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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 25 (1994), S. 871-893 
    ISSN: 0039-3681
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Long-term results • Subtalar fusion • Os calcis fracture ; Schlüsselwörter Langzeitergebnisse • Subtalare Fusion • Kalkaneusfraktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von Mai 1984 bis Mai 1991 wurden von 55 Patienten mit einer posttraumatischen subtalaren Arthrose nach Kalkaneusfraktur 40 (73 %) Patienten nachuntersucht. Das Durchschnittsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung lag bei 47 (26–61) Jahren, der Nachuntersuchungszeitraum betrug mindestens 4 Jahre (Mittel = 5,2 Jahre, 4–14 Jahre). Bei 17 (Gr. A) Patienten war die Kalkaneusfraktur primär operativ, bei 23 Patienten primär konservativ (Gr. B). Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Schraubenarthrodese durchgeführt, in Fällen von Rückfußdeformitäten wurde eine zusätzliche Achsenkorrektur mittels kortikospongiösen Blöcken durchgeführt. Bei der Nachuntersuchung wurden 3 verschiedene Scoringsysteme miteinander verglichen: 1. ein eigener klinischer und radiologischer Score; 2. das „clinical rating system“ von Kitaoka et al., 3. ein neuentwickelter Fragebogen zur Bestimmung der Beschwerden und des funktionellen Status. Die maximale Punktzahl in allen Scores betrug 100 Punkte. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte nach dem Student-T-Test und Varianzanalyse ANOVA. Ergebnisse: Bei 21 Patienten (52,5 %; 58 % operativ, 50 % konservativ) konnte eine völlige Beschwerdefreiheit festgestellt werden; 26 Patienten (65 %; 76 % operativ, 59 % konservativ) hatten eine mäßige oder starke Einschränkung der Beweglichkeit des OSG. 1 °-Anschlußarthrosen im OSG fanden sich bei 23 Patienten (62 %; 65 % operativ, 59 % konservativ). 17 Patienten (42,5 %; 41 % operativ, 45 % konservativ) hatten eine 1 ° Arthrose im Talonavikulargelenk; 31 Patienten (77,5 %; 83 % operativ, 73 % konservativ) konnten wieder in einem normalen Konfektionsschuh laufen. 21 Patienten (52,5 %; 60 % operativ, 45 % konservativ) bezeichneten das Gesamtergebnis als gut oder sehr gut. Die Gesamtergebnisse der Scores ergaben gering höhere Punktzahlen nach primär operierter Kalkaneusfraktur ohne das Signifikanzniveau zu erreichen. Innerhalb der Scores gab es keine statistischen Unterschiede. Schlußfolgerung: Primär operierte Kalkaneusfrakturen ergeben im Trend für die Langzeitresultate der subtalaren Fusionen bessere Ergebnisse. Der Vergleich zwischen dem Fragebogen und klinischer Scores ergab keine statistischen Unterschiede.
    Notes: Summary In a long-term follow-up we evaluated 40 patients out of 55 (73 %) with a subtalar fusion. The operations took place from 5/84 to 5/91. In all cases the indication for the fusion was a post-traumatic arthritis after an intra-articular os calcis fracture. The evaluation of the overall results was carried out with three different scoring systems: a. The Hannover Scoring System. b. The Outcome-questionnaire, rating patient's complaints and the functional status based on the severity-symptom scale and functional status described for Carpaltunnel-syndrome by Levine et al. c. The clinical rating system (CRS) described by Kitaoka et al. The statistical evaluation was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Level of significance was based on P = 0.05 and calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Os calcis fracture was the cause for the subtalar arthritis in all 40 patients (33 males and 7 females). The primary treatment of the calcaneal fracture was conservative (cons.) using a plaster in 23 patients (57.5 %), while 17 patients (42.5 %) underwent open reduction and plate fixation (op.). The interval between trauma and subtalar fusion averaged 3.5 years (3 months to 20 years). The interval between subtalar fusion and follow-up averaged 5.2 years (4–14 years). The mean age at the time of reexamination was 47 years (26–61 years). In the present study, complete pain relief could be achieved in 21 (52.5 %; 58 % op., 50 % cons.) patients. A relevant restriction in the range of motion in the ankle joint was found in 26 (65 %; 76 % op., 58 % cons.). In 23 patients (62 %; 65 % op., 59 % cons.) the radiological evaluation revealed a grade 1 ° arthritis of the ankle joint, in the talonavicular joint in 17 patients (42.5 %; 41 % op., 45 % cons.), and in the calcaneo-cuboid joint in 14 patients (35 %; 47 %., 27 % cons.). The statistical analysis revealed a better outcome in the operative group compared with the conservative group, although the operated os calcis fractures in the majority were the more severe fracture types. In all evaluation systems a score between 61 and 69 points could be achieved with no significant difference between the operatively and conservatively treated groups and between the newly developed questionaire and the clinical-radiological scoring systems. For the questionaire this fulfills the requirements for a reliable outcome evaluation.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-05-02
