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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Schlagwort(e): Space plasmas. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (527 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781119055020
    Serie: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.216
    DDC: 530.44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- Section I Ionosphere -- Chapter 1 Energetic Particle-Driven ULF Waves in the Ionosphere -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. EARLY RADAR OBSERVATIONS -- 1.3. SUPERDARN OBSERVATIONS -- 1.4. DOPPLER SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS -- 1.5. OBSERVATIONS FROM ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTATION -- 1.6. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ULF Waves and Transients in the Topside Ionosphere -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. ULF WAVE OBSERVATIONS IN LEO MISSIONS -- 2.3. MODELING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ULF MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES ABOVE THE IONOSPHERE AND ON THE GROUND -- 2.4. POSSIBILITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING OF PLANETARY INTERIOR FROM A LEO PROBE -- 2.5. ULF RESPONSE IN THE UPPER IONOSPHERE TO ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC DISCHARGES -- 2.6. DISCUSSION: PROSPECTS OF FURTHER STUDIES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Low-Frequency Waves in HF Heating of the Ionosphere -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. MODELING LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES IN HF HEATING -- 3.3. HEATING IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE -- 3.4. HF HEATING IN THE MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE -- 3.5. KINETIC PROCESSES IN HF HEATING -- 3.6. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Section II Inner Magnetosphere -- Chapter 4 ULF Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. FAST MODE WAVES -- 4.3. EXTERNALLY EXCITED STANDING WAVES -- 4.4. INTERNALLY EXCITED STANDING ALFVÉN WAVES -- 4.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 EMIC Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. EMIC WAVE GENERATION AND PROPAGATION TO THE GROUND -- 5.3. EMIC WAVES CLOSE TO THE PLASMAPAUSE: STATISTICS -- 5.4. EMIC WAVE DUCTING IN THE IONOSPHERE -- 5.5. COMPARISON OF GROUND AND SPACE OCCURRENCE RATES -- 5.6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 6 Relationship between Chorus and Plasmaspheric Hiss Waves -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. MODELING THE EVOLUTION OF CHORUS INTO PLASMASPHERIC HISS -- 6.3. COINCIDENT OBSERVATION OF CHORUS AND HISS MODULATION -- 6.4. IMAGING THE CHORUS SOURCE REGION USING PULSATING AURORA -- 6.5. LOW-FREQUENCY HISS -- 6.6. HIGH L CHORUS-HISS COINCIDENT OBSERVATIONS -- 6.7. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section III Auroral Region -- Chapter 7 ULF Waves above the Nightside Auroral Oval during Substorm Onset -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. WHAT IS A SUBSTORM? -- 7.3. DISCOVERY OF A ULF WAVE EPICENTRE TO SUBSTORM ONSET -- 7.4. ULF WAVE EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS AT ONSET -- 7.5. AURORAL BEADS, AZIMUTHAL AURORAL FLUCTUATIONS, AND THE SUBSTORM -- 7.6. AZIMUTHAL AURORAL FORMS AS MEASURED BY THE THEMIS ASIS -- 7.7. SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ULF WAVES AT SUBSTORM ONSET -- 7.8. WHAT PHYSICAL MECHANISMS FIT THE AZIMUTHAL STRUCTURING AND EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF THE SUBSTORM ONSET ARC? -- 7.9. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Relationship between Alfvén Wave and Quasi-Static Acceleration in Earth's Auroral Zone -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. AURORAL ACCELERATION -- 8.3. ACCELERATION BY QUASI-STATIC STRUCTURES -- 8.4. ACCELERATION BY ALFVÉN WAVES -- 8.5. SIMULTANEOUS ACCELERATION BY ALFVÉN WAVES AND DOUBLE LAYERS -- 8.6. ALFVÉN WAVE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DOUBLE LAYERS -- 8.7. DOUBLE LAYER AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ALFVÉN WAVES -- 8.8. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section IV Magnetotail -- Chapter 9 ULF Wave Modes in the Earth's Magnetotail -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. SOME OLD AND NEW THEORIES -- 9.3. A PICK FROM THE PcPi TREE -- 9.4. A TURBULENT ENDING -- 9.5. FAMOUS LAST WORDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 MHD Oscillations in the Earth's Magnetotail: Theoretical Studies -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION. , 10.2. MHD WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH A SHEAR FLOW AT THE MAGNETOPAUSE -- 10.3. OSCILLATIONS WITH A DISCRETE SPECTRUM OF "MAGIC FREQUENCIES" -- 10.4. COUPLED ALFVÉN AND SLOW MAGNETOSONIC WAVES IN THE MAGNETOTAIL -- 10.5. FLAPPING OSCILLATIONS OF THE CURRENT SHEET -- 10.6. