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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sevoflurane elimination kinetics in children (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared the rates of elimination of sevoflurane and halothane in 29 children, aged between one and seven years, undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia. Analgesia was provided by fentanyl and muscle relaxation by atracurium. Anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation of one MAC of either sevoflurane or halothane, based on an equipotent concentration of each agent for the age of the child. Following simultaneous discontinuation of N2O and the inhalational agent, the equation describing N2O washout was identical in the presence of halothane and sevoflurane, showing that there was no effect of the volatile agent on the rate of N2O elimination. The elimination of sevoflurane and N2O give similar types of equations. Halothane elimination gives a logarithmic type of equation, showing a slower release, corresponding to residual tissue content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00309.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two deep ice cores from central Greenland, drilled in the 1990s, have played a key role in climate reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere, but the oldest sections of the cores were disturbed in chronology owing to ice folding near the bedrock. Here we present an undisturbed climate record from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02805
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    17O-excess at Vostok indicates stratospheric input [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-30
    Description: Combined measurements of water isotopologues of a snow pit at Vostok over the past 60 y reveal a unique signature that cannot be explained only by climatic features as usually done. Comparisons of the data using a general circulation model and a simpler isotopic distillation model reveal a stratospheric signature...
    Keywords: Chemistry and Applications in Nature of Mass Independent Isotope Effects Special Feature
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Interglacial Antarctic–Southern Ocean climate decoupling due to moisture source area shifts (2021)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the influences of sea ice and atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate, past changes in this region remain poorly documented. Here, we present the 800 ka deuterium excess record from the East Antarctica EPICA Dome C ice core, tracking sea surface temperature in evaporative regions of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from which moisture precipitated in East Antarctica is derived. We find that low obliquity leads to surface warming in evaporative moisture source regions during each glacial inception, although this relative temperature increase is counterbalanced by global cooling during glacial maxima. Links between the two regions during interglacials depends on the existence of a temperature maximum at the interglacial onset. In its absence, temperature maxima in the evaporative moisture source regions and in East Antarctica were synchronous. For the other interglacials, temperature maxima in the source areas lag early local temperature maxima by several thousand years, probably because of a change in the position of the evaporative source areas.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Tritium records to trace stratospheric moisture inputs in Antarctica (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Better assessing the dynamic of stratosphere-troposphere exchange is a key point to improve our understanding of the climate dynamic in the East Antarctica Plateau, a region where stratospheric inputs are expected to be important. Although tritium ( 3 H or T), a nuclide naturally produced mainly in the stratosphere and rapidly entering the water cycle as HTO, seems a first-rate tracer to study these processes, tritium data are very sparse in this region. We present the first high resolution measurements of tritium concentration over the last 50 years in three snow pits drilled at the Vostok station. Natural variability of the tritium records reveals two prominent frequencies, one at about 10 years (to be related to the solar Schwabe cycles) and the other one at a shorter periodicity : despite dating uncertainty at this short-scale, a good correlation is observed between 3 H and Na + and an anti-correlation between 3 H and δ 18 O measured on an individual pit. The outputs from the LMDZ Atmospheric General Circulation Model including stable water isotopes and tritium show the same 3 H- δ 18 O anti correlation and allow further investigation on the associated mechanism. At the interannual scale, the modelled 3 H variability matches well with the SAM (Southern Annular Mode) index. At the seasonal scale, we show that modelled stratospheric tritium inputs in the troposphere are favored in winter cold and dry conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    A global picture of the first abrupt climatic event occurring during the last glacial inception (2012)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, 39(15), pp. L15703, ISSN: 00948276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The orbital-scale transition from the last interglacial to glacial climate corresponds to the progressive organization of global millennial-scale climate variability. Here, we investigate the structure and the global fingerprint of the first warming event occurring during the last glacial inception, the Greenland InterStadial 25 (GIS 25). Using centennial to decadal-resolution measurements ofδ18O and δD in the ice together with δ15N, δ18O2 and CH4in the trapped air, we show that GIS 25 does not coincide with large environmental changes at lower latitudes. Such an equivocal fingerprint questions whether GIS 25 is simply a smaller amplitude version of later rapid events or whether it reflects a more regional northern hemisphere origin for the initiation of the millennial-scale climatic variability. After this ambiguous first rapid event, the onset of the global millennial-scale variability -characteristic of the last glacial period- occurs as a short (300 years) event ending GIS 25.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    A 4.5 Year-Long Record of Svalbard Water Vapor Isotopic Composition Documents Winter Air Mass Origin (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125(23), pp. e2020JD032681
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-12
