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  • 1
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    Paleo‐Hydrogeological Modeling to Understand Present‐Day Groundwater Salinities in a Low‐Lying Coastal Groundwater System (Northwestern Germany) (2023)
    Seibert, Stephan L. ; Greskowiak, Janek ; Bungenstock, Friederike ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Groundwater abstraction and drainage are considered to be the main drivers for the salinization of low‐lying coastal groundwater systems, while the role of past boundary conditions is less clear. In this study, 3‐D paleo‐hydrogeological variable‐density groundwater flow and salt transport modeling (“paleo‐modeling”) is applied to reconstruct the evolution of groundwater salinities during the Holocene, that is, the last 9,000 years, in Northwestern Germany. Novel aspects of this study include the consideration of highly resolved time‐variant boundary conditions in a 3‐D paleo‐modeling framework, for example, sea‐level rise, surface elevation and coastline changes, development of drainage networks and groundwater abstraction, as well as the quantification of isolated processes impacting salinization. Results show that salinization was a function of sea‐level rise from 9000 BP until 1300 CE. The creation of the dike line ∼1300 CE set the starting point for increasing anthropogenic control of the hydro(geo)logical system: changes in surface elevation and drainage of low‐lying marshes have become main drivers for salinization after 1600 CE when peat was artificially degenerated. Moreover, changes in the dike line caused by storm floods impacted the salinities. Model results for 2020 CE match well with present‐day salinity observations. Yet, salinization will continue in the future, as the hydro(geo)logical system has not reached an equilibrium. The presented paleo‐modeling framework can be viewed as a blueprint for similar low‐lying coastal groundwater systems, influenced by marine transgression and human development. Thereby, it enables the reconstruction of meaningful present‐day salinity distributions, serving as a vital basis for modeling future groundwater systems in a changing climate.
    Description: Key Points: Salinization of a low‐lying coastal groundwater system during the Holocene, that is, 9000 BP until present‐day, was investigated. Sea‐level rise and the evolution of paleogeography were major controls on groundwater salinization during most of the time. Surface elevation changes due to land cultivation, as well as the development of drainage networks, control salinization since ∼1600 CE.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7633381
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; saltwater intrusion ; variable‐density groundwater flow ; salt transport ; sea‐level rise ; parameter estimation ; iMOD‐WQ
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Spiekeroog beach subterranean estuary & seawater: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) fingerprints (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Data from pore water (subterranean estuary) and seawater from Spiekeroog south (near ICBM time series station and campsite) and west beach ("Sturmeck"). South beach data were collected in August 2012, and west beach data were collected in November 2012. Pore water (event labels: DUNE, MIX, LTWL) sample collection was conducted at different sediment depths (50, 100, 150 cm below sediment surface). Stainless steel push-point lancets were insetred into the sediment, and pore water was withdrawn via vacuum (hand pumps) into nalgene polycarbonate bottles. Filtration was done using inline PES cartridge filters. The vacuum bottles were argon gas-flushed to avoid oxygen contamination. Sea water (event label SW) was collected with polycarbonate bottles and from LDPE seepage meter bags (event label SP) and filtered upon return to the laboratory (same day, PES filter cartridges). Sample collection was trace organic and metal clean (soaking and rinsing of bottles, tubing, and filters with diluted HNO3 and HCl suprapur), with sample materials consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate. Solid-phase extraction was done with BOND Elut PPL cartridges and elution with Methanol Optima grade. Measurements dissolved organic matter (DOM) were done with FT-ICR-MS. The crosstables describe the molecular composition of DOM and associated Fe and Cu. They contain characteristic properties and classifications of molecular sum formulas as well as FT-ICR-MS signal intensities of each sum formula for each sample (see event table of https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.902704). File name description of “Spiekeroog beach STE_ESI_x_Crosstab_x": pos & neg = positive and negative ionization mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). BSA & NWA = basic/strong acidic and neutral/weak acidic DOM fraction (solid phase extracted)
