luminescenec dating -- 5.3.7 Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating -- 5.3.8 Other radiometric methods -- 5.4 Incremental dating methods -- 5.4.1 Dendrochronology -- 5.4.2 Varve chronology -- 5.4.3 Lichenometry -- 5.4.4 Annual layers in glacier ice -- 5.5 Age-equivalent stratigraphic markers -- 5.5.1 Palaeomagnetism. , 5.5.2 Tephrochronology -- 5.5.3 Oxygen isotope chronology -- 5.6 Relative chronology based on processes of chemical alteration -- 5.6.1 Amino-acid geochronology -- 5.6.2 Fluorine, uranium and nitrogen content of fossil bones -- 5.6.3 Obsidian hydration -- 5.6.4 Weathering characteristics of rock surfaces -- 5.6.5 Pedogenesis -- 5.7 Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 6 Approaches to Quaternary stratigraphy and correlation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Stratigraphic subdivision -- 6.2.1 Principles of Quaternary stratigraphy -- 6.2.2 Stratotypes -- 6.2.3 Elements of Quaternary stratigraphy -- 6.3 Time-stratigraphic correlation -- 6.3.1 Principles of Quaternary correlation -- 6.3.2 Elements of time-stratigraphic correlation -- 6.3.3 Correlation between continental, marine and ice-core records -- 6.4 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 7 The last interglacial-glacial cycle: 130-10 ka BP -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The stratigraphic framework for the last 130 ka -- 7.3 The last interglacial (OI substage 5e) -- 7.3.1 Defining the last interglacial -- 7.3.2 Proxy records from the last interglacial -- 7.3.3 Dating the last interglacial -- 7.4 The transition to the last cold stage (OI substages 5d to 5a) -- 7.4.1 The OI substage 5e/5d transition -- 7.4.2 OI substages 5c to 5a -- 7.4.3 The OI stage 5/4 transition -- 7.4.4 Short-lived 'events' during the last interglacial-glacial transition -- 7.5 The last cold stage (OI stages 4 to 2) -- 7.5.1 Events during the last cold stage: the marine record -- 7.5.2 Events during the last cold stage: the terrestrial record -- 7.5.3 Events during the last cold stage: the ice-sheet record -- 7.5.4 Events during the last cold stage: the ice-core record -- 7.5.5 Correlation between ice-core, marine, terrestrial and glacial records from the last cold stage -- 7.6 The last glacial-interglacial transition (OI stage 2/1). , 7.6.1 Stratigraphic nomenclature.

Note: Front Cover -- Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Late Devensian Glaciation of North-East Scotland -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL SETTING -- FEATURES OF GLACIAL EROSION -- FEATURES OF GLACIAL DEPOSITION -- FEATURES OF GLACIAL MELTWATER ACTIVITY -- FEATURES OF GLACIOLACUSTRINE DEPOSITION -- FEATURES OF PERIGLACIAL ACTIVITY -- FEATURES OF THE LATEGLACIAL -- CHRONOLOGY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 2. Lateglacial Raised Shorelines andDeglaciation in the Earn-Tay Area -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS OF INVESTIGATION -- LATEGLACIAL RAISED SHORELINES AND BEACHES -- FLUVIOGLACIAL FEATURES -- RELATION OF THE RAISED SHORELINES TO DEGLACIATION -- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RAISED BEACHES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 3. The "Oban-Ford Moraine":A Reappraisal -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- LOCH AWE LOCH CRINAN -- LOCH AVICH - LOCH CRAIGNISH -- LOCH TRALAIG - LOCH MELFORT -- LOCH SCAMMADALE - LOCH FEOCHAN -- HEAD OF LOCH FEOCHAN -- OBAN CEMETERY -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 4. The Loch Lomond Read v a nee in theNorthern Mainland of Scotland -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERATURE -- END MORAINES -- HUMMOCKY MORAINES -- FLUTED MORAINES -- BOULDER LIMITS -- DRIFT LIMITS -- PERIGLACIAL FEATURES -- RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GLACIERS -- DATE OF THE READVANCE -- DISTRIBUTION OF THE GLACIERS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 5. Stratigraphical and Faunal Evidence forLateglacial and Early FlandrianEnvironments in South-West Scotland -- ABSTRACT -- GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- PART I STRATIGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE (WWB -- INTRODUCTION -- SOLWAY FIRTH -- AYRSHIRE COAST -- FIRTH OF CLYDE -- PART II FAUNAL EVIDENCE (GRC -- INTRODUCTION -- FAUNAL SITES. , SUMMARY OF LATEGLACIAL AND EARLY FLANDRIANENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTH-WEST SCOTLAND -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 6. Evolution and Chronology ofLateglacial Marine Environments atLochgilphead, Scotland -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY -- FAUNA -- CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION -- INTERPRETATION OF THE SUCCESSION -- DATING OF THE DEPOSITS -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- APPENDIX 1. LOCHGILPHEAD AUGER HOLE -- APPENDIX 2 . LOCHGILPHEAD AUGER HOLE -- APPENDIX 3 . LOCHGILPHEAD PIT A -- APPENDIX 4. LOCHGILPHEAD PIT B -- APPENDIX 5. LOCHGILPHEAD PIT B -- APPENDIX 6. LOCHGILPHEAD PIT B -- Chapter 7. The Reconstruction of the LateglacialEnvironment in the Southern and EasternGrampian Highlands -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY -- BIOSTRATIGRAPHY -- ANALYSIS OF DETERIORATED POLLEN -- RADIOCARBON DATING -- THE ENVIRONMENT DURING THE LATEGLACIAL INTERSTADIAL -- THE ENVIRONMENT DURING THE LOCH LOMOND STADIAL -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 8. Lake Sediments and the LateglacialEnvironment in Northern Scotland -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY -- BIOSTRATIGRAPHY -- GEOCHEMISTRY -- SYNTHESIS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOTE ADDED IN PROOF -- Chapter 9. Radiocarbon Dating of the Lateglacialand Early Flandrian VegetationalSuccession in the Scottish Highlands andthe Isle of Skye -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL -- SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS -- ISLE OF SKYE -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 10. The Scottish Lateglacial Environment:A Synthesis -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEGLACIATION AND READVANCES -- PERIGLACIATION -- SEA-LEVEL CHANGES -- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS FROM BIOSTRATIGRAPHY -- CLIMATE -- TERMINOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY -- FUTURE RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- References -- Index.