Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction to Social Networks -- 2. Data Collection -- 3. Visual Exploration -- 4. Node-Based Measures -- 5. Statistical Tests of Node-Based Measures -- 6. Searching for Substructures -- 7. Comparing Networks -- 8. Conclusions -- Glossary of Frequently Used Terms -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- I -- L -- M -- N -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Note: Intro -- Fish Cognition and Behavior -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Series Foreword -- List of Contributors -- 1 Fish Cognition and Behaviour -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contents of this book -- References -- 2 Learning of Foraging Skills by Fish -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some factors affecting the learning process -- 2.2.1 Reinforcement -- 2.2.2 Drive -- 2.2.3 Stimulus attractiveness -- 2.2.4 Exploration and sampling -- 2.2.5 Attention and simple association -- 2.2.6 Cognition -- 2.2.7 Memory systems and skill transfer -- 2.3 Patch use and probability matching -- 2.4 Performance -- 2.5 Tracking environmental variation -- 2.6 Competition -- 2.7 Learning and fish feeding: some applications -- 2.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Learned Defences and Counterdefences in Predator-Prey Interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The predator-prey sequence -- 3.2.1 Encounter -- 3.2.1.1 Avoiding dangerous habitats -- 3.2.1.2 Changing activity patterns -- 3.2.2 Detection -- 3.2.2.1 Crypsis -- 3.2.2.2 Sensory perception -- 3.2.3 Recognition -- 3.2.3.1 Associative learning -- 3.2.3.2 Learning specificity -- 3.2.3.3 Search images -- 3.2.3.4 Aposematism and mimicry -- 3.2.4 Approach -- 3.2.4.1 Pursuit deterrence -- 3.2.4.2 Gaining information about the predator -- 3.2.4.3 Social learning -- 3.2.4.4 Habituation -- 3.2.5 Evasion -- 3.2.5.1 Reactive distance and escape speed and trajectory -- 3.2.5.2 Survival benefits/capture success -- 3.3 Summary and discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Learning about Danger: Chemical Alarm Cues and Threat-Sensitive Assessment of Predation Risk by Fishes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemosensory cues as sources of information -- 4.2.1 Learning, innate responses and neophobia -- 4.2.2 Learned predator recognition through conditioning with alarm cues. , 4.3 Variable predation risk and flexible learning -- 4.3.1 Assessing risk in time -- 4.3.2 Sensory complementation and threat-sensitive learning -- 4.4 Generalisation of risk -- 4.4.1 Generalising of predator cues -- 4.4.2 Generalisation of non-predator cues -- 4.5 Predator recognition continuum hypothesis -- 4.5.1 Ecological selection for innate versus learned recognition of predators -- 4.5.2 Ecological selection for generalised learning -- 4.6 Retention: the forgotten component of learning -- 4.7 Conservation, management and learning -- 4.7.1 Conditioning predator recognition skills -- 4.7.2 Anthropogenic constraints -- 4.7.3 Field-based studies -- 4.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Learning and Mate Choice -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sexual imprinting -- 5.2.1 Does sexual imprinting promote sympatric speciation in fishes? -- 5.3 Learning after reaching maturity -- 5.4 Eavesdropping -- 5.4.1 Eavesdropping and mate choice -- 5.4.2 Benefits of eavesdropping -- 5.4.3 The audience effect -- 5.5 Mate-choice copying -- 5.5.1 Mate-choice copying - first experimental evidence and consequence -- 5.5.2 Mate-choice copying - evidence from the wild -- 5.5.3 Mate-choice copying when living in sympatry or allopatry -- 5.5.4 Mate-choice copying - the role of the early environment -- 5.5.5 Quality of the model fish -- 5.6 Social mate preferences overriding genetic preferences -- 5.6.1 Indications from guppies -- 5.6.2 Indications from sailfin mollies -- 5.7 Cultural evolution through mate-choice copying -- 5.8 Does mate-choice copying support the evolution of a novel male trait? -- 5.8.1 Theoretical approaches -- 5.8.2 Experimental approaches -- 5.9 Is mate-choice copying an adaptive mate-choice strategy? -- 5.9.1 Benefits of mate-choice copying -- 5.9.2 Costs of mate-choice copying -- 5.10 Outlook -- 5.11 Conclusions -- References. , 6 Aggressive Behaviour in Fish: Integrating Information about Contest Costs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Information about resource value -- 6.3 Information about contest costs -- 6.3.1 Assessing fighting ability -- 6.3.2 Information from past contests -- 6.3.2.1 Winner and loser effects -- 6.3.2.2 Individual recognition -- 6.3.2.3 Social eavesdropping -- 6.3.3 Integrating different types of cost-related information -- 6.4 Physiological mechanisms -- 6.5 Conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Personality Traits and Behaviour -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Observation and description of personality -- 7.2.1 Current terminology -- 7.2.1.1 Shyness-boldness -- 7.2.1.2 Coping styles -- 7.2.1.3 Behavioural syndromes -- 7.2.2 Objectivity -- 7.2.3 Labelling personality traits -- construct validity -- 7.2.4 Objective and subjective measurements of personality -- 7.2.5 Modern terminology and statistical approaches -- 7.3 Proximate causation -- 7.4 Ontogeny and experience -- 7.5 Is personality adaptive? -- 7.5.1 Frequency- and density-dependent selection -- 7.5.2 State-dependent models -- 7.6 Evolution -- 7.7 Wider implications -- 7.7.1 Fish production and reproduction -- 7.7.2 Personality and population dynamics -- 7.