Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Mathematical population biology -- Population dynamics and demography -- Some mathematical problems in population genetics -- Evolution: game theory and economics -- Optimal control and principles in population management -- Graph theory, homology and food webs.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- PART I USING EXPERIMENTAL REMOVALS OF SPECIES TO REVEAL THE CONSEQUENCES OF BIODIVERSITY DEPLETION -- 1. Native Thistles: Expendable or Integral to Ecosystem Resistance to Invasion? -- 2. The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining the Outcome of Species-Deletion Experiments -- 3. Species Importance and Context: Spatial and Temporal Variation in Species Interactions -- 4. Effects of Removing a Vertebrate versus an Invertebrate Predator on a Food Web, and What Is Their Relative Importance? -- 5. Understanding the Effects of Reduced Biodiversity: A Comparison of Two Approaches -- PART II THE ANTHROPOGENIC PERSPECTIVE -- 6. Models of Ecosystem Reliability and Their Implications for the Question of Expendability -- 7. Predicting the Effects of Species Loss on Community Stability -- 8. One Fish, Two Fish, Old Fish, New Fish: Which Invasions Matter? -- 9. Ecological Gambling: Expendable Extinctions Versus Acceptable Invasions -- 10. Rarity and Functional Importance in a Phytoplankton Community -- 11. Community and Ecosystem Impacts of Single-Species Extinctions -- PART III LINKAGES AND EXTERNALITIES -- 12. Social Conflict, Biological Ignorance, and Trying to Agree Which Species Are Expendable -- 13. Which Mutualists Are Most Essential? Buffering of Plant Reproduction against the Extinction of Pollinators -- 14. The Expendability of Species: A Test Case Based on the Caterpillars on Goldenrods -- 15. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Importance of Species: Why Ecologists Care about Evolution -- 16. Recovering Species of Conservation Concern-Are Populations Expendable? -- 17. Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant? -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Volume 1 -- Front Cover -- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIODIVERSITY -- DEDICATION -- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF BIOGRAPHY -- SECTION EDITORS LIST -- CONTENTS -- CONTENTS OF ALL VOLUMES -- SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION -- CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 1 -- CONTRIBUTORS -- FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA -- A -- A: Acid and Mercury Deposition Effects on Forest and Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystems -- Adaptation -- Adaptive Radiation -- Aesthetic Factors -- Africa, Ecosystems of -- African and Asian Savannas -- Agricultural Invasions -- Agriculture, Industrialized -- Agriculture, Nutrient Management, and Water Quality -- Agriculture, Sustainable -- Agriculture, Traditional -- Agrobiodiversity -- Air Pollution -- Alpine Ecosystems -- Amazon Ecosystems -- Amphibians, Biodiversity of -- Antarctic Ecosystems -- Aquaculture -- Arachnids -- Archaea, Origin of -- Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Arthropods (Terrestrial), Amazonian -- Asia, Ecosystems of -- Atmospheric Gases -- Australia, Biodiversity of Ecosystems -- B -- Bacterial Biodiversity -- Bacterial Genetics -- Beetles -- Biodiversity and Cultural Ecosystem Services -- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services -- Biodiversity and Human Health -- Biodiversity and Pest Control Services -- Biodiversity as a Commodity -- Biodiversity, Definition of -- Biodiversity, Evolution and -- Biodiversity-Friendly Farming -- Biodiversity Generation, Overview -- Biodiversity, Human Well-Being, and Markets -- Biodiversity Informatics -- Biodiversity in Logged and Managed Forests -- Biodiversity in Plant Breeding -- Biodiversity of Harmful Marine Algae -- Biodiversity of the Succulent Karoo -- Biodiversity, Origin of -- Biodiversity-Rich Countries -- Biodiversity State and Trends in Southeast Asia -- Biofuels and Biodiversity: The Implications of Energy Sprawl. , Biofuels and Biodiversity, Wildlife Habitat Restoration -- Biogeochemical Cycles -- Biogeographical Models -- Biogeography, Overview -- Bioprospecting -- Birds, Biodiversity of -- Boreal Forest Ecosystems -- Breeding of Animals -- Butterflies -- C -- C: Captive Breeding and Reintroduction -- Captive Breeding and the Evolutionarily Significant Unit -- Carbon Cycle -- Carnivores -- Carrying Capacity, Concept of -- Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, Ecological Role of -- Volume 2 -- Front Cover -- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIODIVERSITY -- DEDICATION -- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF BIOGRAPHY -- SECTION EDITORS LIST -- CONTENTS -- SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION -- CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 2 -- FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA -- C -- Census of Marine Life -- Central America, Ecosystems of -- Cladistics -- Cladogenesis -- Climate Change and Ecology, Synergism of -- Climate Change and Extinctions -- Climate Change and Wild Species -- Climate Change: Anticipating and Adapting to the Impacts on Terrestrial Species -- Climate, Effects of -- Coastal Beach Ecosystems -- Coevolution -- Commons, Concept and Theory of -- Commons, Institutional Diversity of -- Comparing Extinction Rates: Past, Present, and Future -- Competition, Interspecific -- Complementarity -- Complexity Versus Diversity -- Computer Systems and Models, Use of -- Conservation and People -- Conservation and the World's Poorest of the Poor -- Conservation Biology, Discipline of -- Conservation Efforts, Contemporary -- Conservation Genetics -- Conservation Movement, Historical -- Conserving Biodiversity Outside Protected Areas -- Convention on Biological Diversity -- Cooperation, Evolution of -- Corals and Coral Reefs -- Countryside Biogeography -- C4 Plants -- Crop Mixtures and the Mechanisms of Overyielding -- Crustaceans -- D. , Darwin, Charles (Darwinism) -- Defenses, Ecology of -- Defining, Measuring, and Partitioning Species Diversity -- Deforestation and Land Clearing -- Desert Ecosystems -- Desertification -- Development by Design: Using a Revisionist History to Guide a Sustainable Future -- Differentiation -- Dinosaurs, Extinction Theories for -- Diseases, Conservation and -- Dispersal Biogeography -- Disturbance, Mechanisms of -- Disturbance Regimes and the Historical Range of Variation in Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Diversity and Conservation of Neotropical Mammals -- Diversity, Community/Regional Level -- Diversity, Ecology, and Biogeochemical Influence of N2-Fixing Microorganisms in the Sea -- Diversity, Molecular Level -- Diversity, Organism Level -- Diversity, Taxonomic versus Functional -- Domestication of Crop Plants -- Dormancy and Diapause -- Dynamic Global Vegetation Models -- E -- Ecogenomic Sensors -- Ecological Footprint, Concept of -- Ecological Genetics -- Volume 3 -- Front Cover -- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIODIVERSITY -- DEDICATION -- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF BIOGRAPHY -- SECTION EDITORS LIST -- CONTENTS -- SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION -- CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 3 -- FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA -- E -- Ecology, Concept and Theories in -- Ecology of Agriculture -- Economic Control of Invasive Species -- Economic Growth and the Environment -- Economics of Agrobiodiversity -- Economics of the Regulating Services -- Economic Value of Biodiversity, Measurements of -- Ecosystem, Concept of -- Ecosystem Function Measurement, Aquatic and Marine Communities -- Ecosystem Function Measurement, Terrestrial Communities -- Ecosystem Function, Principles of -- Ecosystem Services -- Ecosystems of South America -- Ecotoxicology -- Edible Plants -- Education and Biodiversity. , Effects of Ecotones on Biodiversity -- Elevational Trends in Biodiversity -- El Niño and Biodiversity -- Endangered Amphibians -- Endangered Ecosystems -- Endangered Freshwater Invertebrates -- Endangered Mammals -- Endangered Marine Invertebrates -- Endangered Plants -- Endangered Reptiles -- Endangered Terrestrial Invertebrates -- Endemism -- Energy Flow and Ecosystems -- Energy Use, Human -- Environmental Ethics -- Environmental Impact, Concept and Measurement of -- Estuarine Ecosystems -- Ethical Issues in Biodiversity Protection -- Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology -- Eukaryotes, Origin of -- Europe, Ecosystems of -- Eutrophication and Oligotrophication -- Evaluation of Ecosystem Service Policies from Biophysical and Social Perspectives: The Case of China -- Evolution in Response to Climate Change -- Evolution, Theory of -- Extinction, Causes of -- Extinction in the Fossil Record -- F -- Feeding the World and Protecting Biodiversity -- Fires, Ecological Effects of -- Fishes, Biodiversity of -- Fish Stocks -- Flies, Gnats, and Mosquitoes -- Food Webs -- Forest Canopies, Animal Diversity -- Forest Canopies, Plant Diversity -- Forest Ecology -- Fossil Record -- Framework for Assessment and Monitoring of Biodiversity -- Freshwater Ecosystems -- Freshwater Ecosystems, Human Impact on -- Functional Diversity -- Functional Diversity Measures -- Functional Groups -- Fungi -- G -- Gene Banks -- Genes, Description of -- Genetic Diversity -- Geologic Time, History of Biodiversity in -- Global Declines of Amphibians -- Globalization Effects on Common Plant Species -- Global Species Richness -- Government Legislation and Regulations in the United States -- Grasshoppers and their Relatives -- Volume 4 -- Front Cover -- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIODIVERSITY -- DEDICATION -- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF BIOGRAPHY -- SECTION EDITORS LIST -- CONTENTS -- SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION. , CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 4 -- FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA -- G -- Grassland Ecosystems -- Grazing, Effects of -- Greenhouse Effect -- Guilds -- H -- Habitat and Niche, Concept of -- Habitat Loss and Fragmentation -- Habitat Selection -- Hemiparasitism -- Herbaceous Vegetation, Species Richness in -- Herbicides -- High-Elevation Andean Ecosystems -- High-Temperature Ecosystems -- Historical Awareness of Biodiversity -- Hotspots -- Human Impact on Biodiversity, Overview -- Human Impacts on Ecosystems: An Overview -- Hunter-Gatherer Societies, Ecological Impact of -- Hybridization in Plants -- Hymenoptera -- I -- Identifying Conservation Priorities using a Return on Investment Analysis -- Impact of Ecological Restoration on Ecosystem Services -- Impact of Extreme and Infrequent Events on Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity -- Impact of Past Global Warming on Biodiversity -- Implications of Urbanization for Conservation and Biodiversity Protection -- Inbreeding and Outbreeding -- Indicator Species -- Indicator Species: Computation -- Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity -- Indigenous Strategies Used to Domesticate Plants in Brazilian Amazon -- Indirect Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Biofuels -- Insecticide Resistance -- Insects, Overview -- In Situ, Ex Situ Conservation -- International Organizations and Biodiversity -- Intertidal Ecosystems -- Introduced Plants, Negative Effects of -- Introduced Species, Impacts and Distribution of -- Invertebrates, Freshwater, Overview -- Invertebrates, Marine, Overview -- Invertebrates, Terrestrial, Overview -- Island Biogeography -- Isoptera -- J -- Justice, Equity and Biodiversity -- K -- Keystone Species -- L -- Lake and Pond Ecosystems -- Landscape Corridors -- Landscape Diversity. , Landscape Ecology and Population Dynamics.

Note: Intro -- The Princeton Guide to Ecology -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part I Autecology -- I.1 Ecological Niche -- I.2 Physiological Ecology: Animals -- I.3 Physiological Ecology: Plants -- I.4 Functional Morphology: Muscles, Elastic Mechanisms, and Animal Performance -- I.5 Habitat Selection -- I.6 Dispersal -- I.7 Foraging Behavior -- I.8 Social Behavior -- I.9 Phenotypic Plasticity -- I.10 Life History -- I.11 Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems -- I.12 Geographic Range -- I.13 Adaptation -- I.14 Phenotypic Selection -- I.15 Population Genetics and Ecology -- I.16 Phylogenetics and Comparative Methods -- I.17 Microevolution -- I.18 Ecological Speciation: Natural Selection and the Formation of New Species -- I.19 Adaptive Radiation -- Part II Population Ecology -- II.1 Age-Structured and Stage-Structured Population Dynamics -- II.2 Density Dependence and Single-Species Population Dynamics -- II.3 Biological Chaos and Complex Dynamics -- II.4 Metapopulations and Spatial Population