Note: Intro -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1: Hazardous responses of the solid Earth to a changing climate -- Summary -- Introduction -- Climate change as a driver of geological and geomorphological hazards at glacial-interglacial transitions -- Projected future climate changes and the potential for a geospheric response -- Climate forcing of hazards in the geosphere -- High latitude regions -- Ocean basins and margins -- Mountainous terrain -- Volcanic landscapes -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2: Projected future climate changes in the context of geological and geomorphological hazards -- Summary -- Introduction -- Climate change research: informing mitigation and adaptation -- Modelling the climate -- Emission scenarios -- Climate change projections -- Using climate projections to inform mitigation and adaptation -- Regional climate change -- Climate forcing of hazards in the geosphere -- Global oceans -- High-latitude regions -- Mountain regions -- Volcanic landscapes -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3: Climate change and collapsing volcanoes: evidence from Mount Etna, Sicily -- Summary -- Introduction -- Lateral collapse at Mount Etna -- Flank failure and watershed abandonment at Mount Etna -- Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of channel abandonment at Mount Etna -- Results and interpretations -- Implications of exposure ages for the formation of the Valle del Bove -- Nature of the collapse mechanism -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4: Melting ice and volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century -- Summary -- Introduction -- What are hazards for ice- and snow-covered volcanoes, and where are they found? -- Hazards for ice- and snow-covered volcanoes -- Pertubation of ice and snow by volcanic activity -- Explosive eruptions. , Edifice instability and collapse -- How is ice thickness on volcanoes currently changing? -- Ice thinning due to climate change -- Ice thinning due to volcanic and geothermal activity -- How has ice recession affected volcanic activity in the past? -- Evidence for accelerated volcanism triggered by deglaciation -- Edifice collapse triggered by ice recession -- How does the rate and extent of current ice melting compare with past changes? -- How might hazards be affected by melting of ice and snow? -- Ice unloading may encourage more explosive eruptions -- Ice unloading and increased melting may trigger edifice stability -- Melting of ice and snow may decrease the likelihood and magnitude of meltwater floods -- What are the likely effects of twenty-first century climate change on hazards at ice-covered volcanoes? -- Increased magma production and eruption in Iceland? -- Increased magma production and eruption globally? -- Potential effects on volcanic hazards -- Was the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull triggered by climate change? -- Gaps in our knowledge and targets for future research -- Future work required -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5: Multiple effects of ice load changes and associated stress change on magmatic systems -- Summary -- Introduction -- Effects of glacial unloading on deep magma generation -- Influence on magma capture in the crust -- Influence on shallow magma chambers -- Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 6: Response of faults to climate-driven changes in ice and water volumes at the surface of the Earth -- Summary -- Introduction -- General model set-up and results -- Case studies -- Scandinavia -- Basin-and-Range Province -- Implications for other formerly glaciated mountain ranges and for regions currently experiencing ice-mass loss -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7: Does the El-Niño - Southern Oscillation influence earthquake activity in the eastern tropical Pacific? -- Summary -- Introduction -- ENSO and the seismicity of the East Pacific Rise -- Origins and distribution of seismic activity on the East Pacific Rise -- Three different sources of seismic activity on the EPR -- Pore fluids and permeability in mid-ocean ridge systems compared with continental crust: implications for possible mechanisms of linkage between ENSO and EPR earthquakes -- Sea levels, plate flexure and EPR seismicity -- Statistical modelling of sea level and ENSO influence on earthquakes -- Zero-inflated Poisson regression model -- ENSO results -- Sea-level results -- Evaluation of alternative hypotheses -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8: Submarine mass failures as tsunami sources - their climate control -- Summary -- Introduction -- Submarine mass failures -- Landslide territories -- Open continental slope and eise -- Glaciated margins -- Glacially influenced margins -- Non-glaciated margins -- Other areas -- SMFs, tsunamis and climate control -- Temporal relationships between climate change and SMFs -- Does climate influence preconditioning of submarine sediment sequences to mass failure? -- Climate change as a trigger mechanism for SMFs -- Climate and sea-level change, and the preservation potential of tsunami sediments from SMFs -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9: High-mountain slope failures and recent and future warm extreme events -- Summary -- Introduction -- Case studies -- Central Southern Alps, New Zealand -- Alaskan case histories -- Monte Rosa, Alps -- Assessing changes in warm event frequencies based on RCM simulations -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10: Impacts of recent and future climate change on natural hazards in the European Alps. , Summary -- Introduction -- Aims and structure of this chapter -- Climate and environment of the European Alps -- Future climate patterns in the European Alps -- The 2003 heatwave and its impacts -- The 2005 flood event and its impacts -- Discussion -- Implication for natural hazard and risk management -- Conclusions and wider implications -- References -- 11: Assessing the past and future stability of global gas hydrate reservoirs -- Summary -- Introduction -- Gas hydrate structure -- Where are gas hydrates found? -- How much gas hydrate is there? -- Formation and break down of gas hydrates -- Hydrates and past climate changes -- Carbon isotope excursion at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary -- Paleocene/Eocene PETM -- A forcing role for methane in the Quaternary glacial to interglacial cycles -- Future global gas hydrate hazards -- Permafrost regions -- Marine risks -- Catastrophic submarine slope failures -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12: Methane hydrate instability: a view from the Palaeogene -- Summary -- Introduction -- The PETM and methane hydrates -- Sedimentological evidence for Palaeogene mass movements -- Magnitude of PETM carbon release -- PETM climate sensitivity -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.