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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cultivation ofCandida blankii in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Candida blankii ; Biomass ; d-Xylose ; l-Arabinose ; Acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary All fourCandida blankii isolates evaluated for growth in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate utilized the sugars and acetic acid completely. The utilization ofd-xylose,l-arabinose and acetic acid were delayed by the presence ofd-glucose, but after glucose depletion the other carbon sources were utilized simultaneously. The maximum specific growth rate of 0.36 h−1 and cell yield of 0.47 g cells/g carbon source assimilate compared with published results obtained withC. utilis. C. blankii appeared superior toC. utilis for biomass production from hemicellulose hydrolysate in that it utilizedl-arabinose and was capable of growth at higher temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569741
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of glucose and cellobiose by Candida wickerhamii (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Candida wickerhamii produced ethanol under aerated and nonaerated conditions when grown on glucose but only under non-aerated conditions when grown on cellobiose. When the yeast was grown on 20 g·l−1 glucose in fermentation flasks, the substrate was completely utilized and 9.2 g·l−1 ethanol was produced. When 100 g·l−1 glucose was used, only 60% of the substrate was consumed and 23.4 g·l−1 ethanol was produced fermentatively whereas 31 g·l−1 ethanol was produced in an aerated fermenter. Ethanol toxicity was confirmed by adding ethanol to the culture. No ethanol was produced at added ethanol concentrations of 24 g·l−1 or higher although growth occurred even in the presence of 74 g·l−1 ethanol. The fermentation of glucose and cellobiose (20 g·l−1) was completed in 24 h and 125 h with specific growth rates of 0.29 and 0.06 h−1 respectively. β-Glucosidase was produced when grown on either glucose or cellobiose but the differential rate of enzyme production was 64 fold higher on cellobiose. Increased aeration stimulated enzyme production. β-Glucosidase was present in the fermentation broth and associated with the cells under non-aerated conditions and almost exclusively cell-associated under aerated conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508021
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutritional, temperature, pH, and oxygen requirements of Candida wickerhamii (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 334-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary A defined growth medium was determined for the cellobiose fermenting yeast Candida wickerhamii. Biotin and calcium pantothenate were required for growth while thiamine stimulated growth and ethanol production. The optimum temperature and pH for growth and ethanol production were 30°C and between pH 3 and pH 5 respectively. Oxygen availability played an important role in the fermentation of cellobiose and glucose. The optimum oxygen transfer rate for maximum ethanol production from glucose was 1.75 mmol (g dry biomass · h)−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499499
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of culture conditions on astaxanthin production by a mutant of Phaffia rhodozyma in batch and chemostat culture (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 780-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Temperature and pH had only a slight effect on the astaxanthin content of a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant, but influenced the maximum specific growth rate and cell yield profoundly. The optimum conditions for astaxanthin production were 22°C at pH 5.0 with a low concentration of carbon source. Astaxanthin production was growth-associated, and the volumetric astaxanthin concentration gradually decreased after depletion of the carbon source. The biomass concentration decreased rapidly during the stationary growth phase with a concomitant increase in the cellular content of astaxanthin. Sucrose hydrolysis exceeded the assimilation rates of D-glucose and D-fructose and these sugars accumulated during batch cultivation. D-Glucose initially delayed D-fructose uptake, but D-fructose utilization commenced before glucose depletion. In continuous culture, the highest astaxanthin content was obtained at the lowest dilution rate of 0.043 h−1. The cell yield reached a maximum of 0.48 g cells·g−1 glucose utilized between dilution rates of 0.05 h−1 and 0.07 h−1 and decreased markedly at higher dilution rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173974
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of culture conditions on astaxanthin production by a mutant of Phaffia rhodozyma in batch and chemostat culture (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 780-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract. Temperature and pH had only a slight effect on the astaxanthin content of a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant, but influenced the maximum specific growth rate and cell yield profoundly. The optimum conditions for astaxanthin production were 22° C at pH 5.0 with a low concentration of carbon source. Astaxanthin production was growth-associated, and the volumetric astaxanthin concentration gradually decreased after depletion of the carbon source. The biomass concentration decreased rapidly during the stationary growth phase with a concomitant increase in the cellular content of astaxanthin. Sucrose hydrolysis exceeded the assimilation rates of d-glucose and d-fructose and these sugars accumulated during batch cultivation. d-Glucose initially delayed d-fructose uptake, but d-fructose utilization commenced before glucose depletion. In continuous culture, the highest astaxanthin content was obtained at the lowest dilution rate of 0.043 h−1. The cell yield reached a maximum of 0.48 g cells·g−1 glucose utilized between dilution rates of 0.05 h−1 and 0.07 h−1 and decreased markedly at higher dilution rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050066