Processes -- II.5 Competition and Coexistence in Plant Communities -- II.6 Competition and Coexistence in Animal Communities -- II.7 Predator-Prey Interactions -- II.8 Host-Parasitoid Interactions -- II.9 Ecological Epidemiology -- II.10 Interactions between Plants and Herbivores -- II.11 Mutualism and Symbiosis -- II.12 Ecology of Microbial Populations -- II.13 Coevolution -- Part III Communities and Ecosystems -- III.1 Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, and Measurement -- III.2 Competition, Neutrality, and Community Organization -- III.3 Predation and Community Organization -- III.4 Facilitation and the Organization of Plant Communities -- III.5 Indirect Effects in Communities and Ecosystems: The Role of Trophic and Nontrophic Interactions -- III.6 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Regulation of Communities. , III.7 The Structure and Stability of Food Webs -- III.8 Spatial and Metacommunity Dynamics in Biodiversity -- III.9 Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Flows: Patterns across Ecosystems -- III.10 Nutrient Cycling and Biogeochemistry -- III.11 Terrestrial Carbon and Biogeochemical Cycles -- III.12 Freshwater Carbon and Biogeochemical Cycles -- III.13 The Marine Carbon Cycle -- III.14 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning -- III.15 Ecological Stoichiometry -- III.16 Macroecological Perspectives on Communities and Ecosystems -- III.17 Alternative Stable States and Regime Shifts in Ecosystems -- III.18 Responses of Communities and Ecosystems to Global Changes -- III.19 Evolution of Communities and Ecosystems -- Part IV Landscapes and the Biosphere -- IV.1 Landscape Dynamics -- IV.2 Landscape Pattern and Biodiversity -- IV.3 Ecological Dynamics in Fragmented Landscapes -- IV.4 Biodiversity Patterns in Managed and Natural Landscapes -- IV.5 Boundary Dynamics in Landscapes -- IV.6 Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Terrestrial Environments -- IV.7 Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in Landscapes -- IV.8 Seascape Patterns and Dynamics of Coral Reefs -- IV.9 Seascape Microbial Ecology: Habitat Structure, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Function -- IV.10 Spatial Dynamics of Marine Fisheries -- Part V Conservation Biology -- V.1 Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions -- V.2 Population Viability Analysis -- V.3 Principles of Reserve Design -- V.4 Building and Implementing Systems of Conservation Areas -- V.5 Marine Conservation -- V.6 Conservation and Global Climate Change -- V.7 Restoration Ecology -- Part VI Ecosystem Services -- VI.1 Ecosystem Services: Issues of Scale and Trade-Offs -- VI.2 Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Ecosystem Services -- VI.3 Beyond Biodiversity: Other Aspects of Ecological Organization. , VI.4 Human-Dominated Systems: Agroecosystems -- VI.5 Forests -- VI.6 Grasslands -- VI.7 Marine Ecosystem Services -- VI.8 Provisioning Services: A Focus on Fresh Water -- VI.9 Regulating Services: A Focus on Disease Regulation -- VI.10 Support Services: A Focus on Genetic Diversity -- VI.11 The Economics of Ecosystem Services -- VI.12 Technological Substitution and Augmentation of Ecosystem Services -- VI.13 Conservation of Ecosystem Services -- Part VII Managing the Biosphere -- VII.1 Biological Control: Theory and Practice -- VII.2 Fisheries Management -- VII.3 Wildlife Management -- VII.4 Managing the Global Water System -- VII.5 Managing Nutrient Mobilization and Eutrophication -- VII.6 Managing Infectious Diseases -- VII.7 Agriculture, Land Use, and the Transformation of Planet Earth -- VII.8 The Ecology, Economics, and Management of Alien Invasive Species -- VII.9 Ecological Economics: Principles of Economic Policy Design for Ecosystem Management -- VII.10 Governance and Institutions -- VII.11 Assessments: Linking Ecology to Policy -- Milestones in Ecology -- Glossary -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- I. From Individuals to Populations -- II . Population Dynamics and Species Interactions -- III . Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Scale and Coupling in Ecological Systems -- V. Structure and Assembly of Communities -- VI. Ecosystem Structure and Function -- VII. Ecology and Resource Management -- VIII. Ecology of Pests and Pathogens.