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Description: The taxonomy of two sympatric surf clams Donax marincovichi Coan, 1983 and Donax obesulus Reeve, 1854, inhabiting the coastal Humboldt Current Upwelling System is revisited. Because both species are exploited by artisanal fisheries, it is essential to verify that they are indeed distinct species that have to be managed separately. In this study, both taxa were sampled across their shared distributional area and specimens were indentified according to their respective morphological characteristics. Although width/height and height/length ratios revealed significant differences within sampling areas, the two morphotypes were frequently incongruent for taxonomically important morphometric parameters. In addition, they showed no significant mitochondrial genetic differentiation within or among populations and exhibited indistinguishable sperm ultrastructure. We conclude that the two morphotypes do not represent distinct species and should be included together under D. obesulus.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-05-02
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-11-08
    Description: Aims Despite the known benefits of regular exercise, the reasons why many coronary heart disease (CHD) patients engage in little physical activity are not well understood. This study identifies factors associated with low activity levels in individuals with chronic CHD participating in the STABILITY study, a global clinical outcomes trial evaluating the lipoprotein phospholipaseA 2 inhibitor darapladib. Methods and results Prior to randomization, 15 486 (97.8%) participants from 39 countries completed a lifestyle questionnaire. Total physical activity was estimated from individual subject self-reports of hours spend each week on mild, moderate, and vigorous exercise, corresponding approximately to 2, 4, and 8 METS, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated clinical and demographic variables for the lowest compared with higher overall exercise levels, and for individuals who decreased rather than maintained or increased activity since diagnosis of CHD. The least active 5280 subjects (34%) reported exercise of ≤24MET.h/week. A total of 7191 subjects (46%) reported less exercise compared with before diagnosis of CHD. The majority of participants were either ‘not limited’ or ‘limited a little’ walking 100 m (84%), climbing one flight of stairs (82%), or walking 1 km/1/2 mile (68%), and 〈10% were limited ‘a lot’ by dyspnoea or angina. Variables independently associated with both low physical activity and decreasing exercise after diagnosis of CHD included more co-morbid conditions, poorer general health, fewer years of education, race, and country ( P 〈 0.001 for all). Conclusion In this international study, low physical activity was only partly explained by cardiovascular symptoms. Potentially modifiable societal and health system factors are important determinants of physical inactivity in patients with chronic CHD.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: Aims The TRA·CER trial compared vorapaxar, a novel platelet protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist, with placebo in 12 944 patients with high-risk non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS). In this analysis, we explored the effect of vorapaxar on myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results A blinded, independent central endpoint adjudication committee prospectively defined and classified MI according to the universal MI definition, including peak cardiac marker value (creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB] and/or troponin). Because the trial failed to meet its primary endpoint, these analyses are considered exploratory. During a median follow-up of 502 days, 1580 MIs occurred in 1319 patients. The majority ( n = 1025, 64.9%) were type 1 (spontaneous) MI, followed by type 4a [percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related] MI ( n = 352; 22.3%). Compared with placebo, vorapaxar reduced the hazard of a first MI of any type by 12% [hazard ratio (HR), 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–0.98; P = 0.021] and the hazard of total number of MIs (first and subsequent) by 14% (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97; P = 0.014), an effect that was sustained over time. Vorapaxar reduced type 1 MI by 17% (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.95; P = 0.007). Type 4a MIs were not significantly reduced by vorapaxar (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.73–1.12; P = 0.35). Vorapaxar effect was consistent across MI sizes defined by peak cardiac marker elevations and across key clinical subgroups; however, in patients not treated with thienopyridine at baseline (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.92) compared with patients who received thienopyridine (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81–1.02), there was a trend towards a higher effect ( P int = 0.077). Conclusion The PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar was associated with a reduction of MI, including total number of infarctions. This reduction was sustained over time and was mostly evident in type 1 MI, the most common type of MI observed.