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  • 1
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The context for understanding global climate change today lies in the records of Earth’s past. This is demonstrated by decades of paleoclimate research by scientists in organizations such as the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL), and many others.The purpose of this full colour textbook is to put key data and published case studies of past climate change at your fingertips, so that you can experience the nature of paleoclimate reconstruction.Using foundational geologic concepts,students explore a wide variety of topics, including: marine sediments, age determination, stable isotope paleoclimate proxies, Cenozoic climate change, climate cycles, polar climates, and abrupt warming and cooling events, students are invited to evaluate published scientific data, practice developing and testing hypotheses, and infer the broader implications of scientific results.It is our philosophy that addressing how we knowis as important as addressing what we knowabout past climate change. Making climate change science accessible is the goal of this book.This book is intended for earth science students at a variety of levels studying paleoclimatology, oceanography, Quaternary science, or earth-system science.Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/stjohn/climatehistory. Dr. Kristen St. Johnis a Professor of Geology at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, VA. St. John is a marine sedimentologist, specializing in high latitude paleoclimate records and reconstructing ice-rafting histories. She has participated in four scientific ocean drilling expeditions with the ODP/IODP. Her teaching responsibilities include: Earth Systems and Climate Change, Oceanography for Teachers, Earth Science for Teachers, Geowriting and Communication, Paleoclimatology, and Physical Geology.Dr. R. Mark Leckieis a Professor of Geology at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. Leckie is a marine micropaleontologist and specializes in paleoceanography, particularly reconstructing ocean-climate history of the past 120 million years. He has participated in six DSDP/ODP scientific expeditions, and served as Co-Chief Scientist of ODP Leg 165. His teaching responsibilities include: Introductory Oceanography; History of the Earth; Introductory Field Methods; Paleoceanography; and Marine Micropaleontology.Dr. Kate Poundis a Professor of Geology, and a member of the Science Education Group at St. Cloud State University. Pound leads hands-on education and outreach programs for teachers in Minnesota, and was a science educator in the ANDRILL program in Antarctica. Her research focuses on provenance studies and regional tectonics. Her teaching responsibilities include: Physical Geology, Glacial Geology, Field Geology, Rocks Minerals, Sedimentology, General Education Geology courses, and Science for Elementary Teachers.Dr. Megan Jonesis a Professor of Geology at North Hennepin Community College, a diverse, open-access institution. Jones' broad background and experience in marine micropaleontology/paleoceanography, sed/strat and field geology offers her students options to pursue field experiences and undergraduate research. Her research interest focuses on the connections between student motivation and success in introductory science courses. Her teaching responsibilities include: Physical and Historical Geology, Oceanography, and Minnesota Field Geology.Dr. Lawrence Krissekis a Professor in the School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University. His primary scientific research is the study of the evolution of climates and ocean environments on the earth during the past 65 million years. He has conducted field research in the Antarctic, and has sailed on numerous DSDP, ODP, and IODP cruises. He teaches Oceanography, Oceanography for Educators, Field Geology for Educators, Natural Hazards, Physical Geology, Historical Geology, and Stratigraphy and Sedimentation.
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: XLI, 485 Seiten
    ISBN: 9781118232941
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-16
    Beschreibung: Oscillations in ice sheet extent during early and middle Miocene are intermittently preserved in the sedimentary record from the Antarctic continental shelf, with widespread erosion occurring during major ice sheet advances, and open marine deposition during times of ice sheet retreat. Data from seismic reflection surveys and drill sites from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 28 and International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 374, located across the present-day middle continental shelf of the central Ross Sea (Antarctica), indicate the presence of expanded early to middle Miocene sedimentary sections. These include the Miocene climate optimum (MCO ca. 17−14.6 Ma) and the middle Miocene climate transition (MMCT ca. 14.6−13.9 Ma). Here, we correlate drill core records, wireline logs and reflection seismic data to elucidate the depositional architecture of the continental shelf and reconstruct the evolution and variability of dynamic ice sheets in the Ross Sea during the Miocene. Drill-site data are used to constrain seismic isopach maps that document the evolution of different ice sheets and ice caps which influenced sedimentary processes in the Ross Sea through the early to middle Miocene. In the early Miocene, periods of localized advance of the ice margin are revealed by the formation of thick sediment wedges prograding into the basins. At this time, morainal bank complexes are distinguished along the basin margins suggesting sediment supply derived from marine-terminating glaciers. During the MCO, biosiliceous-bearing sediments are regionally mapped within the depocenters of the major sedimentary basin across the Ross Sea, indicative of widespread open marine deposition with reduced glacimarine influence. At the MMCT, a distinct erosive surface is interpreted as representing large-scale marine-based ice sheet advance over most of the Ross Sea paleo-continental shelf. The regional mapping of the seismic stratigraphic architecture and its correlation to drilling data indicate a regional transition through the Miocene from growth of ice caps and inland ice sheets with marine-terminating margins, to widespread marine-based ice sheets extending across the outer continental shelf in the Ross Sea.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-12