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Why keep track of location? -- 8.3 The use of learning and memory in orientation -- 8.4 Learning about landmarks -- 8.5 Compass orientation -- 8.6 Water movements -- 8.7 Inertial guidance and internal 'clocks' -- 8.8 Social cues -- 8.9 How flexible is orientation behaviour? -- 8.9.1 When to learn? -- 8.9.2 What to learn? -- 8.9.3 Spatial learning capacity -- 8.10 Salmon homing - a case study -- 8.11 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Social Recognition of Conspecifics. , 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recognition of familiars -- 9.2.1 Laboratory studies of familiarity -- 9.2.2 Mechanisms of familiarity recognition -- 9.2.3 Functions of associating with familiar fish -- 9.2.4 Familiarity in free-ranging fishes -- 9.2.5 Determinants of familiarity -- 9.3 Familiarity or kin recognition? -- 9.3.1 Kin recognition theory -- 9.3.2 Evidence for kin recognition from laboratory studies -- 9.3.3 Advantages of kin discrimination -- 9.3.4 Kin association in the wild -- 9.3.5 Explaining the discrepancies between laboratory and field -- 9.3.6 Kin avoidance -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Social Organisation and Information Transfer in Schooling Fish -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Collective motion -- 10.3 Emergent collective motion in the absence of external stimuli -- 10.4 Response to internal state and external stimuli: Information processing within schools -- 10.4.1 Collective response to predators -- 10.4.2 Mechanisms and feedback in information transfer -- 10.4.3 Information transfer during group foraging and migration -- 10.5 Informational status, leadership and collective decision-making in fish schools -- 10.6 The structure of fish schools and populations -- 10.7 Social networks and individual identities -- 10.8 Community structure in social networks -- 10.9 Conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Social Learning in Fishes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Antipredator behaviour -- 11.3 Migration and orientation -- 11.4 Foraging -- 11.5 Mate choice -- 11.6 Aggression -- 11.7 Trade-offs in reliance on social and asocial sources of information -- 11.8 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Cooperation and Cognition in Fishes -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Why study cooperation in fishes? -- 12.3 Cooperation and its categories -- 12.3.1 Category 1 - kin selection. , 12.3.1.1 Cognition and kin selection -- 12.3.1.2 Example of kin selected cooperation: Cooperative breeding -- 12.3.1.3 Example of kin selected cooperation: Conditional territory defence -- 12.3.2 Category 2 - reciprocity -- 12.3.2.1 Cognition and reciprocity -- 12.3.2.2 Example of reciprocity: Egg trading -- 12.3.2.3 Example of reciprocity: Predator inspection -- 12.3.2.4 Example of reciprocity: Interspecific cleaning behaviour -- 12.3.3 Category 3 - by-product mutualism -- 12.3.3.1 Cognition and by-product mutualism -- 12.3.3.2 Example of by-product mutualism: Cooperative foraging -- 12.3.4 Category 4 - trait group selection -- 12.3.4.1 Cognition and trait group selection -- 12.3.4.2 Example of trait group selected cooperation: Predator inspection -- 12.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Evidence for functional aspects of Machiavellian intelligence -- 13.2.1 Information gathering about relationships between other group members -- 13.2.2 Predator inspection -- 13.2.3 Group-living cichlids -- 13.2.4 Machiavellian intelligence in cleaning mutualisms -- 13.2.4.1 Categorisation and individual recognition of clients -- 13.2.4.2 Building up relationships between cleaners and resident clients -- 13.2.4.3 Use of tactile stimulation by cleaners to manipulate client decisions and reconcile after conflicts -- 13.2.4.4 Audience effects in response to image scoring and tactical deception -- 13.2.4.5 Punishment by males during pair inspections -- 13.3 Evidence for cognitive mechanisms in fishes -- 13.3.1 What cognitive abilities might cleaners need to deal with their clients? -- 13.3.2 Other cognitive mechanisms -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.4.1 Future avenues I: How Machiavellian is fish behaviour?. , 13.4.2 Future avenues II: Relating Machiavellian-type behaviour to brain size evolution.

