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  • 1
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    Organic carbon measurements on Bute Inlet river samples (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-07
    Description: This dataset includes organic carbon measurements on sediment samples collected in Bute Inlet (British Columbia, Canada) in October 2016 (cruise number PGC2016007) and October 2017 (cruise number PGC2017005) aboard the research vessel CCGS Vector. The cruise PGC2016007 took place between 7 October and 17 October 2016 and was led by Gwyn Lintern. The cruise PGC2017005 took place between 19 and 29 October and was led by Cooper Stacey. River samples were taken in the Homathko and Southgate rivers using Niskin bottles in the water column and a grab sampler in the river beds and the river deltas
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, dated; Bottle, Niskin; Bute Inlet, British Columbia, Canada; Carbon, organic, total; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DEPTH, water; Environment; Event label; fjords; Grab; GRAB; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NIS; organic carbon (OC); Percentile 50; Percentile 90; PGC-2017-005; PGC-2017-005_RB16; PGC-2017-005_RB22; PGC-2017-005_RB24; PGC-2017-005_RBL18; PGC-2017-005_RD12; PGC-2017-005_RD14; PGC-2017-005_RD6; PGC-2017-005_RD8; PGC-2017-005_RP11; PGC-2017-005_RP13; PGC-2017-005_RP15; PGC-2017-005_RP16; PGC-2017-005_RP17; PGC-2017-005_RP19; PGC-2017-005_RP7; PGC-2017-005_RP9; PGC-2017-005_RW23; PGC-2017-005_SS18; PGC-2017-005_SS20; River; sediment; submarine canyon; Vector; δ13C, organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 118 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Organic carbon measurements on Bute Inlet marine sediment samples (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-07
    Description: This dataset includes organic carbon measurements on sediment samples collected in Bute Inlet (British Columbia, Canada) in October 2016 (cruise number PGC2016007) and October 2017 (cruise number PGC2017005) aboard the research vessel CCGS Vector. The cruise PGC2016007 took place between 7 October and 17 October 2016 and was led by Gwyn Lintern. The cruise PGC2017005 took place between 19 and 29 October and was led by Cooper Stacey. Marine sediment samples were collected in Bute Inlet using a box corer for the sandy samples in the submarine channel and a piston corer for the muddy samples in the overbanks and distal basin.
    Keywords: 1; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; Age, 14C AMS; Age, dated; BC; Box corer; Bute Inlet, British Columbia, Canada; Carbon, organic, total; Core; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; fjords; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; organic carbon (OC); PC; Percentile 50; Percentile 90; PGC-2016-003; PGC-2016-003_STN01; PGC-2016-007; PGC-2016-007_STN010; PGC-2016-007_STN014; PGC-2016-007_STN015; PGC-2016-007_STN019; PGC-2016-007_STN020; PGC-2016-007_STN021; PGC-2016-007_STN025; PGC-2016-007_STN026; PGC-2016-007_STN028; PGC-2016-007_STN029; PGC-2016-007_STN030; PGC-2016-007_STN031; PGC-2016-007_STN032; PGC-2016-007_STN036; PGC-2016-007_STN09; Piston corer; sediment; Sub-Environment; submarine canyon; Vector; δ13C, organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 516 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Earthquake-triggered increase in biospheric carbon export from a mountain belt (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-24
    Description: On geological time scales, the erosion of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere and its burial in sediments can counter CO 2 emissions from the solid Earth. Earthquakes may increase the erosion of this biospheric carbon and supply it to mountain rivers by triggering landslides, which rapidly strip hillslopes of vegetation and soil. Over the long term, elevated river sediment loads may promote more efficient carbon burial. However, riverine export of earthquake-mobilized carbon has remained poorly constrained. Here we quantify biospheric carbon discharge by the Zagunao River following a large earthquake with a unique set of samples collected before and after the A.D. 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan (China) earthquake. Radioactive and stable carbon isotopes are used to isolate the biospheric carbon, accounting for rock-derived organic carbon inputs. River discharge of biospheric carbon doubled in the downstream reaches, characterized by moderate landslide impact, following the earthquake. The rapid export of carbon from earthquake-triggered landslides appears to outpace its degradation on hillslopes while sediment loads are elevated. This means that enhanced river discharge of biospheric carbon following large earthquakes can link active tectonics to CO 2 drawdown.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 4
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    Microbial oxidation of lithospheric organic carbon in rapidly eroding tropical mountain soils (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-13
