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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2019)
    Cham : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Endangered ecosystems ; Aquatic biology ; Biodiversity ; Applied Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Aquatic ecology . ; Climate change. ; Biotic communities ; Ecology ; Ecology ; Forecasting ; Ecosystem health ; Environmental monitoring ; Marine ecology ; Arctic Ocean ; Kings Bay ; Arctic Regions
    Description / Table of Contents: Editoria: 1. The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard -- PART I: Atmospheric conditions. 2. The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund - Climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation -- PART II: Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime. 3. The Kongsfjorden Transect: seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography -- 4. Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) -- 5. Underwater light regime in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications -- PART III: Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton. 6. Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf -- 7. Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change -- PART IV: Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna. 8. Living on cold substrata – new approaches to study microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden -- 9. Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden -- 10. Kelp and environmental changes in the Kongsfjorden: Stress perception and responses -- 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard -- PART V: Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard -- 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard -- PART VI: Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic. 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic: knowns, unknowns and research priorities
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 562 p. 170 illus., 139 illus. in color)
    ISBN: 9783319464251
    Series Statement: Advances in Polar ecology 2
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. (2019)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Details
    Keywords: Ecosystem management. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (565 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319464251
    Series Statement: Advances in Polar Ecology Series ; v.2
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5795907
    DDC: 333.95
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Dykkerobservasjoner ved Arendal og Risør under algeoppblomstringen i Mai 1988 (1988)
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 17 S
    Series Statement: Flödevigen meldinger 1988,2
    Language: Norwegian
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 21 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Kongsfjorden is a glacial fjord in the Arctic (Svalbard) that is influenced by both Atlantic and Arctic water masses and harbours a mixture of boreal and Arctic flora and fauna. Inputs from large tidal glaciers create steep environmental gradients in sedimentation and salinity along the length of this fjord. The glacial inputs cause reduced biomass and diversity in the benthic community in the inner fjord. Zooplankton suffers direct mortality from the glacial outflow and primary production is reduced because of limited light levels in the turbid, mixed inner waters. The magnitude of the glacial effects diminishes towards the outer fjord. Kongsfjorden is an important feeding ground for marine mammals and seabirds. Even though the fjord contains some boreal fauna, the prey consumed by upper trophic levels is mainly Arctic organisms. Marine mammals constitute the largest top-predator biomass, but seabirds have the largest energy intake and also export nutrients and energy out of the marine environment. Kongsfjorden has received a lot of research attention in the recent past. The current interest in the fjord is primarily based on the fact that Kongsfjorden is particularly suitable as a site for exploring the impacts of possible climate changes, with Atlantic water influx and melting of tidal glaciers both being linked to climate variability. The pelagic ecosystem is likely to be most sensitive to the Atlantic versus Arctic influence, whereas the benthic ecosystem is more affected by long-term changes in hydrography as well as changes in glacial runoff and sedimentation. Kongsfjorden will be an important Arctic monitoring site over the coming decades and a review of the current knowledge, and a gap analysis, are therefore warranted. Important knowledge gaps include a lack of quantitative data on production, abundance of key prey species, and the role of advection on the biological communities in the fjord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2002.tb00073.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids and trophic interactions of ice fauna and pelagic zooplankton in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 21 (1999), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gammarus wilkitzkii, Apherusa glacialis, Onismus nanseni, Onismus glacialis, Boreogadus saida, Parathemisto libellula and Calanus hyperboreus, collected in late June in the Barents Sea marginal ice zone, contained substantial levels (28–51% of the dry mass) of total lipid, the highest levels (51% and 41% respectively) being in  A. glacialis and  C. hyperboreus. Neutral lipids were present in greater amounts than polar lipids in all species. Triacylglycerols were major neutral lipids in A. glacialis, G. wilkitzkii and O. nanseni; triacylglycerols and wax esters were present in similar amounts in O. glacialis; higher levels of wax esters than triacylglycerols occurred in P. libellula; wax esters greatly exceeded triacylglycerols in C. hyperboreus, the opposite being true for B. saida. Diatom fatty acid markers were prominent in the triacylglycerols of G. wilkitzkii, O. nanseni, O. glacialis and, particularly, of  A. glacialis; 20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11) moieties were abundant in wax esters of G. wilkitzkii, O. nanseni, O. glacialis, P. libellula and  C. hyperboreus, and in triacylglycerols of B. saida. We deduce that  A. glacialis feeds mainly on ice algae and phytodetritus, G. wilkitzkii and the Onismus spp. feed on calanoid copepods as well as ice algae, whereas P. libellula and especially B. saida feed extensively on calanoid copepods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050335
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ice amphipod distribution relative to ice density and under-ice topography in the northern Barents Sea (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic ice amphipods are part of the sympagic macrofauna in the Marginal Ice Zone of the northern Barents Sea and represent an important link from lower to higher trophic levels in some Arctic marine food chains. The species diversity in this area (1995/1996) consisted of four species: Gammarus wilkitzkii, Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus nanseni and Onisimus glacialis. The larger ice amphipod, G. wilkitzkii, was the most abundant with the highest biomass (〉90%), whereas A. glacialis was abundant, but contributed little to the total biomass (〈4%). The other two species were found only in small numbers. Both abundance and biomass of ice amphipods decreased along a latitudinal gradient from north to south across the Marginal Ice Zone. Their distribution was also related to the under-ice topography with regard to mesoscale structures (edge, flat area, dome and ridge). Overall, the abundance and biomass on ridges were much higher in comparison to other mesoscale structures, although edges also showed high abundance, but low biomass. The large G. wilkitzkii was consistently abundant on ridges. The small A. glacialis was predominately associated with edges, but also