Note: Intro -- Fish Cognition and Behavior -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- 1 Fish Cognition and Behaviour -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contents of this book -- 1.3 References -- 2 Learning of Foraging Skills by Fishes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some factors affecting the learning process -- 2.2.1 Reinforcement -- 2.2.2 Drive -- 2.2.3 Stimulus attractiveness -- 2.2.4 Exploration and sampling -- 2.2.5 Attention and simple association -- 2.2.6 Cognition -- 2.3 Patch use and probability matching -- 2.4 Performance -- 2.5 Tracking environmental variation -- 2.6 Competition -- 2.7 Learning and fish feeding: some applications -- 2.8 Conclusions -- 2.9 Acknowledgements -- 2.10 References -- 3 Learned Defences and Counterdefences in Predator-Prey Interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The predator-prey sequence -- 3.2.1 Avoidance -- 3.2.1.1 Avoiding dangerous habitats -- 3.2.1.2 Changing activity patterns -- 3.2.2 Detection -- 3.2.2.1 Crypsis -- 3.2.2.2 Sensory perception -- 3.2.3 Recognition -- 3.2.3.1 Associative learning -- 3.2.3.2 Learning specificity -- 3.2.3.3 Search images -- 3.2.3.4 Aposematism and mimicry -- 3.2.4 Approach -- 3.2.4.1 Pursuit deterrence -- 3.2.4.2 Gaining information about the predator -- 3.2.4.3 Social learning -- 3.2.4.4 Habituation -- 3.2.5 Evasion -- 3.2.5.1 Reactive distance and escape speed -- 3.2.5.2 Survival benefits -- 3.3 Summary and discussion -- 3.4 Acknowledgements -- 3.5 References -- 4 Learning About Danger: Chemical Alarm Cues and the Assessment of Predation Risk by Fishes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemical alarm cues and flexible responses -- 4.3 Temporal variability and the intensity of antipredator behaviour -- 4.4 Predator diet cues and risk assessment during predator inspection -- 4.5 Acquired predator recognition -- 4.6 Constraints on learning. , 4.7 Heterospecific responses -- 4.8 Conclusions -- 4.9 Acknowledgements -- 4.10 References -- 5 Learning and Mate Choice -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sexual imprinting -- 5.2.1 Sexual imprinting in fish species -- 5.2.2 Does sexual imprinting promote sympatric speciation in fishes? -- 5.3 Learning after reaching maturity -- 5.3.1 Learning when living in sympatry or allopatry -- 5.3.2 Learned recognition of colour morphs in mate choice -- 5.4 Eavesdropping -- 5.4.1 Eavesdropping and mate choice -- 5.4.2 The audience effect -- 5.4.3 Benefits of eavesdropping -- 5.5 Mate-choice copying -- 5.5.1 Mate-choice copying - first experimental evidence and consequence -- 5.5.2 Mate-choice copying - evidence from the wild -- 5.5.3 Copying mate rejection -- 5.5.4 The disruption hypothesis - an alternative explanation to mate-choice copying? -- 5.6 Social mate preferences overriding genetic preferences -- 5.6.1 Indications from guppies -- 5.6.2 Indications from sailfin mollies -- 5.7 Cultural evolution through mate-choice copying -- 5.8 Does mate-choice copying support the evolution of a novel male trait? -- 5.8.1 Female preference for swords -- 5.8.2 Theoretical approaches -- 5.8.3 Experimental approaches -- 5.9 Is mate-choice copying an adaptive mate-choice strategy? -- 5.9.1 Benefits of mate-choice copying -- 5.9.2 Costs of mate-choice copying -- 5.10 Outlook -- 5.11 Conclusions -- 5.12 Acknowledgements -- 5.13 References -- 6 Modulating Aggression Through Experience -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Winner and loser effects in fishes -- 6.2.1 Methodological concerns in detecting experience effects -- 6.2.2 Asymmetrical winner and loser effects -- 6.2.3 Interspecific variation in experience effects -- 6.2.4 Importance of experience effects in fighting decisions and outcomes -- 6.2.5 Experience and dominance hierarchies -- 6.3 Mechanisms of experience effects. , 6.3.1 Learning -- 6.3.2 Neuroendocrine correlates of fighting -- 6.4 Other types of experience -- 6.4.1 Individual recognition -- 6.4.2 Eavesdropping -- 6.4.3 Transitive inference -- 6.5 Integrating experience information -- 6.6 Conclusions and future directions -- 6.7 Acknowledgements -- 6.8 References -- 7 The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Why keep track of location? -- 7.3 The use of learning and memory in orientation -- 7.4 Learning about landmarks -- 7.5 Compass orientation -- 7.6 Water movements -- 7.7 Inertial guidance and internal 'clocks' -- 7.8 Social cues -- 7.9 How flexible is orientation behaviour? -- 7.9.1 When to learn? -- 7.9.2 What to learn? -- 7.9.3 Spatial learning capacity -- 7.10 Salmon homing - a case study -- 7.11 Conclusions -- 7.12 Acknowledgements -- 7.13 References -- 8 Learned Recognition of Conspecifics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Recognition