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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population ecology and genetics of the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) : = Populationsökologie und -genetik des Polychaeten Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) (2002)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 Seiten = 7 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karten
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/59616/
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Einnischung der Nemertine Tetrastemma melanocephalum in die Lebensgemeinschaft des "Corophium-Watts" (1996)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 Seiten = 4 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karte
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/53640/
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Population ecology and genetics of the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) : = Populationsökologie und -genetik des Polychaeten Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) (2003)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Orbiniidae North Sea Region ; Scoloplos armiger ; Polychaeta North Sea Region ; Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift ; Nordsee ; Vielborster ; Fortpflanzung ; Populationsbiologie ; Genetik ; Scoloplos armiger ; Demökologie ; Genetik
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 95 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 438
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/361276060.pdf
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/361276060.pdf
    URL: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Publications/Kru2002d.pdf
    RVK:
    RY 20075
    Language: English
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. Spr , Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preying at the edge of the sea: the nemertine Tetrastemma melanocephalum and its amphipod prey on high intertidal sandflats (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 426 (2000), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: predation ; Corophium arenarium ; prey escape ; drift ; zonation ; Nereis diversicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the European Wadden Sea, the nemertine Tetrastemma melanocephalumoccurs together with its prey, the amphipod Corophium arenarium, in the upper intertidal zone. T. melanocephalumleaves the sediment when the tide has receded and captures C. arenarium in its U-shaped burrow. Highest abundances of T. melanocephalumon the sediment surface were found on summer evenings, 2–4 h after high tide, when just a thin film of water was left on the flats. Laboratory Y-maze experiments indicated that gradients of substances produced by C. arenarium in this film of water play a role in tracking the prey. In the field, T. melanocephalum appeared in significantly higher numbers on experimental high density patches of C. arenarium. The amphipod in turn is able to recognize the nemertine. In aquarium experiments, significantly more amphipods escaped from the sediment into the water column when the predator was present. In the field, both predator and prey showed a high mobility by drifting in tidal waters. Benthic abundance maxima of T. melanocephalum and C. arenariumusually did not coincide spatially. It is assumed that the nemertines avoid tidal flats that dry out quickly leaving too little time for prey capture. T. melanocephalum is not able to dig into the sediment, but lives in burrows of Nereis diversicolor. The abundance of this polychaete was inversely related to C. arenarium, presenting a dilemma for T. melanocephalum: the spatial overlap of food and accommodation was rather small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003955523468
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Molecular support for temporal dynamics of induced anti-herbivory defenses in the brown seaweed Fucus Vesiculosus (2013)
    International Phycological Society
    In:  Phycologia, 52 (4,Supplement). p. 31.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Grazing by the isopod Idotea baltica induces chemical defenses in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. A combination of a 33 day induction experiment, feeding choice assays and functional genomic analyses was used to investigate temporal defense patterns and to correlate changes in palatability to changes in gene expression. Despite permanent grazing, seaweed palatability varied over time. Controls were significantly more consumed than grazed pieces only after 18 and 27 days of grazing. Relative to controls, 562/402 genes were up-/down-regulated in seaweed pieces that were grazed for 18 days, i.e. when defense induction was detected. Reprogramming of the regulative expression orchestra (translation, transcription), up-regulation of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, intracellular trafficking, defense and stress response, as well as downregulation of photosynthesis was found in grazed seaweed. These findings indicate short-term temporal variation in defenses and that modified gene expression patterns arise at the same time when grazed seaweed pieces show reduced palatability. Several genes with putative defensive functions and cellular processes potentially involved in defence, such as reallocation of resources from primary to secondary metabolism, were revealed
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Herbivore-induced defence response in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae): temporal pattern and gene expression (2014)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  European Journal of Phycology, 49 (3). pp. 356-369.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: This study aimed to reveal the dynamics of inducible anti-herbivory traits in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, in response to grazing by the isopod Idotea baltica. As the molecular basis of defence induction in seaweeds is poorly understood, a transcriptomic approach was used to gain insight into cellular processes underlying defence induction and thus promote the mechanistic understanding of anti-herbivory responses in seaweeds. In a 27 day feeding-assayed induction experiment, temporal patterns of the induced anti-herbivory resistance of F. vesiculosus were assessed under laboratory conditions. Feeding assays were performed at three day intervals, using fresh and reconstituted food. Microarray hybridizations investigating the expression of genes 3 days before, as well as at the same time as, feeding assays revealed a decreased palatability of previously grazed F. vesiculosus pieces compared with non-grazed control pieces. Despite permanent exposure to grazers, F. vesiculosus palatability varied over time. Non-grazed F. vesiculosus pieces were significantly preferred to grazed pieces after 18 and again after 27 days of previous grazing, while their relative palatability for isopods was comparable at all other times during the experiment. Relative to controls, 562/402 genes were ≥ 1.5-fold up-/down-regulated in seaweed pieces that were grazed for 18 days, i.e. when induction of defences was detected in feeding assays. Massive reprogramming of the regulatory expression orchestra (translation, transcription) as well as up-regulation of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, intracellular trafficking, defence and stress response was found. At the same time, down-regulation of photosynthesis was observed in grazed seaweed pieces. This study suggests a high level of temporal variability in induced anti-herbivory traits of F. vesiculosus and reveals increased expression of genes with putative defensive functions in conjunction with the reallocation of resources from primary to secondary metabolism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2014.946452
