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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The stratosphere : dynamics, transport, and chemistry (2013)
    Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Stratosphere ; Whirlwinds Electronic books ; Dynamic meteorology ; Whirlwinds ; Stratosphere ; Dynamic meteorology ; Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 196 p.) , ill. (some col.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 9781118672303
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph series 190
    URL: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/Doc?id=10726749
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=1184572
    DDC: 551.5142
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Electronic reproduction; Palo Alto, Calif; ebrary; 2013; Available via World Wide Web; Access may be limited to ebrary affiliated libraries
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The emergence of jets and vortices in freely evolving, shallow-water turbulence on a sphere (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 1531-1552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results from a series of simulations of unforced turbulence evolving within a shallow layer of fluid on a rotating sphere are presented. Simulations show that the turbulent evolution in the spherical domain is strongly dependent on numerical and physical conditions. The independent effects of (1) (hyper)dissipation and initial spectrum, (2) rotation rate, and (3) Rossby deformation radius are carefully isolated and studied in detail. In the nondivergent and nonrotating case, an initially turbulent flow evolves into a vorticity quadrupole at long times, a direct consequence of angular momentum conservation. In the presence of sufficiently strong rotation, the nondivergent long-time behavior yields a field dominated by polar vortices—as previously reported by Yoden and Yamada. In contrast, the case with a finite deformation radius (i.e., the full spherical shallow-water system) spontaneously evolves toward a banded configuration, the number of bands increasing with the rotation rate. A direct application of this shallow-water model to the Jovian atmosphere is discussed. Using standard values for the planetary radius and rotation, we show how the initially turbulent flow self-organizes into a potential vorticity field containing zonal structures, where regions of steep potential vorticity gradients (jets) separate relatively homogenized bands. Moreover, Jovian parameter values in our simulations lead to a strong vorticity asymmetry, favoring anticyclonic vortices—in further agreement with observations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868929
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear geostrophic adjustment, cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry, and potential vorticity rearrangement (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1087-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Within the context of the rotating shallow water equations, it is shown how initially unbalanced states possessing certain symmetries dynamically evolve to lose those symmetries during nonlinear geostrophic adjustment. Using conservation law methods, it is demonstrated that the adjustment of equal and opposite (circular) mass imbalances results in a balanced end state where cyclones are stronger than anticyclones; the reverse holds true for momentum imbalances. In both cases, the degree of this asymmetry is shown to be directly proportional to the amount of initial imbalance (a measure of the nonlinearity occurring during time-dependent adjustment). On the other hand, the degree of asymmetry is maximal for imbalances of Rossby deformation scale. As for the potential vorticity, it is shown that its final profile can be noticeably different from its initial one; from an Eulerian perspective, this rearrangement is not confined to uniform shifts of potential vorticity fronts. Direct 2D numerical initial value problems confirm the asymmetry in the predicted final states and establish a relatively fast time scale for adjustment to complete. The robustness of these results is confirmed by studying, in addition, the adjustment of elliptical mass imbalances. The numerical integrations reveal that, during geostrophic adjustment, potential vorticity rearrangement occurs irreversibly on a fast wave time scale. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870363
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  • 4
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    Geostrophic vortex dynamics (2011)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August 1988
    Description: By generalizing the method of contour dynamics to the quasigeostrophic two layer model, we have proposed and solved a number of fundamental problems in the dynamics of rotating and stratified vorticity fields. A variety of rotating and translating potential vorticity equilibria (V-states) in one and two layers have been obtained, shedding new light on potential vorticity dynamics in the geostrophic context. In particular,the equivalent barotropic model is shown to be a singular limit of the two-layer model for scales large compared to the radius of deformation. The question of coalescence of two vortices in the same layer (merger) and· in different layers (alignment) is studied in detail. Critical initial separation distances for coalescence are numerically established as functions of the radius of deformation and the relative thickness of the layers at rest. The connection between coalescence and the existence of stable rotating doubly-connected V-states is shown to be an illuminating generalization of the Euler results. The question of filamentation of two-dimensional vorticity interfaces is addressed from a new geometrical perspective. The analysis of the topology of the streamfunction in a frame of reference rotating with the instantaneous angular velocity of the vorticity distribution (the corotating frame) is shown to yield new powerful insights on the nonlinear evolution of the vorticity field. In particular, the presence of hyperbolic (critical) points of the corotating streamfunction that come in contact with the vorticity interface is found to be directly responsible for the generation of filaments. The importance ofthe position of the critical points of the comoving streamfunction is found to generalize to the two-layer quasigeostrophic context. They are shown to play the crucial role in determining the limits, in parameter space, on the existence of a number of two-layer rotating and translating potential vorticity equilibria.
    Keywords: Vortex-motion
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models (2012)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118 (6). pp. 2494-2505.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: We describe the main differences in simulations of stratospheric climate and variability by models within the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that have a model top above the stratopause and relatively fine stratospheric vertical resolution (high-top), and those that have a model top below the stratopause (low-top). Although the simulation of mean stratospheric climate by the two model ensembles is similar, the low-top model ensemble has very weak stratospheric variability on daily and interannual time scales. The frequency of major sudden stratospheric warming events is strongly underestimated by the low-top models with less than half the frequency of events observed in the reanalysis data and high-top models. The lack of stratospheric variability in the low-top models affects their stratosphere-troposphere coupling, resulting in short-lived anomalies in the Northern Annular Mode, which do not produce long-lasting tropospheric impacts, as seen in observations. The lack of stratospheric variability, however, does not appear to have any impact on the ability of the low-top models to reproduce past stratospheric temperature trends. We find little improvement in the simulation of decadal variability for the high-top models compared to the low-top, which is likely related to the fact that neither ensemble produces a realistic dynamical response to volcanic eruptions
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50125
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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