of familiars and condition-dependency -- 8.2.1 Laboratory studies of familiarity -- 8.2.2 Mechanisms of familiarity recognition -- 8.2.3 Functions of associating with familiar fishes -- 8.2.4 Familiarity in free-ranging fishes -- 8.2.5 Determinants of familiarity -- 8.3 Familiarity or kin recognition? -- 8.3.1 Kin recognition theory -- 8.3.2 Evidence for kin recognition from laboratory studies -- 8.3.3 Advantages of kin recognition -- 8.3.4 Kin association in the wild -- 8.3.5 Explaining the discrepancies between laboratory and field -- 8.3.6 Kin avoidance -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 8.5 Acknowledgements -- 8.6 References -- 9 Social Organization and Information Transfer in Schooling Fishes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Integrated collective motion -- 9.3 Collective motion in the absence of external stimuli -- 9.4 Response to internal state and external stimuli: information processing within schools -- 9.4.1 Collective response to predators. , 9.4.2 Mechanisms and feedbacks in information transfer -- 9.4.3 Information transfer during group foraging and migration -- 9.5 Informational status, leadership and collective decision-making in fish schools -- 9.6 The structure of fish schools and populations -- 9.7 Social networks and individual identities -- 9.8 Community structure in social networks -- 9.9 Conclusions and future directions -- 9.10 Acknowledgements -- 9.11 References -- 10 Social Learning in Fishes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Anti-predator behaviour -- 10.3 Migration and orientation -- 10.4 Foraging -- 10.5 Mate choice -- 10.6 Aggression -- 10.7 Trade-offs in reliance on social and asocial sources of information among fishes -- 10.8 Conclusions -- 10.9 Acknowledgements -- 10.10 References -- 11 Cooperation and Cognition in Fishes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Why study cooperation in fishes? -- 11.3 Cooperation and its categories -- 11.3.1 Category 1 - Kin selection -- 11.3.1.1 Cognition and kin selection -- 11.3.1.2 Example of kin-selected cooperation:cooperative breeding -- 11.3.1.3 Example of kin-selected cooperation: conditional territory defence -- 11.3.2 Category 2 - Reciprocity -- 11.3.2.1 Cognition and reciprocity -- 11.3.2.2 Example of reciprocity: egg trading -- 11.3.2.3 Example of reciprocity: predator inspection -- 11.3.2.4 Example of reciprocity: interspecific cleaning behaviour -- 11.3.3 Category 3 - Byproduct mutualism -- 11.3.3.1 Cognition and byproduct mutualism -- 11.3.3.2 Example of by-product mutualism: cooperative foraging -- 11.3.4 Category 4 - Trait group selection -- 11.3.4.1 Cognition and trait-group selection -- 11.3.4.2 Example of trait-group selected cooperation: predator inspection -- 11.4 Conclusions -- 11.5 Acknowledgements -- 11.6 References -- 12 Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes -- 12.1 Introduction. , 12.2 Cognitive abilities of fishes that form the basis for Machiavellian intelligence -- 12.2.1 Individual recognition -- 12.2.2 Information gathering about relationships between other group members -- 12.2.3 Cooperation and cheating -- 12.2.4 Group-living cichlids -- 12.2.5 Machiavellian intelligence in cleaning mutualisms -- 12.2.5.1 Categorization and individual recognition of clients -- 12.2.5.2 Building up relationships between cleaners and resident clients -- 12.2.5.3 Use of tactile stimulation by cleaners to manipulate client decisions and reconcile after conflicts -- 12.2.5.4 Indirect reciprocity based on image-scoring and tactical deception -- 12.2.5.5 What cognitive abilities might cleaners need to deal with their clients? -- 12.3 Conclusions -- 12.3.1 Future avenues I: how Machiavellian is fish behaviour? -- 12.3.2 Future avenues II: relating Machiavellian-type behaviour to brain size evolution -- 12.3.3 Extending the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis to general social intelligence -- 12.4 Acknowledgements -- 12.5 References -- 13 Neural Mechanisms of Learning in Teleost Fishes -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Pioneering studies -- 13.3 Classical conditioning -- 13.3.1 Classical conditioning and teleost fish cerebellum -- 13.3.2 Trace classical conditioning and teleost telencephalic pallium -- 13.4 Emotional learning -- 13.4.1 Medial pallium and avoidance conditioning -- 13.4.2 Involvement of gold fish lateral pallium in trace avoidance conditioning -- 13.4.3 Teleost cerebellum and emotional conditioning -- 13.5 Spatial cognition -- 13.5.1 Cognitive mapping in teleost fishes -- 13.5.2 Teleost fish telencephalon and spatial cognition -- 13.5.3 Spatial learning and telencephalic pallium in actinopterygian fishes -- 13.5.4 Neural mechanisms for egocentric orientation -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 13.7 Acknowledgements -- 13.8 References. , 14 The Role of Fish Learning Skills in Fisheries and Aquaculture.