showed high numbers in dome-shaped areas. The Onisimus species were present in low numbers at all structures, and their biomass contributed 〈10% on any one structure. The reasons for different distribution patterns of the dominant amphipod species under Arctic sea ice are probably related to different requirements of the species, especially for food, shelter and physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiration of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida): effects of acclimation, temperature, and food intake (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen consumption (VO2) of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) was investigated at low tempera tures (six temperatures; range -0.5 to 2.7°C). Small (mean wt. 6–8 g) and large (mean wt. 14 g) fish were acclimated, or adjusted to a constant temperature (0.4°C), for 5 months and then tested for metabolic cold adaptation (elevated metabolic rates in polar fishes). Short-term (2 weeks) acclimated fish showed elevated VO2 similar to previously established values for polar fishes, but there was no such evidence after longterm acclimation. Long-term acclimation caused VO2 values to drop significantly (from 86.0 to 46.5 mg O2·kg−1·h−1, at 0.4°C), which showed that metabolic cold adaptation was a phenomenon caused by insufficien: acclimation time for fish in respiration experiments. We also measured the effects of temperature and feeding on VO2. A temperature increase of 2.3°C resulted in relatively large increases in VO2 for both longand short-term acclimated fish (Q10 = 6.7 and 7.1, respectively), which suggests that metabolic processes are strongly influenced by temperature when it is close to zero. Feeding individuals to satiation caused significant increases in VO2 above pre-fed values (34–60% within 1–2 days after feeding). Respiration budgets of starved and fed Arctic cod at ambient temperatures in Resolute Bay N.W.T., Canada, were used to model annual respiration costs and potential weight loss. Low respiration costs for Arctic cod at ambient temperatures result in high growth efficiency during periods of feeding and low weight loss during periods of starvation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238487
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric evacuation rates and daily rations of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at low temperatures (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1998), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gastric evacuation rates were determined for different sizes of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at sub-zero temperatures (−1.4 and −0.5°C). These temperatures represent ambient conditions for Arctic cod in the Canadian high Arctic. Evacuation half-times, the time required for half of the content of the stomach to be evacuated, were longer (36–70 h; mean=51 h) than those reported in studies carried out on other fish species. Gastric evacuation rates at low temperatures were equal to, or below, those predicted by extrapolation from experiments conducted at higher temperatures. There were no significant differences in evacuation rates among fish size-groups or diets, but evacuation rates were slower for fish that had been starved prior to experiments. Estimated daily rations for Arctic cod in Resolute Bay, N.W.T., were 0.51% body weight for small fish (4.5 g) and 1.13% body weight for large fish (51 g). Slow stomach evacuation rates at low temperatures may limit daily food intake when food is seasonally abundant. This may contribute to slow growth rates and limited maximum size of Arctic cod in Canadian high Arctic waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050249
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  • 9
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    Floating Ice-Algal Aggregates below Melting Arctic Sea Ice (2013)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 8 (10). e76599.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: During two consecutive cruises to the Eastern Central Arctic in late summer 2012, we observed floating algal aggregates in the melt-water layer below and between melting ice floes of first-year pack ice. The macroscopic (1-15 cm in diameter) aggregates had a mucous consistency and were dominated by typical ice-associated pennate diatoms embedded within the mucous matrix. Aggregates maintained buoyancy and accumulated just above a strong pycnocline that separated meltwater and seawater layers. We were able, for the first time, to obtain quantitative abundance and biomass estimates of these aggregates. Although their biomass and production on a square metre basis was small compared to ice-algal blooms, the floating ice-algal aggregates supported high levels of biological activity on the scale of the individual aggregate. In addition they constituted a food source for the ice-associated fauna as revealed by pigments indicative of zooplankton grazing, high abundance of naked ciliates, and ice amphipods associated with them. During the Arctic melt season, these floating aggregates likely play an important ecological role in an otherwise impoverished near-surface sea ice environment. Our findings provide important observations and measurements of a unique aggregate-based habitat during the 2012 record sea ice minimum year
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076599
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  • 10
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    Selected physical, biological and biogeochemical implications of a rapidly changing Arctic Marginal Ice Zone (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 139 . pp. 122-150.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Description: The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly due to a warming Arctic climate with commensurate reductions in sea ice extent and thickness. This Pan-Arctic review summarizes the main changes in the Arctic ocean–sea ice–atmosphere (OSA) interface, with implications for primary- and secondary producers in the ice and the underlying water column. Changes in the Arctic MIZ were interpreted for the period 1979–2010, based on best-fit regressions for each month. Trends of increasingly open water were statistically significant for each month, with quadratic fit for August–November, illustrating particularly strong seasonal feedbacks in sea-ice formation and decay. Geographic interpretations of physical and biological changes were based on comparison of regions with significant changes in sea ice: (1) The Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean including the Canada Basin and the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian seas; (2) The Canadian Arctic Archipelago; (3) Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay; and (4) the Barents and Kara seas. Changes in ice conditions in the Barents sea/Kara sea region appear to be primarily forced by ocean heat fluxes during winter, whereas changes in the other sectors appear to be more summer–autumn related and primarily atmospherically forced. Effects of seasonal and regional changes in OSA-system with regard to increased open water were summarized for photosynthetically available radiation, nutrient delivery to the euphotic zone, primary production of ice algae and phytoplankton, ice-associated fauna and zooplankton, and gas exchange of CO2. Changes in the physical factors varied amongst regions, and showed direct effects on organisms linked to sea ice. Zooplankton species appear to be more flexible and likely able to adapt to variability in the onset of primary production. The major changes identified for the ice-associated ecosystem are with regard to production timing and abundance or biomass of ice flora and fauna, which are related to regional changes in sea-ice conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.003
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