    Description: Abstract From May 2014 to September 2018, a laser spectrometer analyzer provided a 4.5 years continuous record of water vapor isotopic composition at Ny-à lesund (8 m above sea level, a.s.l.), Svalbard. It corresponds to the longest data set published in polar regions. A comparison of this data set with a parallel similar data set obtained during 20 days by a second laser spectrometer installed near Mount Zeppelin (474 m a.s.l.) shows that this data set is representative of a regional signal. In addition, the observation of insignificant diurnal cycles in the isotopic signal compared to the strong isotopic signature of synoptic events and the comparison of simultaneous measurements in the vapor and in rain or snow samples lead to the conclusion that our record reflects a large part of the regional dynamics of the atmospheric water cycle driven by large-scale variability. This study focuses on winters dominated by the occurrence of synoptic events associated with humidity peaks. Using statistics and back trajectories calculations, we link high humidity peaks characterized by an anticorrelation between δ18O and d-excess in the water vapor to a rapid shift of air mass source regions from the Arctic to the North Atlantic Ocean below 60°N. On the other hand, correlation between δ18O and d-excess may be associated with a shift of air mass sources within the Arctic. These results demonstrate the added value of long-term water vapor isotopic monitoring to better understand the moisture origin in the Arctic and the atmospheric dynamics.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters in France (2021)
    Geological Society of London
    In:  EPIC3Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society of London, 507, ISSN: 0305-8719
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: The isotopic compositions of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) are widely used to locate the geo- graphical origin of biological remains or manufactured products. In this paper, we analyse the distributions of δ18O and δ2H in tap waters sampled across France, and in precipitation interpolated with the Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator and modelled with the isotope-enabled ECHAM6-wiso model. Our aim is to provide isoscapes usable in archaeology and forensics and evaluate whether the modelled data could be surrogates for measured ones. The δ18O and δ2H in the 396 tap waters sampled varied spatially within a range of 10‰ and 77‰, respectively. Their consistent distributions followed rules summarized by the effects of altitude and dis- tance from the coast. Their variations along the year were small. Therefore, the database provides a solid ref- erence for δ18O and δ2H of the water supply system at the regional scale. The areas with the most uncommon oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (Atlantic coast south of Brittany and the highest elevations in the Alps) are the most accurately traceable areas in provenancing studies. The isotopic compositions of modelled precipitation have the same spatial distributions but different absolute values from those of tap waters. There- fore, our results favour the use of statistical isoscapes rather than general circulation model-based isoscapes in provenancing studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 9
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    What controls the isotopic composition of Greenland surface snow? (2014)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 10(1), pp. 377-392, ISSN: 1814-9332
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: Water stable isotopes in Greenland ice core data provide key paleoclimatic information, and have been compared with precipitation isotopic composition simulated by isotopically enabled atmospheric models. However, post-depositional processes linked with snow metamorphism remain poorly documented. For this purpose, monitoring of the isotopic composition (δ18O, δD) of near-surface water vapor, precipitation and samples of the top (0.5 cm) snow surface has been conducted during two summers (2011–2012) at NEEM, NW Greenland. The samples also include a subset of 17O-excess measurements over 4 days, and the measurements span the 2012 Greenland heat wave. Our observations are consistent with calculations assuming isotopic equilibrium between surface snow and water vapor. We observe a strong correlation between near-surface vapor δ18O and air temperature (0.85 ± 0.11‰ °C−1 (R = 0.76) for 2012). The correlation with air temperature is not observed in precipitation data or surface snow data. Deuterium excess (d-excess) is strongly anti-correlated with δ18O with a stronger slope for vapor than for precipitation and snow surface data. During nine 1–5-day periods between precipitation events, our data demonstrate parallel changes of δ18O and d-excess in surface snow and near-surface vapor. The changes in δ18O of the vapor are similar or larger than those of the snow δ18O. It is estimated using the CROCUS snow model that 6 to 20% of the surface snow mass is exchanged with the atmosphere. In our data, the sign of surface snow isotopic changes is not related to the sign or magnitude of sublimation or deposition. Comparisons with atmospheric models show that day-to-day variations in near-surface vapor isotopic composition are driven by synoptic variations and changes in air mass trajectories and distillation histories. We suggest that, in between precipitation events, changes in the surface snow isotopic composition are driven by these changes in near-surface vapor isotopic composition. This is consistent with an estimated 60% mass turnover of surface snow per day driven by snow recrystallization processes under NEEM summer surface snow temperature gradients. Our findings have implications for ice core data interpretation and model–data comparisons, and call for further process studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Recent changes in north-west Greenland climate documented by NEEM shallow ice core data and simulations, and implications for past-temperature reconstructions (2015)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 9(4), pp. 1481-1504, ISSN: 1994-0424
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: Combined records of snow accumulation rate, δ18O and deuterium excess were produced from several shallow ice cores and snow pits at NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling), covering the period from 1724 to 2007. They are used to investigate recent climate variability and characterise the isotope–temperature relationship. We find that NEEM records are only weakly affected by inter-annual changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. Decadal δ18O and accumulation variability is related to North Atlantic sea surface temperature and is enhanced at the beginning of the 19th century. No long-term trend is observed in the accumulation record. By contrast, NEEM δ18O shows multidecadal increasing trends in the late 19th century and since the 1980s. The strongest annual positive δ18O values are recorded at NEEM in 1928 and 2010, while maximum accumulation occurs in 1933. The last decade is the most enriched in δ18O (warmest), while the 11-year periods with the strongest depletion (coldest) are depicted at NEEM in 1815–1825 and 1836–1846, which are also the driest 11-year periods. The NEEM accumulation and δ18O records are strongly correlated with outputs from atmospheric models, nudged to atmospheric reanalyses. Best performance is observed for ERA reanalyses. Gridded temperature reconstructions, instrumental data and model outputs at NEEM are used to estimate the multidecadal accumulation–temperature and δ18O–temperature relationships for the strong warming period in 1979–2007. The accumulation sensitivity to temperature is estimated at 11 ± 2 % °C−1 and the δ18O–temperature slope at 1.1 ± 0.2 ‰ °C−1, about twice as large as previously used to estimate last interglacial temperature change from the bottom part of the NEEM deep ice core.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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