    Keywords: copper; DOM trace metals; File content; File format; File name; File size; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; iron; ligands; pore water; subterranean estuary; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Spiekeroog beach subterranean estuary & seawater: Trace metal and dissolved organic matter (DOM) data (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Waska, Hannelore; Brumsack, Hans-Jürgen; Massmann, Gudrun; Koschinsky, Andrea; Schnetger, Bernhard; Simon, Heike; Dittmar, Thorsten (2019): Inorganic and organic iron and copper species of the subterranean estuary: Origins and fate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 259, 211-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.004
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Data from pore water (subterranean estuary) and seawater from Spiekeroog south (near ICBM time series station and campsite, 53°45'13.5"N 7°40'22.5"E) and west beach ("Sturmeck", 53°46'10.0"N 7°40'26.2"E). South beach data were collected in August 2012, and west beach data were collected in November 2012. Sample abbreviations: SB=South Beach, WB=West Beach. DUNE=most landward station near dunes, MIX=mid-way station between dune base and low water line, LTWL=low tide water line. Pore water (DUNE, MIX, LTWL) sample collection was conducted at different sediment depths (50, 100, 150 cm below sediment surface). Stainless steel push-point lancets were insetred into the sediment, and pore water was withdrawn via vacuum (hand pumps) into nalgene polycarbonate bottles. Filtration was done using inline PES cartridge filters. The vacuum bottles were argon gas-flushed to avoid oxygen contamination. Sea water (SW) was collected with polycarbonate bottles and from LDPE seepage meter bags (SP) and filtered upon return to the laboratory (same day, PES filter cartridges). Sample collection was trace organic and metal clean (soaking and rinsing of bottles, tubing, and filters with diluted HNO3 and HCl suprapur), with sample materials consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate. Solid-phase extraction was done with BOND Elut PPL cartridges and elution with Methanol Optima grade. Measurements were done with VA Computrace 757 (Cu ligand concentrations and stability constants), HR-ICP-MS (Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations), FT-ICR-MS (DOM), spectrophotometry (nutrients), and TOC analyzer (DOC and TDN). Trace metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Mn) and speciation (oxidation state, size fractions, and organic association), as well as nitrogen species and concentrations: "Spiekeroog beach subterranean estuary environmental data". Concentrations (µM or nM) are denoted in the headers. CuL1=Cu-binding ligands concentrations (nM), logK1=Cu-binding ligand stability constant. Molecular composition of dissolved organic matter and associated Fe and Cu: "Spiekeroog beach STE_ESI_x_Crosstab_x". pos & neg = positive and negative ionization mode. BSA & NWA = basic/strong acidic and neutral/weak acidic, refer to the extracted DOM fraction. Processed figures and tables based on the original data are published here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.004
    Keywords: copper; DOM trace metals; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; iron; ligands; pore water; subterranean estuary
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Spiekeroog beach subterranean estuary & seawater: Environmental data (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Data from pore water (subterranean estuary) and seawater from Spiekeroog south (near ICBM time series station and campsite) and west beach ("Sturmeck"). South beach data were collected in August 2012, and west beach data were collected in November 2012. Pore water (event labels: DUNE, MIX, LTWL) sample collection was conducted at different sediment depths (50, 100, 150 cm below sediment surface). Stainless steel push-point lancets were insetred into the sediment, and pore water was withdrawn via vacuum (hand pumps) into nalgene polycarbonate bottles. Filtration was done using inline PES cartridge filters. The vacuum bottles were argon gas-flushed to avoid oxygen contamination. Sea water (event label SW) was collected with polycarbonate bottles and from LDPE seepage meter bags (event label SP) and filtered upon return to the laboratory (same day, PES filter cartridges). Sample collection was trace organic and metal clean (soaking and rinsing of bottles, tubing, and filters with diluted HNO3 and HCl suprapur), with sample materials consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate. Solid-phase extraction was done with BOND Elut PPL cartridges and elution with Methanol Optima grade. Measurements were done with VA Computrace 757 (Cu ligand concentrations and stability constants), HR-ICP-MS (Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations), spectrophotometry (nutrients), and TOC analyzer (DOC and TDN).