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Low-Frequency Waves in the Tail Reconnection Region -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. THE GEOTAIL'S BEST RECONNECTION EVENT -- 11.3. ACTIVE X-LINE AND NONACTIVE FLOW REVERSAL EVENTS -- 11.4. AN EXAMPLE OF THE "NONACTIVE" FLOW REVERSAL EVENT -- 11.5. AN EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE X-LINE EVENTS AT THE DUSKSIDE EDGE -- 11.6. STATISTICAL SURVEY OF THE WAVE ACTIVITY -- 11.7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section V Magnetopause -- Chapter 12 ULF Waves at the Magnetopause -- 12.1. INTRODUCTION -- 12.2. BASIC THEORY -- 12.3. ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES -- 12.4. EXTERNAL CAUSES OF MP MOTION -- 12.5. MODE CONVERSION AT THE MP -- 12.6. SURFACE WAVES -- 12.7. KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY -- 12.8. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Role of Low‐Frequency Boundary Waves in the Dynamics of the Dayside Magnetopause and the Inner Magnetosphere -- 13.1. INTRODUCTION -- 13.2. CAVITY OR WAVEGUIDE MODES THAT COUPLE MAGNETOPAUSE AND INNER MAGNETOSPHERE WAVES -- 13.3. KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ WAVES -- 13.4. PERTURBATIONS WITH AN ORIGIN IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH OR AT THE BOW SHOCK -- 13.5. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION OR FLUX TRANSFER EVENTS (FTES) DRIVEN PROCESSES -- 13.6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Section VI Solar Wind -- Chapter 14 MHD Waves in the Solar Wind -- 14.1. INTRODUCTION -- 14.2. OBSERVATIONS OF MHD WAVES IN THE SOLAR WIND -- 14.3. MODELING MHD WAVES IN THE SOLAR WIND -- 14.4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind -- 15.1. INTRODUCTION. , 15.2. ICWS OBSERVED IN THE SOLAR WIND AT 1 AU -- 15.3. ICW STORMS AT 1 AU -- 15.4. GENERATION OF ICWS IN THE SOLAR WIND BY TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY INSTABILITY -- 15.5. THE WAVE SOURCE REGION IMPLIED FROM LH AND RH WAVE OBSERVATIONS -- 15.6. VARIATIONS OF ICW PROPERTIES WITH HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE FROM 0.3 TO 1 AU -- 15.7. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Low Frequency Waves at and Upstream of Collisionless Shocks -- 16.1. INTRODUCTION -- 16.2. WAVES AT QUASI‐PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS -- 16.3. ION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS -- 16.4. ION FORESHOCK WAVES -- 16.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section VII Moon -- Chapter 17 ULF/ELF Waves in Near-Moon Space -- 17.1. INTRODUCTION -- 17.2. MONOCHROMATIC ULF/ELF WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH REFLECTED PROTONS -- 17.3. NON-MONOCHROMATIC ELF WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH REFLECTED ELECTRONS -- 17.4. HIGHER FREQUENCY WHISTLERS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRON ANISOTROPY -- 17.5. ELF WAVES IN THE DEEPEST WAKE OF THE MOON -- 17.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 Upstream Waves and Particles at the Moon -- 18.1. INTRODUCTION -- 18.2. LUNAR UPSTREAM PARTICLES -- 18.3. LUNAR UPSTREAM WAVES -- 18.4. OUTLOOK FOR THE STUDY OF THE "FOREMOON" REGION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section VIII Planetary Magnetospheres -- Chapter 19 ULF Waves at Mercury -- 19.1. INTRODUCTION -- 19.2. FIELD LINE RESONANCE AT MERCURY'S MULTI-ION MAGNETOSPHERE -- 19.3. ION BERNSTEIN WAVES -- 19.4. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves at Venus and Mars -- 20.1. INTRODUCTION -- 20.2. MARS AS A COMET -- 20.3. LARGE-AMPLITUDE COHERENT COMPRESSIVE ULF WAVES -- 20.4. WAVES IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH -- 20.5. WAVES IN THE IONOSPHERE -- 20.6. WAVES IN THE TAIL -- 20.7. REMAINING QUESTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 21 A Review of the Low-Frequency Waves in the Giant Magnetospheres -- 21.1. INTRODUCTION -- 21.2. THE GIANT PLANET MAGNETODISCS -- 21.3. SOURCE MECHANISMS -- 21.4. OBSERVATIONS OF LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES -- 21.5. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section IX Solar Corona -- Chapter 22 Global Coronal Waves -- 22.1. INTRODUCTION -- 22.2. CHROMOSPHERIC MORETON WAVES -- 22.3. ARE "EIT WAVES" THE EXPECTED CORONAL MORETON WAVES? -- 22.4. TOWARD A BETTER MODEL -- 22.5. EVIDENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EUV WAVES -- 22.6. WHAT CAUSED THE CONFUSION? -- 22.7. WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS OF THE TWO TYPES OF EUV WAVES? -- 22.8. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH ON THE TWO TYPES OF EUV WAVES -- 22.9. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23 Waves in Solar Coronal Loops -- 23.1. INTRODUCTION -- 23.2. MHD MODES AND IDENTIFICATION -- 23.3. SLOW-MODE OSCILLATIONS OF HOT CORONAL LOOPS -- 23.4. FAST KINK-MODE OSCILLATIONS -- 23.5. PROPAGATING SLOW-MODE WAVES -- 23.6. PROPAGATING KINK-MODE WAVES -- 23.7. FINAL REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24 MHD Waves in Coronal Holes -- 24.1. INTRODUCTION -- 24.2. WAVES IN POLAR CORONAL HOLES -- 24.3. WAVES IN EQUATORIAL CORONAL HOLES -- 24.4. DISSIPATION/DAMPING IN WAVES -- 24.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section X Solar Photosphere and Chromosphere -- Chapter 25 MHD Wave Modes Resolved in Fine-Scale Chromospheric Magnetic Structures -- 25.1. INTRODUCTION -- 25.2. MHD KINK-MODE IDENTIFICATION -- 25.3. MHD SAUSAGE MODE IDENTIFICATION -- 25.4. MHD TORSIONAL ALFVÉN WAVE IDENTIFICATION -- 25.5. MHD WAVE MODE ENERGY FLUX -- 25.6. ADVANCES IN CHROMOSPHERIC MAGNETOSEISMOLOGY -- 25.7. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26 Ultra-High-Resolution Observations of MHD Waves in Photospheric Magnetic Structures -- 26.1. INTRODUCTION -- 26.2. MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES. , 26.3. ALFVÉN WAVES.
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-12
    Beschreibung: The response of Arctic Ocean biogeochemistry to subsurface flow driven by permafrost thaw is poorly understood. We present dissolved chloride and water isotopic data from the Chukchi Sea Shelf sediments that reveal the presence of a meteoric subsurface flow enriched in cations with a radiogenic Sr fingerprint. This subsurface fluid is also enriched in dissolved inorganic carbon and methane that bear isotopic compositions indicative of a carbon reservoir modified by reactions in a closed system. Such fluid characteristics are in stark contrast with those from other sites in the Chukchi Sea where the pore water composition shows no sign of meteoric input, but reflect typical biogeochemical reactions associated with early diagenetic sequences in marine sediment. The most likely source of the observed subsurface flow at the Chukchi Sea Shelf is from the degradation of permafrost that had extended to the shelf region during the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggest that the permafrost-driven subsurface flow most likely took place during the 2-3 oC warming in the Early Holocene Thermal Maximum (EHTM). This time scale is supported by numerical simulation of pore fluid profiles, which indicate that a minimum of several thousand years must have passed since the cessation of the subsurface methane-bearing fluid flow.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Degenerated PCR primers were used to amplify chitin synthase genes from genomic DNA of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. Through cloning and sequencing of approximately 600-bp fragments amplified by PCR, we found three genes encoding different types of chitin synthases, designated MaCHS1, MaCHS2, and MaCHS3. Southern blot analysis performed on genomic DNA showed that each of the chitin synthases MaCHS1, MaCHS2, and MaCHS3 is encoded by a single copy gene. Alignment of their deduced amino acid sequences with those of other euascomycetes separated the sequences into three distinct classes. MaCHS1 was identified as a gene for class I chitin synthase, MaCHS2 for class II, and MaCHS3 for class III. The UPGMA dendrogram and phylogenetic tree of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed the taxonomic and evolutionary position of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 124-126 (June 2007), p. 943-946 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Branched sulfonated poly(ether ketone sulfone) copolymer was prepared from1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 4,4-difluorophenylsulfone, 3,3'-disodiumsulfonylbenzophenone (40mol% of bisphenol A) and bisphenol A by polycondensation with the elimination of water in tolueneand NMP at 160) in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Composite membranes weresuccessfully cast from the control of organic polymer with SiO2 4-10 wt% of polymer in DMSO.The films were converted from the salt to acid forms with dilute hydrochloric acid. Organicinorganiccomposite membranes for operation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) were characterized and cell-tested. The physico-chemical properties of all membraneswere investigated their thermal properties, water uptake, DSC and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA). Branched copolymer and nano composite membranes exhibit proton conductivities from1.7x10-3 to 8.3x10-3 S/cm2, water uptake from 22 to 26%, IEC from 1.28 to 1.46 meq/g andmethanol diffusion coefficients from 1.2x10-7 to 1.7x10-7 cm2/S
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-24
    Beschreibung: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/cg501227z
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Digitale ISSN: 1528-7505
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
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