    Beschreibung: The repeated proximity of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) ice to the eastern Ross Sea continental shelf break during past ice age cycles has been inferred to directly influence sedimentary processes occurring on the continental slope, such as turbidity current and debris flow activity; thus, the records of these processes can be used to study the past history of the WAIS. Ross Sea slope sediments may additionally provide an archive on the history and interplay of density-driven or geostrophic oceanic bottom currents with ice-sheet-driven depositional mechanisms. We investigate the upper 121 m of Hole U1525A, collected during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 374 in 2018. Hole U1525A is located on the southwestern external levee of the Hillary Canyon (Ross Sea, Antarctica) and the depositional lobe of the nearby trough-mouth fan. Using core descriptions, grain size analysis, and physical properties datasets, we develop a lithofacies scheme that allows construction of a detailed depositional model and environmental history of past ice sheet-ocean interactions at the eastern Ross Sea continental shelf break/slope since ~2.4 Ma. The earliest Pleistocene interval (~2.4- ~ 1.4 Ma) represents a hemipelagic environment dominated by ice-rafting and reworking/deposition by relatively persistent bottom current activity. Finely interlaminated silty muds with ice-rafted debris (IRD) layers are interpreted as contourites. Between ~1.4 and ~0.8 Ma, geostrophic bottom current activity was weaker and turbiditic processes more common, likely related to the increased proximity of grounded ice at the shelf edge. Silty, normally-graded laminations with sharp bases may be the result of flow-stripped turbidity currents overbanking the canyon levee during periods when ice was grounded at or proximal to the shelf edge. A sandy, IRD- and foraminifera-bearing interval dated to ~1.18 Ma potentially reflects warmer oceanographic conditions and a period of stronger Antarctic Slope Current flow. This may have enhanced upwelling of warm Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf, leading to large-scale glacial retreat at that time. The thickest interval of turbidite interlamination was deposited after ~1 Ma, following the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, interpreted as a time when most ice sheets grew and glacial periods were longer and more extreme. Sedimentation after ~0.8 Ma was dominated by glacigenic debris flow deposition, as the trough mouth fan that dominates the eastern Ross Sea continental slope prograded and expanded over the site. These findings will help to improve estimations of WAIS ice extent in future Ross Sea shelf-based modelling studies, and provide a basis for more detailed analysis of the inception and growth of the WAIS under distinct oceanographic conditions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-12
    Beschreibung: In this paper we analyze how oceanic circulation affects sediment deposition along a sector of the Ross Sea continental margin, between the Iselin Bank and the Hillary Canyon, and how these processes evolved since the Late Miocene. The Hillary Canyon is one of the few places around the Antarctic continental margin where the dense waters produced onto the continental shelf, mainly through brine rejection related to sea ice production, flow down the continental slope and reach the deep oceanic bottom layer. At the same time the Hillary Canyon represents a pathway for relatively warm waters, normally flowing along the continental slope within the Antarctic Slope Current, to reach the continental shelf. The intrusion of warm waters onto the continental shelf produces basal melting of the ice shelves, reduces their buttressing effect and triggers instabilities of the ice sheet that represent one of the main uncertainties in future sea level projections. For this study we use seismic, morpho-bathymetric and oceanographic data acquired in 2017 by the R/V OGS Explora. Seismic profiles and multibeam bathymetry are interpreted together with age models from two drilling sites (U1523 and U1524) of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 374. Oceanographic data, together with a regional oceanographic model, are used to support our reconstruction by showing the present-day oceanographic influence on sediment deposition. Regional correlation of the main seismic unconformities allows us to identify eight seismic sequences. Seismic profiles and multibeam bathymetry show a strong influence of bottom current activity on sediment deposition since the Early Miocene and a reduction in their intensity during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period. Oceanographic data and modelling provide evidence that the bottom currents are related to the dense waters produced on the Ross Sea continental shelf and flowing out through the Hillary Canyon. The presence of extensive mass transport deposits and detachment scarps indicate that also mass wasting participates in sediment transport. Through this integrated approach we regard the area between the Iselin Bank and the Hillary Canyon as a Contourite Depositional System (ODYSSEA CDS) that offers a record of oceanographic and sedimentary conditions in a unique setting. The hypotheses presented in this work are intended to serve as a framework for future reconstructions based on detailed integration of lithological, paleontological, geochemical and petrophysical data.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-20
