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  • 1
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    Enhanced seasonal CO_2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems, link to model results (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Forkel, Matthias; Carvalhais, Nuno; Rödenbeck, Christian; Keeling, Ralph F; Heimann, Martin; Thonicke, Kirsten; Zaehle, Sönke; Reichstein, Markus (2016): Enhanced seasonal CO_2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems. Science, 6274, 696-699, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4971
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Atmospheric monitoring of high northern latitudes (〉 40°N) has shown an enhanced seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) since the 1960s but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The much stronger increase in high latitudes compared to low ones suggests that northern ecosystems are experiencing large changes in vegetation and carbon cycle dynamics. Here we show that the latitudinal gradient of the increasing CO2 amplitude is mainly driven by positive trends in photosynthetic carbon uptake caused by recent climate change and mediated by changing vegetation cover in northern ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of climate-vegetation-carbon cycle feedbacks at high latitudes, and indicate that during the last decades photosynthetic carbon uptake has reacted much more strongly to warming than carbon release processes.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1.7 GBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V3 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bakker, Dorothee C E; Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S; Metzl, Nicolas; O'Brien, Kevin M; Olsen, Are; Smith, Karl; Cosca, Catherine E; Harasawa, Sumiko; Jones, Steve D; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Schuster, Ute; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Alin, Simone R; Balestrini, Carlos F; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicolas R; Bianchi, Alejandro A; Bonou, Frédéric Kpédonou; Boutin, Jacqueline; Bozec, Yann; Burger, Eugene; Cai, Wei-Jun; Castle, Robert D; Chen, Liqi; Chierici, Melissa; Currie, Kim I; Evans, Wiley; Featherstone, Charles; Feely, Richard A; Fransson, Agneta; Goyet, Catherine; Greenwood, Naomi; Gregor, Luke; Hankin, Steven; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Harlay, Jérôme; Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario; Humphreys, Matthew P; Hunt, Christopher W; Huss, Betty; Ibánhez, J Severino P; Johannessen, Truls; Keeling, Ralph F; Kitidis, Vassilis; Körtzinger, Arne; Kozyr, Alexander; Krasakopoulou, Evangelia; Kuwata, Akira; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T; Merlivat, Liliane; Millero, Frank J; Monteiro, Pedro M S; Munro, David R; Murata, Akihiko; Newberger, Timothy; Omar, Abdirahman M; Ono, Tsuneo; Paterson, Kristina; Pearce, David J; Pierrot, Denis; Robbins, Lisa L; Saito, Shu; Salisbury, Joe; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schweitzer, Roland; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sullivan, Kevin; Sutherland, Stewart C; Sutton, Adrienne; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Telszewski, Maciej; Tuma, Matthias; van Heuven, Steven; Vandemark, Doug; Ward, Brian; Watson, Andrew J; Xu, Suqing (2016): A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 383-413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.5 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.4 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This living data publication documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new version of the SOCAT data collection compared with previous publications of this data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3657 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial–interglacial CO 2 variations (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ice-core measurements indicate that atmospheric CO2 concentrations during glacial periods were consistently about 80 parts per million lower than during interglacial periods. Previous explanations for this observation have typically had difficulty accounting for either the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35004556
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global and hemispheric CO 2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O 2 concentration (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 218-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We focus on time series from Alert (82.5° N), La Jolla (32.9° N) and Cape Grim (40.7° S), as shown in Fig. 1. The data reveal seasonal cycles, interannual trends, and gradients with latitude. We express changes in O2/N2 relative to a reference according to〈5(02/N2) = ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381218a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palaeoceanography Antarctic stratification and glacial CO 2 (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 605-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One way of accounting for lowered atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during Pleistocene glacial periods is by invoking the Antarctic stratification hypothesis, which links the reduction in CO2 to greater stratification of ocean surface waters around Antarctica. As discussed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35088129
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE O2 BALANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE: A Tool for Studying the Fate of Fossil-Fuel CO2 (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 23 (1998), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Carbon dioxide is a radiatively active gas whose atmospheric concentration increase is likely to affect Earth's climate. CO2 is added to the atmosphere by biomass burning and the combustion of fossil fuels. Some added CO2 remains in the atmosphere. However, substantial amounts are taken up by the oceans and land biosphere, attenuating the atmospheric increase. Atmospheric O2 measurements provide one constraint for partitioning uptake rates between the ocean and the land biosphere. Here we review studies of atmospheric O2 concentration variations and discuss their implications for CO2 uptake by the ocean and the land biosphere. We compare estimates of anthropogenic carbon fluxes from O2 studies with estimates from other approaches and examine the contribution of natural ocean carbon fluxes to atmospheric O2 variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy carbon dioxide (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 399-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE isotopes of oxygen in atmospheric carbon dioxide have long suffered from neglect - as one veteran of the business has put it, "figuring out the carbon iso-topes was enough work without having to bother about the oxygen isotopes as well". Well, people are finally starting to bother. And as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363399a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 358 (1992), S. 723-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Measurements of changes in atmospheric molecular oxygen using a new interferometric technique show that the O2 content of air varies seasonally in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and is decreasing from year to year. The seasonal variations provide a new basis for estimating ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/358723a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring correlations between atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide mole fractions: A preliminary study in urban air (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 7 (1988), S. 153-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Atmospheric oxygen ; atmospheric carbon dioxide ; carbon cycle ; urban air ; interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract On 25 and 26 October 1986 the air in Cambridge, Massachusetts was monitored for O2 and CO2 mole fraction. O2 concentrations were detected from changes in the relative refractivity of dried air between two lines of 198Hg at 2537.269 and 4359.562 Å using dual-wavelength interferometry. Changes in oxygen mole fraction were resolved with two-minute time resolution to a precision of ±2.0 ppm. Changes in O2 were shown to be strongly anticorrelated with changes in CO2 as expected for combustion processes. The demonstrated instrumental capabilities are appropriate for measuring changes in O2 mole fraction in background air which could be of importance to a broad range of biogeochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048044
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  • 10
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    Global Carbon Budget 2018 (2018)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Earth System Science Data, 10 (4). pp. 2141-2194.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use and land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2008–2017), EFF was 9.4±0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.7±0.02 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.4±0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.2±0.8 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.5 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2017 alone, the growth in EFF was about 1.6 % and emissions increased to 9.9±0.5 GtC yr−1. Also for 2017, ELUC was 1.4±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM was 4.6±0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.8±0.8 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 405.0±0.1 ppm averaged over 2017. For 2018, preliminary data for the first 6–9 months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.7 % (range of 1.8 % to 3.7 %) based on national emission projections for China, the US, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. The analysis presented here shows that the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period of 1959–2017, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations show (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land-use change emissions, (2) a persistent low agreement among the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models, originating outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2018, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013)
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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