Note: Cover -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Section 1 Introduction to Animal Social Networks -- 1 General introduction -- Jens Krause, Richard James, Daniel W. Franks, and Darren P. Croft -- What is a social network and why is it important? -- Book structure and content -- 2 A networks primer -- Richard James -- Basics -- Measuring network structure -- Node-based measures of structure -- Network-level measures of structure -- Clusters or communities -- Model networks and network models -- Section 2 Patterns and Processes in Animal Social Networks -- 3 Assortment in social networks and the evolution of cooperation -- Darren P. Croft, Mathew Edenbrow, and Safi K. Darden -- Introduction to cooperation -- Theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation in structured populations -- Pathways to assortment by cooperation in social networks -- Non-random distribution of individuals in space and time -- Social structuring in the absence of spatial segregation -- Spatial and temporal assortment by simple behavioural rules -- Conditional cooperation -- Cooperation in social networks: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 4 Mating behaviour: sexual networks and sexual selection -- Grant C. McDonald and Tommaso Pizzari -- Introduction -- Sexual selection -- Sexual selection in structured populations -- The logic of sexual networks -- Intrasexual interactions and the measurement of sexual selection -- Precopulatory selection -- Postcopulatory selection -- Intersexual interactions, mating patterns, and the operation of selection -- Mating system ecology -- Individual network measures -- Sexual selection and sexual networks: conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 5 Quantifying diffusion in social networks: a Bayesian approach -- Glenna Nightingale, Neeltje J. Boogert, Kevin N. Laland, and Will Hoppitt. , Introduction to social transmission in groups of animals -- Network-based diffusion analysis -- Why do we need Bayesian network-based diffusion analysis? -- Simulated diffusion data -- Previous formulation of time of acquisition diffusion analysis -- Bayesian formulation of time of acquisition diffusion analysis -- Likelihood function for time of acquisition diffusion analysis -- Prior specification -- Generating posteriors using updating methods -- Model discrimination -- Results -- Posterior parameter estimates -- Markov chain Monte Carlo replication -- Model discrimination -- A Bayesian approach to quantifying diffusion on social networks: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 6 Personality and social network analysis in animals -- Alexander D. M. Wilson and Jens Krause -- Introduction to personality and social network analysis in animals -- Network consistency and 'keystone' individuals -- Fitness consequences of network positions -- Networks and behavioural types -- Networks and personality from a developmental perspective -- Personality and social network analysis in animals: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 7 Temporal changes in dominance networks and other behaviour sequences -- David B. McDonald and Michael E. Dillon -- Introduction to the analysis of temporal changes in networks -- Network formulation and triad census approach -- Ranking algorithms -- R scripts for analysing dominance data -- Differences among ranking algorithms -- Effect of contest order on Elo ranking -- Comparing contest and outcome adjacency matrices over time -- Analysing the contest matrix by quartiles -- Analysing the outcome matrix by quartiles -- Experimental and modelling approaches: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 8 Group movement and animal social networks. , Nikolai W. F. Bode, A. Jamie Wood, and Daniel W. Franks -- Introduction to group movement and animal social networks -- Population level -- Group level -- Individual level -- Group movement and animal social networks: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 9 Communication and social networks -- Peter K. McGregor and Andrew G. Horn -- Introduction to communication and social networks -- Communication and network approaches -- Signals, information, and communication -- Information exchange and communication networks -- Receiver diversity and communication in networks -- Empirical successes of the communication network approach -- Eavesdropping -- Audience effects -- Alarm call spread -- Linking communication networks to social networks -- Signals as methodological tools for studying social networks -- Mapping communication networks as social networks -- Communication