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  • 7
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    Large scale patterns of antimicrofouling defenses in the hard coral Pocillopora verrucosa in an environmental gradient along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea (2014)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 9 (12). e106573.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Large scale patterns of ecologically relevant traits may help identify drivers of their variability and conditions beneficial or adverse to the expression of these traits. Antimicrofouling defenses in scleractinian corals regulate the establishment of the associated biofilm as well as the risks of infection. The Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast features a pronounced thermal and nutritional gradient including regions and seasons with potentially stressful conditions to corals. Assessing the patterns of antimicrofouling defenses across the Red Sea may hint at the susceptibility of corals to global change. We investigated microfouling pressure as well as the relative strength of 2 alternative antimicrofouling defenses (chemical antisettlement activity, mucus release) along the pronounced environmental gradient along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast in 2 successive years. Microfouling pressure was exceptionally low along most of the coast but sharply increased at the southernmost sites. Mucus release correlated with temperature. Chemical defense tended to anti-correlate with mucus release. As a result, the combined action of mucus release and chemical antimicrofouling defense seemed to warrant sufficient defense against microbes along the entire coast. In the future, however, we expect enhanced energetic strain on corals when warming and/or eutrophication lead to higher bacterial fouling pressure and a shift towards putatively more costly defense by mucus release
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106573
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  • 8
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    Sibling species or poecilogony in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger? (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 142 . pp. 937-947.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: In marine invertebrates multiple modes of development, or poecilogony, may occur in a single species. However, after close examination, many of such putative cases turned out to be sibling species. A case in point may be the cosmopolitan orbiniid polychaete Scoloplos armiger, which inhabits marine shallow sediments. In addition to the well-known direct, holobenthic development from egg cocoons, pelagic larvae have also been described. Our culture experiments revealed a spatially segregated source of the two developmental modes. All females of an intertidal population produced egg cocoons and no pelagic larvae. All but 2 out of 15 females of an adjacent subtidal population produced pelagic larvae and no egg cocoons. Based on these results we performed a molecular genetic analysis (RAPD-PCR) on three intertidal and four subtidal populations in the North Sea. Selected samples from all sites were analysed also by the AFLP method. We found significantly higher genetic diversity within subtidal than within intertidal populations. This is consistent with a wider dispersal by pelagic larvae and a smaller effective population size when development is holobenthic. Total genetic divergence is not related to distance but to the intertidal/subtidal division. We suggest that S. armiger actually represents two sibling species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-002-1007-2
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  • 9
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    Reproductive isolation between intertidal and subtidal Scoloplos armiger (Polychaeta, Orbiniidae) indicates sibling species in the North Sea (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 143 (3). pp. 511-517.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: Two distinct modes of development in the common polychaete Scoloplos armiger (O. F. Müller, 1776) occur in the North Sea region: holobenthic development in egg cocoons and pelagic larvae hatching from suspended eggs. In the northern Wadden Sea near the island of Sylt, we observed that egg cocoons are produced intertidally while pelagic larvae originate from the adjacent subtidal zone. A previous genetic comparison between these subtidal and intertidal populations revealed distinct gene pools, suggesting that reproductive differences are not phenotypic but heritable. In this study, crossbreeding experiments show that intertidal and subtidal populations are reproductively isolated. Couples with males and females from different habitats had no offspring. Production of egg cocoons is determined by female origin from the intertidal zone. Pelagic larvae occurred only in couples with subtidal females and subtidal males. Intertidal males have spermatozoa with heads twice as long as those from subtidal males and a significantly shorter flagellum. We suspect that deviating sperm morphology may cause the reproductive breakdown at the fertilization stage. Juveniles hatching from cocoons have shorter anal cirri compared to juveniles that metamorphosed from pelagic larvae. We conclude there to be two sympatric sibling species in S. armiger: 'type I' in intertidal areas, which have egg cocoons, no pelagic larvae, elongated sperm heads, shortened sperm flagella and anal cirri; and a subtidal 'type S', lacking egg cocoons but with pelagic larvae, short sperm heads, long sperm flagella and anal cirri.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-003-1112-x
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  • 10
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    The role of ecological divergence in speciation between intertidal and subtidal Scoloplos armiger (Polychaeta, Orbiniidae) (2004)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Sea Research, 51 (1). pp. 53-62.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: The model of ecological speciation implies that habitat differences may split a species by strong selection and rapid adaptation even under sympatric conditions. Recent studies on the polychaete Scoloplos armiger in the Wadden Sea, North Sea, indicate sibling species existing in sympatry: the intertidal 'Type I' with holobenthic development out of egg cocoons and the subtidal 'Type S' shedding pelagic larvae into the open water. In the current study, Type I and S are compared in habitat-related traits of reproductive timing and physiological response to hypoxia and sulphide. Spawnings of Type I and Type S recorded over six years overlap in spring and both appear to be triggered by rise in sea temperature above 5°C. Type S exhibits an additional autumn spawning (at water temperatures around 10 °C) which was unknown till now and is absent in Type I. High overall abundances of pelagic larvae in the Wadden Sea are shown. Since the pelagic dispersal mode has been neglected so far, reassessment of S. armiger population dynamics models is suggested. Tolerance against sulphide and hypoxia were both lower in Type S than in Type I. This correlates with a measured 5 to 10-fold lower sulphide concentration in the subtidal compared to the intertidal habitat. Physiological tolerance and divergence in developmental mode appear as traits which may have ultimately led to reproductive isolation between Type I and Type S. Their role in allopatric and sympatric speciation scenarios in S. armiger is discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2003.05.004
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