    Description: Lithospheric organic carbon ("petrogenic"; OC petro ) is oxidized during exhumation and subsequent erosion of mountain ranges. This process is a considerable source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere over geologic time scales, but the mechanisms that govern oxidation rates in mountain landscapes are poorly constrained. We demonstrate that, on average, 67 ± 11% of the OC petro initially present in bedrock exhumed from the tropical, rapidly eroding Central Range of Taiwan is oxidized in soils, leading to CO 2 emissions of 6.1 to 18.6 metric tons of carbon per square kilometer per year. The molecular and isotopic evolution of bulk OC and lipid biomarkers during soil formation reveals that OC petro remineralization is microbially mediated. Rapid oxidation in mountain soils drives CO 2 emission fluxes that increase with erosion rate, thereby counteracting CO 2 drawdown by silicate weathering and biospheric OC burial.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Mountain glaciation drives rapid oxidation of rock-bound organic carbon (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Over millions of years, the oxidation of organic carbon contained within sedimentary rocks is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, yet the controls on this emission remain poorly constrained. We use rhenium to track the oxidation of rock-bound organic carbon in the mountain watersheds of New Zealand, where high rates of physical erosion expose rocks to chemical weathering. Oxidative weathering fluxes are two to three times higher in watersheds dominated by valley glaciers and exposed to frost shattering processes, compared to those with less glacial cover; a feature that we also observe in mountain watersheds globally. Consequently, we show that mountain glaciation can result in an atmospheric carbon dioxide source during weathering and erosion, as fresh minerals are exposed for weathering in an environment with high oxygen availability. This provides a counter mechanism against global cooling over geological time scales.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Decadal carbon discharge by a mountain stream is dominated by coarse organic matter (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: Rapid erosion in mountain forests results in high rates of biospheric particulate organic carbon (POC) export by rivers, which can contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown. However, coarse POC (CPOC) carried by particles 〉~1 mm is rarely quantified. In a forested pre-Alpine catchment, we measured CPOC transport rates and found that they increase more rapidly with water discharge than fine POC (〈1 mm) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As a result, decadal estimates of CPOC yield of 12.3 ± 1.9 t C km –2 yr –1 are higher than for fine POC and DOC, even when excluding 4 extreme flood events. When including these floods, CPOC dominates organic carbon discharge (~80%). Most CPOC (69%) was water logged and denser than water, suggesting that CPOC has the potential to contribute to long-term sedimentary burial. Global fluxes remain poorly constrained, but if the transport behavior of CPOC shown here is common to other mountain streams and rivers, then neglecting CPOC discharge could lead to a large underestimation of the global transfer of biospheric POC from land to ocean.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    Seismically enhanced solute fluxes in the Yangtze River headwaters following the A.D. 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: Large earthquakes alter physical and chemical processes at Earth’s surface, triggering landslides, fracturing rock, changing large-scale permeability, and influencing hydrologic pathways. The resulting effects on global chemical cycles are not fully known. Here we show changes in the dissolved chemistry of the Min Jiang, a river in the Yangtze River (China) headwaters, following the A.D. 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Total solute fluxes transported by the Min Jiang increased after the earthquake, accompanied by an ~4 x increase in Na*/Ca ratios (where Na* is Na + corrected for atmospheric and evaporite contributions) and a 0.000644 ± 0.000146 increase in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratios. These changes are consistent with enhanced contribution from silicate sources. We infer that the CO 2 consumption rate via silicate-derived alkalinity increased 4.3 ± 0.4 times. If similar changes are associated with other large earthquakes, enhanced solute export could directly link tectonic activity with weathering and alkalinity fluxes that supply nutrients to ecosystems, influence seawater chemistry evolution, and steer Earth’s long-term carbon cycle and climate.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered landslides (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: Large earthquakes in active mountain belts can trigger landslides, which mobilize large volumes of clastic sediment. Delivery of this material to river channels may result in aggradation and flooding, while sediment residing on hillslopes may increase the likelihood of subsequent landslides and debris flows. Despite recognition of these processes, the controls on the residence time of coseismic landslide sediment in river catchments remain poorly understood. Here we assess the residence time of fine-grained (〈0.25 mm) landslide sediment mobilized by the C.E. 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, using daily suspended sediment discharge measured in 16 river catchments from 2006–2012. Following the earthquake, suspended sediment discharge was elevated 3–7 x compared to 2006–2007. However, the total 2008–2012 export (92.5 ± 9.3 Mt from 68,719 km 2 ) was much less than estimates of fine-grained sediment input by coseismic landslides (480 +350/–338 Mt) determined by landslide area-volume scaling and deposit grain-size distributions. We estimate the residence time of fine-grained sediment in the affected river catchments using the post-earthquake rate of sediment export, and find that it ranges from one year to over a century. The first-order variability in fine-sediment residence time is proportional to the areal extent of coseismic landsliding, and is inversely proportional to the frequency of intense runoff events (〉5 mm day –1 ). Together with previous observations from the C.E. 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, our results demonstrate the importance of landslide density and runoff intensity in setting the duration of earthquake-triggered landslide impacts on river systems.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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