    Keywords: Ammonium; Bottle, polycarbonate, Nalgene; Carbon, organic, dissolved, colloidal; Carbon, organic, dissolved, soluble; Carbon, organic, dissolved, total; Carbon, organic, dissolved of basic/strong acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Carbon, organic, dissolved of neutral/weak acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; competitive ligand equilibration/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (Buck and Bruland, 2005); copper; Copper, colloidal; Copper, soluble; Copper, total; Copper-binding ligand 1; Copper-binding ligand 1, conditional stability constant; Copper of basic/strong acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Copper of neutral/weak acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DOM trace metals; Event label; high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; iron; Iron, colloidal; Iron, ferrous, divalent; Iron, soluble; Iron, total; Iron of basic/strong acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Iron of neutral/weak acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Latitude of event; LDPSMB; ligands; Longitude of event; Low density polyethylen seepage meter bag; Manganese; NB_PC; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, total, dissolved of basic/strong acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Nitrogen, total, dissolved of neutral/weak acidic dissolved organic matter fraction; Nitrogen, total dissolved, soluble; Nitrogen, total dissolved, total; Nitrogen oxide; pore water; Salinity; SB_DUNE; SB_LTWL; SB_MIX; SB_SP1; SB_SP2; SB_SW1; SB_SW2; Shimadzu TOC-VCPH total organic carbon analyzer; Spectrophotometry, ferrozine (Viollier et al., 2000); Spectrophotometry (Reckhardt et al., 2015); Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; SSPP; stainless steel push-point lancet; subterranean estuary; WB_DUNE; WB_LTSW; WB_LTWL; WB_MIX; WB_SP1; WB_SP2; WB_SW1; WB_SW2
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 750 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Studies on the Fate and Transport of Pharmaceutical Residues in Bank Filtration (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Bank filtration and artificial ground water recharge are important, effective, and cheap techniques for surface water treatment and removal of microbes, as well as inorganic, and some organic, contaminants. Nevertheless, physical, chemical, and biological processes of the removal of impurities are not understood sufficiently. A research project titled Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration attempts to provide more clarity in the processes affecting the removal of these contaminants. The project focuses on the fate and transport of selected emerging contaminants during bank filtration at two transects in Berlin, Germany. Several detections of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in ground water samples from bank filtration sites in Germany led to furthering research on the removal of these compounds during bank filtration. In this study, six PhACs including the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone, the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone, and the drug metabolites clofibric acid and 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide were found to leach from the contaminated streams and lakes into the ground water. These compounds were also detected at low concentrations in receiving public supply wells. Bank filtration either decreased the concentrations by dilution (e.g., for carbamazepine and primidone) and partial removal (e.g., for diclofenac), or totally removed PhACs (e.g., bezafibrate, indomethacine, antibiotics, and estrogens). Several PhACs, such as carbamazepine and especially primidone, were readily transported during bank filtration. They are thought to be good indicators for evaluating whether surface water is impacted by contamination from municipal sewage effluent or whether contamination associated with sewage effluent can be transported into ground water at ground water recharge sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00714.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
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    Ideas and perspectives: Land-ocean connectivity through groundwater (2022)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-10
    Description: For millennia humans have gravitated towards coastlines for their resource potential and as geopolitical centres for global trade. A basic requirement ensuring water security for coastal communities relies on a delicate balance between the supply and demand of potable water. The interaction between freshwater and saltwater in coastal settings is, therefore, complicated by both natural and human-driven environmental changes at the land-sea interface. In particular, ongoing sea level rise, warming and deoxygenation might exacerbate such perturbations. In this context, an improved understanding of the nature and variability of groundwater fluxes across the land-sea continuum is timely, yet remains out of reach. The flow of terrestrial groundwater across the coastal transition zone as well as the extent of freshened groundwater below the present-day seafloor are receiving increased attention in marine and coastal sciences because they likely represent a significant, yet highly uncertain component of (bio)geochemical budgets, and because of the emerging interest in the potential use of offshore freshened groundwater as a resource. At the same time, “reverse” groundwater flux from offshore to onshore is of prevalent socio-economic interest as terrestrial groundwater resources are continuously pressured by overpumping and seawater intrusion in many coastal regions worldwide. An accurate assessment of the land-ocean connectivity through groundwater and its potential responses to future anthropogenic activities and climate change will require a multidisciplinary approach combining the expertise of geophysicists, hydrogeologists, (bio)geochemists and modellers. Such joint activities will lay the scientific basis for better understanding the role of groundwater in societal-relevant issues such as climate change, pollution and the environmental status of the coastal oceans within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we present our perspectives on future research directions to better understand land-ocean connectivity through groundwater, including the spatial distributions of the essential hydrogeological parameters, highlighting technical and scientific developments, and briefly discussing its societal relevance in rapidly changing coastal oceans.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 7