    Beschreibung: Early to Middle Miocene sea-level oscillations of approximately 40–60 m estimated from far-field records1–3 are interpreted to reflect the loss of virtually all East Antarctic ice during peak warmth2. This contrasts with ice-sheet model experiments suggesting most terrestrial ice in East Antarctica was retained even during the warmest intervals of the Middle Miocene4,5. Data and model outputs can be reconciled if a large West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) existed and expanded across most of the outer continental shelf during the Early Miocene, accounting for maximum ice-sheet volumes. Here we provide the earliest geological evidence proving large WAIS expansions occurred during the Early Miocene (~17.72–17.40 Ma). Geochemical and petrographic data show glacimarine sediments recovered at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1521 in the central Ross Sea derive from West Antarctica, requiring the presence of a WAIS covering most of the Ross Sea continental shelf. Seismic, lithological and palynological data reveal the intermittent proximity of grounded ice to Site U1521. The erosion rate calculated from this sediment package greatly exceeds the long-term mean, implying rapid erosion of West Antarctica. This interval therefore captures a key step in the genesis of a marine-based WAIS and a tipping point in Antarctic ice-sheet evolution.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leckie, R Mark (1984): Mid-Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy off central Morocco, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 79, Sites 545 and 547. In: Hinz, K; Winterer, EL; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 79, 579-620, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.79.122.1984
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-05-12
    Beschreibung: Sites 545 and 547 collectively penetrated 629 m of mid-Cretaceous strata (upper Aptian to upper Cenomanian) off central Morocco during Leg 79 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Site 545, at the base of the steep Mazagan Escarpment, records a virtually complete succession of hemipelagic sediments of early late Aptian to middle Cenomanian age. Minor faunal recycling occurred throughout much of the upper Aptian to middle Albian part of the sequence (Cores 55 through 41), reflecting bottom currents along the Mazagan Escarpment. This may be related to the strong upwelling regime and high surface water productivity over Site 545 during the latest Aptian through middle Albian. The upwelling system ceased rather abruptly in this area in late middle Albian time. Recycling of older strata by bottom currents also ceased in the late middle Albian and resulted in a slower average accumulation rate in the upper Albian to middle Cenomanian section of Site 545 (Cores 40 through 28). However, intervals of pebbly claystone conglomerates in Cores 40 and 34 record sporadic instability in the slope adjacent to Site 545. Site 547, located only about 15 km seaward, is situated in a small sub-basin adjacent to the basement block drilled by Site 544. It contains an expanded upper Albian to upper Cenomanian sequence as a result of the numerous conglomeratic intervals throughout much of the section. In contrast to Site 545, the conglomerates were not derived from older strata cropping out on the Mazagan Escarpment; rather, they originated penecontemporaneously from a local unstable slope. A detailed biostratigraphic framework based on planktonic foraminifers is established for the mid-Cretaceous sections of Sites 545 and 547 and a new composite zonal scheme is proposed for the early late Aptian through early late Cenomanian interval. Fifty-five species are recognized and illustrated
    Schlagwort(e): Deep Sea Drilling Project; DSDP
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 7
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    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leckie, R Mark; Webb, Peter-Noel (1986): Late Paleogene and early Neogene foraminifers of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 270, Ross Sea, Antarctica. In: Kennett, JP; von der Borch, CC; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 90, 1093-1142, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.90.124.1986
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-09
    Beschreibung: Foraminifers from the upper Oligocene, lower Miocene, and Pleistocene at Site 270 in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, are discussed and illustrated. The total fauna comprises 74 genera and 163 species. A small number of taxa are recycled from Cretaceous and older Paleogene sediments. Four assemblage zones are proposed, the age of informal lithologic units discussed, and potentially important hiatuses identified. Microfaunas reflect a mixing of biogeographic affinities with one element exhibiting similarities to temperate late Paleogene assemblages in New Zealand, and another representing the early cold-water assemblages of the antarctic Neogene.