networks and information flow -- Communication and social networks: conclusions and future directions -- 10 Disease transmission in animal social networks -- Julian A. Drewe and Sarah E. Perkins -- Introduction to disease transmission networks -- The use of animal social networks to study infectious disease transmission -- Networks and disease management -- Collecting social network data to study disease transmission -- How many host-parasite associations should be included in a transmission network? -- Sampling considerations and the boundary effect -- Weighted or unweighted networks: capturing transmission processes? -- Choice of time interval for constructing parasite transmission networks -- Data analysis: which network measures are relevant to disease transmission? -- Network centrality and disease transmission -- Relationships between network measures and host attributes -- Disease transmission network dynamics. , Host and parasite-driven parameters in transmission networks -- Effects of infection on networks -- Disease transmission in animal social networks: conclusions and future directions -- 11 Social networks and animal welfare -- Brianne A. Beisner and Brenda McCowan -- Introduction to the use of social network analysis in animal welfare -- Physical health in animal social networks -- Disease transmission in animal networks -- Psychological and social health in animal networks -- Social aggression in animal social networks -- Social stress and health in animal social networks -- Social network analysis in animal welfare: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- Section 3 Taxonomic Overviews of Animal Social Networks -- 12 Primate social networks -- Sally Macdonald and Bernhard Voelkl -- Introduction to social network analysis in primatology -- Why is social network analysis useful for primatologists? -- A brief history of social network analysis in primatology -- Levels of primate social network analysis -- Primate social network analysis at the individual level -- Primate social network analysis at the subgroup level -- Primate social network analysis at the group level -- Potential pitfalls and limitations in primate social networks -- Group size in primate networks -- Observation frequency in primate social networks -- Specificity in primate social networks -- Intraspecific variability in primate social networks -- Social network analysis in primatology: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 13 Oceanic societies: studying cetaceans with a social networks approach -- Shane Gero and Luke Rendell -- Introduction to network analysis of cetacean societies -- Oceanic social networks -- Studying cetaceans using a social network approach -- Identifying individuals in cetacean social networks. , Interactions between individuals in cetacean social networks -- Contributions from studies on cetaceans -- Methodological advances in studying cetacean social networks -- Cetacean networks and management: resilience and survival -- Social roles and decision making in cetacean social networks -- Drivers of network structure in cetacean societies -- Cultural transmission and cetacean social networks -- Social networks and communication networks among cetaceans -- Current challenges and avenues for inquiry concerning cetacean social networks -- Linking cetacean social networks with vocal complexity -- Cetacean social network analysis: beyond associations -- Collective motion and decision making in cetacean societies -- Network analysis of cetacean societies: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 14 The network approach in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs -- Jens Krause, Darren P. Croft, and Alexander D. M. Wilson -- Introduction to networks in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs -- Population structure of teleost fishes and elasmobranchs -- Techniques for identifying individuals in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs -- Guppies and sticklebacks-a case study -- Outlook for population applications of social network studies -- Familiarity and site fidelity in teleost fish and elasmobranchs -- Cooperation in teleost fishes -- Fish cognition and social learning -- Collective behaviour and social networks in teleost fishes -- Application of social network analysis to welfare in teleost fishes -- Network analysis of teleost fishes and elasmobranchs: conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- 15 Social networks in insect colonies -- Dhruba Naug -- Introduction -- Social interactions and their proximate basis -- Structure of the colony interaction network -- Function of the colony interaction network. , Information collection and transfer.

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