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    Ideas and perspectives: Land-ocean connectivity through groundwater (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: For millennia, humans have gravitated towards coastlines for their resource potential and as geopolitical centres for global trade. A basic requirement ensuring water security for coastal communities relies on a delicate balance between the supply and demand of potable water. The interaction between freshwater and saltwater in coastal settings is, therefore, complicated by both natural and human-driven environmental changes at the land-sea interface. In particular, ongoing sea level rise, warming and deoxygenation might exacerbate such perturbations. In this context, an improved understanding of the nature and variability of groundwater fluxes across the land-sea continuum is timely, yet remains out of reach. The flow of terrestrial groundwater across the coastal transition zone as well as the extent of freshened groundwater below the present-day seafloor are receiving increased attention in marine and coastal sciences because they likely represent a significant, yet highly uncertain component of (bio)geochemical budgets, and because of the emerging interest in the potential use of offshore freshened groundwater as a resource. At the same time, “reverse” groundwater flux from offshore to onshore is of prevalent socio-economic interest as terrestrial groundwater resources are continuously pressured by overpumping and seawater intrusion in many coastal regions worldwide. An accurate assessment of the land-ocean connectivity through groundwater and its potential responses to future anthropogenic activities and climate change will require a multidisciplinary approach combining the expertise of geophysicists, hydrogeologists, (bio)geochemists and modellers. Such joint activities will lay the scientific basis for better understanding the role of groundwater in societal-relevant issues such as climate change, pollution and the environmental status of the coastal oceans within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we present our perspectives on future research directions to better understand land-ocean connectivity through groundwater, including the spatial distributions of the essential hydrogeological parameters, highlighting technical and scientific developments, and briefly discussing its societal relevance in rapidly changing coastal oceans.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    The DynaDeep observatory – a unique approach to study high-energy subterranean estuaries (2023)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Subterranean estuaries are connective zones between inland aquifers and the open sea where terrestrial freshwater and circulating seawater mix and undergo major biogeochemical changes. They are biogeochemical reactors that modify groundwater chemistry prior to discharge into the sea. We propose that subterranean estuaries of high-energy beaches are particularly dynamic environments, where the effect of the dynamic boundary conditions propagates tens of meters into the subsurface, leading to strong spatio-temporal variability of geochemical conditions. We hypothesize that they form a unique habitat with an adapted microbial community unlike other typically more stable subsurface environments. So far, however, studies concerning subterranean estuaries of high-energy beaches have been rare and therefore their functioning, and their importance for coastal ecosystems, as well as for carbon, nutrient and trace element cycling, is little understood. We are addressing this knowledge gap within the interdisciplinary research project DynaDeep by studying the combined effect of surface (hydro- and morphodynamics) on subsurface processes (groundwater flow and transport, biogeochemical reactions, microbiology). A unique subterranean estuary observatory was established on the northern beach of the island of Spiekeroog facing the North Sea, serving as an exemplary high-energy research site and model system. It consists of fixed and permanent infrastructure such as a pole with measuring devices, multi-level groundwater wells and an electrode chain. This forms the base for autonomous measurements, regular repeated sampling, interdisciplinary field campaigns and experimental work, all of which are integrated via mathematical modelling to understand and quantify the functioning of the biogeochemical reactor. First results show that the DynaDeep observatory is collecting the intended spatially and temporally resolved morphological, sedimentological and biogeochemical data. Samples and data are further processed ex-situ and combined with experiments and modelling. Ultimately, DynaDeep aims at elucidating the global relevance of these common but overlooked environments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: video
    Format: image
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    The drivers of biogeochemistry in beach ecosystems: A cross-shore transect from the dunes to the low water line (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Chemistry, 190, pp. 35-50, ISSN: 03044203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-31
    Description: This study addresses key processes in high-energy beach systems using an interdisciplinary approach. We assess spatial variations in subsurface pore water residence times, salinity, organic matter (OM) availability, and redox conditions and their effects on nutrient cycles as well as on microbial community patterns and microphytobenthos growth. At the study site on Spiekeroog Island, southern North Sea, beach hydrology is characterized by the classical zonation with an upper saline plume (USP), a saltwater wedge, and a freshwater discharge tube in between. Sediment and pore water samples were taken along a cross-shore transect from the dunes to the low water line reaching sediment depths down to 5 m below sediment surface. Spatial variations in pore water residence time, salinity, and organic matter availability lead to steep redox and nutrient gradients. Vertical and horizontal differences in the microbial community indicate the influence of these gradients and salinity on the community structure. Modeled seawater flux through the USP and freshwater flux through the tube are on average 2.8 and 0.75 m3 per day and meter of shoreline, respectively. Furthermore, ridge sediments at the lower beach discharge seawater at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 m3 per day and meter of shoreline towards the runnel and seaside, respectively. Applying seawater and freshwater fluxes and representative nutrient concentrations for the discharge zones, nutrient fluxes to adjacent nearshore waters are 117 mmol NH4+, 55 mmol PO43 − and 575 mmol Si(OH)4 per day and meter of shoreline. We propose that this nutrient efflux triggers growth of microphytobenthos on sediment surfaces of the discharge zone. A first comparison of nutrient discharge rates of the beach site with a nearby sandy backbarrier tidal flat margin indicates that the beach system might be of less importance in supplying recycled nutrients to nearshore waters than the backbarrier tidal flat area.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    The impact of morphodynamics and storm floods on pore water flow and transport in the subterranean estuary (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: In this study, we demonstrate by numerical density-dependent groundwater flow and transport modelling how transient beach morphology and regular storm floods that are typical for high-energy beaches change this classical picture of a subterranean estuary. The model results suggest that the variable beach morphology and seasonal storm floods lead to strong spatiotemporal variability of hydrodynamic and transport patterns reaching several 10th of meters into the subsurface, thereby distorting the classical salinity stratification. We believe that these findings are particularly relevant for sandy high-energy beaches which are commonly present at global coastlines.
    Keywords: 551.49 ; subterranean estuary ; pore water flow ; numerical modeling
    Type: map
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
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