    Schlagwort(e): 28-270; Ammobaculites cf. coprolithiformis; Ammobaculites cf. expansus; Ammodiscus cf. glabratus; Ammodiscus cf. incertus; Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis; Anomalinoides cf. macroglabra; Anomalinoides globulosa; Anomalinoides pinguiglabra; Antarctic Ocean; Arenodosaria antipoda; Articulina sp.; Astacolus crepidularis; Astacolus sp.; Astrononion echolsi; Astrorhiza cf. granulosa; Bathysiphon aff. cyclindrica; Bathysiphon cf. alba; Bathysiphon discreta; Bathysiphon sp.; Cancris laevinflatus; Candeina antarctica; Cassidulina bradyi; Cassidulinoides braziliensis; Cassidulinoides cf. chapmani; Cassidulinoides cf. parkeriana; Ceratobulimina spp.; Chiloguembelina cubensis; Cibicides cf. thiara; Cibicides lobatulus; Cibicides medocris; Cibicides pseudoungerianus; Cibicides refulgens; Cibicides temperata; Cibicides vortex; Cyclammina cf. complanata; Cyclammina incisa; Cyclammina rotundata; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Dentalina cf. advena; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Ehrenbergina glabra; Elphidium cf. nitidum; Elphidium magellanicum; Elphidium sp.; Epistominella vitrea; Epoch; Eponides bradyi; Eponides cf. weddellensis; Eponides tumidulus; Fissurina agassizi; Fissurina annectens; Fissurina bisulcata; Fissurina danica; Fissurina fimbriata; Fissurina kerguelensis; Fissurina laevigata; Fissurina lucida; Fissurina marginata; Fissurina sp.; Flintina cf. droogeri; Fursenkoina schreibersiana; Gaudryina reusii; Gaudryina sp.; Globigerina cf. angiporoides; Globigerina cf. ouachitaensis; Globigerina megastoma; Globigerina sp.; Globigerinita cf. glutinata; Globigerinoides trilobus; Globobulimina sp.; Globocassidulina biora; Globocassidulina crassa; Globocassidulina subglobosa; Globorotalia cf. gemma; Globorotalia cf. siakensis; Globorotalia sp.; Globorotaloides cf. suteri; Glomar Challenger; Gyroidina cf. orbicularis; Gyroidina parva; Gyroidina zelandica; Haplophragmoides sp.; Hormosina globulifera; Hyperammina cylindrica; Islandiella norcrossi; Islandiella teretis; Jaculella cf. acuta; Karreriella obscura; Lagena cf. laevigata; Lagena elongata; Lagena gracilis; Lagena laevis; Lagena nebulosa; Lagena sequenziana; Lagena striata; Lagena sulcata; Leg28; Lenticulina callifera; Lenticulina cf. punctata; Lenticulina lenticula; Lenticulina sp.; Lithologic unit/sequence; Marginulina cf. cocoaensis; Marginulina tumida; Marginulinopsis cf. pedum; Marsipella sp.; Melonis affinis; Melonis barleeanus; Miliammina lata; Neogloboquadrina pachyderma; Nodosaria calomorpha; Nodosaria sp.; Nonionella bradii; Nonionella iridea; Nonionella magnalingua; Oolina apiculata; Oolina apiopleura; Oolina globosa; Oridorsalis tenera; Parafissurina cf. tasmanica; Parafissurina curta; Parafissurina groenlandica; Parafissurina lateralia; Parafissurina subcarinata; Protobotellina cyclindica; Psammosphaera fusca; Pullenia bulloides; Pullenia subcarinata; Pyrgo cf. vespertilio; Quinqueloculina seminulum; Quinqueloculina triangularis; Reophax cf. cushmanii; Reophax cf. nodulosa; Reophax scorpiurus; Reophax sp.; Rhabdammina cf. abyssorum; Rhabdammina linearis; Rhizammina algaeformis; Rhizammina sp.; Robertina tasmainia; Rosalina globularis; Sample code/label; Saracenaria kellumi; Saracenaria sp.; Siphonina spp.; Sphaeroidina bulloides; Textularia cf. plummerae; Textularia sp.; Trifarina aff. fuegina; Trifarina earlandi; Trifarina pauperata; Triloculina rotundata; Trochammina sp.; Trochoelphidiella pustulosa; Trochoelphidiella sp.; Trochoelphidiella uniforamina; Uvigerina cf. miozea; Uvigerina sp.; Vaginulina awamoana; Vaginulina cf. reophagia
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 18253 data points
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): 26-258; AGE; Calculated; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Indian Ocean//PLATEAU; Leg26; Mass spectrometer VG Sector 54; Preservation; Sample code/label; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 33 data points
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): 36-327A; AGE; Barium/Calcium ratio; Calculated; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Direct current plasma emission spectrometry (DCP); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron/Calcium ratio; Leg36; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Manganese/Calcium ratio; Mass spectrometer VG Sector 54; Preservation; Sample code/label; Sodium/Calcium ratio; South Atlantic/PLATEAU; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 50 data points
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): 44-390; AGE; Barium/Calcium ratio; Calculated; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Direct current plasma emission spectrometry (DCP); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron/Calcium ratio; Leg44; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Manganese/Calcium ratio; Mass spectrometer VG Sector 54; North Atlantic; Preservation; Sample code/label; Sodium/Calcium ratio; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 55 data points
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