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of respiratory inhibitors on the fermentative ability of Pichia stipitis, Pachysolen tannophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various conditions of aerobiosis (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The growth and ethanol production by the d-xylose-fermenting yeasts Pichia stipitis and Pachysolen tannophilus under various conditions of aerobiosis responded similarly to the addition of the respiratory inhibitors potassium cyanide (KCN), antimycin A (AA), sodium azide and rotenone. However, the d-glucose-fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae differed markedly from these yeasts in response to the inhibitors. In general the growth of the d-xylose-fermenting yeasts was inhibited by the respiratory inhibitors while ethanol production was either stimulated (especially when oxygen was available) or unaffected or inhibited by rotenone or AA or KCN and sodium azide, respectively. However, by exception KCN and AA stimulated ethanol production under aerobic conditions by Pichia stipitis and Pachysolen tannophilus respectively. Stimulatory or inhibitory effects by respiratory inhibitors were less marked in S. cerevisiae. These data suggest that unimpaired mitochondrial function is necessary for growth on d-xylose and optimal d-xylose fermentation. A requirement for membrane generated energy during d-xylose utilisation is indicated by 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibition of growth and fermentation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258353
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The oxygen requirements of yeasts for the fermentation of d-xylose and d-glucose to ethanol (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The effect of oxygen availability on d-xylose and D-glucose metabolism by Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Pachysolen tannophilus was investigated. Oxygen was not required for fermentation of d-xylose or d-glucose, but stimulated the ethanol production rate from both sugars. Under oxygen-limited conditions, the highest ethanol yield coefficient (Ye/s) of 0.47 was obtained on d-xylose with. P. stipitis, while under similar conditions C. shehatae fermented d-xylose most rapidly with a specific productivity (qpmax) of 0.32 h-1. Both of these yeasts fermented d-xylose better and produced less xylitol than. P. tannophilus. Synthesis of polyols such as xylitol, arabitol, glycerol and ribitol reduced the ethanol yield in some instances and was related to the yeast strain, carbon source and oxygen availability. In general, these yeasts fermented d-glucose more rapidly than d-xylose. By contrast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented d-glucose at least three-fold faster under similar conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250500
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of d-{1-13C} xylose metabolism in Pichia stipitis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The uptake of d-{1-13C} xylose, the accumulation of intermediates and the distribution of the label in ethanol in Pichia stipitis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rate-limiting step of d-xylose metabolism under aerobic conditions appeared to be uptake, whereas under anaerobic conditions it was the conversion of xylitol to xylulose. The yeast showed no preference to either the alpha-or beta-forms of d-xylose. Under anaerobic conditions only {2-13C{ ethanol was detected and this suggests that NADH but not NADPH was used as cofactor in the conversion of xylose to xylitol. d-Xylose is most likely metabolised by the pentose phosphate pathway in this yeast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250458
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of aerobiosis on fermentation and key enzyme levels during growth of Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Candida tenuis on d-xylose (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): d-Xylose fermentation ; Aeration level ; Xylose reductase ; Xylitol dehydrogenase ; Yeast ; Candida shehatae ; Candida tenuis ; Pichia stipitis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between the degree of aerobiosis, xylitol production and the initial two key enzymes of d-xylose metabolism were investigated in the yeasts Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and C. tenuis. Anoxic conditions severely curtailed growth and retarded ethanol productivity. This, together with the inverse relationship between xylitol accumulation and aeration level, suggested a degree of redox imbalance. The ratios of NADH- to NADPH-linked xylose reductase were similar in all three yeasts and essentially independent of the degree of aerobiosis, and thus did not correlate with their differing capacities for ethanol production, xylitol accumulation or growth under the different conditions of aerobiosis. Under anoxic conditions the enzyme activity of Pichia stipitis decreased significantly, which possibly contributed to its weaker anoxic fermentation of xylose compared to C. shehatae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456092
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence and taxonomic aspects of proton movements coupled to sugar transport in the yeast genusKluyveromyces (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): yeast ; systematics ; taxonomy ; proton symport ; sugar
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The occurrence of proton symport mechanisms for the transport of glucose, galactose, fructose, raffinose and sucrose in 21 yeast strains representing the species of the genusKluyveromyces was surveyed. Proton symport of one or more sugars occurred in 57% of the strains. Similarly, all the sugars investigated were transported by symports by several strains. Symport systems for non-utilisable sugars were rare. Starvation of cells frequently resulted in the appearance of a symport absent in non-starved glucose-grown cells, indicating that repression of proton symports by glucose and subsequent derepression by starvation is a general phenomenon in members ofKluyveromyces. The addition of a sugar to cell suspensions resulted in acidification in 80% of cases, indicating the activity of a membrane-bound ATPase. Acidification was also observed with a number of sugars that cannot be utilised by the particular species. Interesting correlations between the number of proton symports and the abundance of other phenotypic characteristics in members of the genus emerged. Most members of the infertile group of species showing an increase in the number of small chromosomes, inability to produce well-developed pseudomycelium, linoleic and linolenic acid, a decrease in the number of carbon compounds utilised and inability to utilise ethylamine also had no proton symports, whereas most members of the interfertile species produced one or more proton symports. It was concluded that the distribution of the number of proton symports amongstKluyveromyces species coincided with that of other positive characteristics and may therefore be of taxonomic value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580660
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