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: Aims We aimed to investigate the association of number of completed races and finishing time with risk of arrhythmias among participants of Vasaloppet , a 90 km cross-country skiing event. Methods and results All the participants without cardiovascular disease who completed Vasaloppet during 1989–98 were followed through national registries until December 2005. Primary outcome was hospitalization for any arrhythmia and secondary outcomes were atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), bradyarrhythmias, other supraventricular tachycardias (SVT), and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest (VT/VF/CA). Among 52 755 participants, 919 experienced arrhythmia during follow-up. Adjusting for age, education, and occupational status, those who completed the highest number of races during the period had higher risk of any arrhythmias [hazard ratio (HR)1.30; 95% CI 1.08–1.58; for ≥5 vs. 1 completed race], AF (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04–1.61), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.28–3.47). Those who had the fastest relative finishing time also had higher risk of any arrhythmias (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04–1.62; for 100–160% vs. 〉240% of winning time), AF (1.20; 95% CI 0.93–1.55), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 1.85; 95% CI 0.97–3.54). SVT or VT/VF/CA was not associated with finishing time or number of completed races. Conclusions Among male participants of a 90 km cross-country skiing event, a faster finishing time and a high number of completed races were associated with higher risk of arrhythmias. This was mainly driven by a higher incidence of AF and bradyarrhythmias. No association with SVT or VT/VF/CA was found.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Background We evaluated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease before and during treatment with darapladib, a selective Lp-PLA 2 inhibitor, in relation to outcomes and the effects of darapladib in the STABILITY trial. Methods and Results Plasma Lp-PLA 2 activity was determined at baseline (n=14 500); at 1 month (n=13 709); serially (n=100) at 3, 6, and 18 months; and at the end of treatment. Adjusted Cox regression models evaluated associations between Lp-PLA 2 activity levels and outcomes. At baseline, the median Lp-PLA 2 level was 172.4 μmol/min per liter (interquartile range 143.1–204.2 μmol/min per liter). Comparing the highest and lowest Lp-PLA 2 quartile groups, the hazard ratios were 1.50 (95% CI 1.23–1.82) for the primary composite end point (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), 1.95 (95% CI 1.29–2.93) for hospitalization for heart failure, 1.42 (1.07–1.89) for cardiovascular death, and 1.37 (1.03–1.81) for myocardial infarction after adjustment for baseline characteristics, standard laboratory variables, and other prognostic biomarkers. Treatment with darapladib led to a 65% persistent reduction in median Lp-PLA 2 activity. There were no associations between on-treatment Lp-PLA 2 activity or changes of Lp-PLA 2 activity and outcomes, and there were no significant interactions between baseline and on-treatment Lp-PLA 2 activity or changes in Lp-PLA 2 activity levels and the effects of darapladib on outcomes. Conclusions Although high Lp-PLA 2 activity was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, pharmacological lowering of Lp-PLA 2 activity by 65% did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease, regardless of the baseline level or the magnitude of change of Lp-PLA 2 activity. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00799903.
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Risk Factors, Pharmacology, Treatment, Coronary Artery Disease
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9980
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-07-02
    Description: Objectives To determine whether dietary pattern assessed by a simple self-administered food frequency questionnaire is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk patients with stable coronary artery disease. Background A Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) mortality. It is less certain whether foods common in western diets are associated with CV risk. Methods At baseline, 15 482 (97.8%) patients (mean age 67 ± 9 years) with stable coronary heart disease from 39 countries who participated in the Stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaque by initiation of darapladib therapy (STABILITY) trial completed a life style questionnaire which included questions on common foods. A Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was calculated for increasing consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, and alcohol, and for less meat, and a ‘Western diet score’ (WDS) for increasing consumption of refined grains, sweets and deserts, sugared drinks, and deep fried foods. A multi-variable Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between MDS or WDS and MACE, defined as CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke. Results After a median follow-up of 3.7 years MACE occurred in 7.3% of 2885 subjects with an MDS ≥15, 10.5% of 4018 subjects with an MDS of 13–14, and 10.8% of 8579 subjects with an MDS ≤12. A one unit increase in MDS 〉12 was associated with lower MACE after adjusting for all covariates (+1 category HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.98, P = 0.002). There was no association between WDS (adjusted model +1 category HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97, 1.01) and MACE. Conclusion Greater consumption of healthy foods may be more important for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease than avoidance of less healthy foods typical of Western diets.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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