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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global change effects on zooplankton body size : a range of experimental approaches (2014)
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-157160
    URL: http://d-nb.info/1062536045/34
    URL: http://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/dissertation_diss_00015716
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-157160
    DDC: 592.1776
    Language: English
    Note: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2014
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  • 2
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    Effects of high CO2 and warming on a Baltic Sea microzooplankton community (2016)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73 (3). pp. 772-782.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Global warming and ocean acidification are among the most important stressors for aquatic ecosystems in the future. To investigate their direct and indirect effects on a near-natural plankton community, a multiple-stressor approach is needed. Hence, we set up mesocosms in a full-factorial design to study the effects of both warming and high CO2 on a Baltic Sea autumn plankton community, concentrating on the impacts on microzooplankton (MZP). MZP abundance, biomass, and species composition were analysed over the course of the experiment. We observed that warming led to a reduced time-lag between the phytoplankton bloom and an MZP biomass maximum. MZP showed a significantly higher growth rate and an earlier biomass peak in the warm treatments while the biomass maximum was not affected. Increased pCO2 did not result in any significant effects on MZP biomass, growth rate, or species composition irrespective of the temperature, nor did we observe any significant interactions between CO2 and temperature. We attribute this to the high tolerance of this estuarine plankton community to fluctuations in pCO2, often resulting in CO2 concentrations higher than the predicted end-of-century concentration for open oceans. In contrast, warming can be expected to directly affect MZP and strengthen its coupling with phytoplankton by enhancing its grazing pressure.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv198
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Effects of increased CO2 concentration on nutrient limited coastal summer plankton depend on temperature (2016)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 61 (3). pp. 853-868.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Increasing seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations both are expected to increase coastal phytoplankton biomass and carbon to nutrient ratios in nutrient limited seasonally stratified summer conditions. This is because temperature enhances phytoplankton growth while grazing is suggested to be reduced during such bottom-up controlled situations. In addition, enhanced CO2 concentrations potentially favor phytoplankton species, that otherwise depend on costly carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM). The trophic consequences for consumers under such conditions, however, remain little understood. We set out to experimentally explore the combined effects of increasing temperature and CO2 concentration for phytoplankton biomass and stoichiometry and the consequences for trophic transfer (here for copepods) on a natural nutrient limited Baltic Sea summer plankton community. The results show, that warming effects were translated to the next trophic level by switching the system from a bottom-up controlled to a mainly top-down controlled one. This was reflected in significantly down-grazed phytoplankton and increased zooplankton abundance in the warm temperature treatment (22.5°C). Additionally, at low temperature (16.5°C) rising CO2 concentrations significantly increased phytoplankton biomass. The latter effect however, was due to direct negative impact of CO2 on copepod nauplii which released phytoplankton from grazing in the cold but not in the warm treatments. Our results suggest that future seawater warming has the potential to switch trophic relations between phytoplankton and their grazers under nutrient limited conditions with the consequence of potentially disguising CO2 effects on coastal phytoplankton biomass.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10256
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Climate change affects low trophic level marine consumers: warming decreases copepod size and abundance (2015)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 177 (3). pp. 849-860.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-13
    Description: Concern about climate change has re-ignited interest in universal ecological responses to temperature variations: (1) biogeographical shifts, (2) phenology changes, and (3) size shifts. In this study we used copepods as model organisms to study size responses to temperature because of their central role in the pelagic food web and because of the ontogenetic length constancy between molts, which facilitates the definition of size of distinct developmental stages. In order to test the expected temperature-induced shifts towards smaller body size and lower abundances under warming conditions, a mesocosm experiment using plankton from the Baltic Sea at three temperature levels (ambient, ambient +4 °C, ambient −4 °C) was performed in summer 2010. Overall copepod and copepodit abundances, copepod size at all life stages, and adult copepod size in particular, showed significant temperature effects. As expected, zooplankton peak abundance was lower in warm than in ambient treatments. Copepod size-at-immature stage significantly increased in cold treatments, while adult size significantly decreased in warm treatments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3130-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 11 (5). e0155952.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Concerns about increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming have initiated studies on the consequences of multiple-stressor interactions on marine organisms and ecosystems. We present a fully-crossed factorial mesocosm study and assess how warming and acidification affect the abundance, body size, and fatty acid composition of copepods as a measure of nutritional quality. The experimental set-up allowed us to determine whether the effects of warming and acidification act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the abundance, body size, and fatty acid content of copepods, a major group of lower level consumers in marine food webs. Copepodite (developmental stages 1–5) and nauplii abundance were antagonistically affected by warming and acidification. Higher temperature decreased copepodite and nauplii abundance, while acidification partially compensated for the temperature effect. The abundance of adult copepods was negatively affected by warming. The prosome length of copepods was significantly reduced by warming, and the interaction of warming and CO2 antagonistically affected prosome length. Fatty acid composition was also significantly affected by warming. The content of saturated fatty acids increased, and the ratios of the polyunsaturated essential fatty acids docosahexaenoic- (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to total fatty acid content increased with higher temperatures. Additionally, here was a significant additive interaction effect of both parameters on arachidonic acid. Our results indicate that in a future ocean scenario, acidification might partially counteract some observed effects of increased temperature on zooplankton, while adding to others. These may be results of a fertilizing effect on phytoplankton as a copepod food source. In summary, copepod populations will be more strongly affected by warming rather than by acidifying oceans, but ocean acidification effects can modify some temperature impacts
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155952
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Multi-stressor responses of plankton communities in two indoor mesocosm experiments (2014)
    In:  [Talk] In: BIOACID Annual Meeting 2014, 10-11.09.2014, Kiel, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-31
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 7
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    Global change effects on zooplankton body size: a range of experimental approaches (2014)
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 106 pp
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Keywords: Course of study: MSc Biological Oceanography
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Thesis - not published by a publisher
  • 8
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    Temperature and CO2 changes affect quality and quantity of the planktonic food web (2013)
    In:  [Talk] In: BIOACID Annual Meeting 2013, 01.-02.10.2013, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-22
    Description: In the frame of the German BIOACID project, we investigate the impacts of acidification and temperature changes on the quantity and quality of the marine planktonic food web. We aim to understand the interaction between warming and acidification effects on primary producers (phytoplankton) and consumers (copepods) when embedded in natural plankton communities. Laboratory experiments with single species and two-species food chains have shown temperature effects on production, growth rates, biomass accumulation and biochemical composition. In the latter case, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of particular interest because of their decisive role in food quality for herbivores. Since the effects of CO2-enrichment and temperature have usually been studied in isolation, we were also interested in interactive effects of both aspects of climate change. Therefore, we used a factorial design with two temperature and two acidification levels for our mesocosm experiment with Baltic Sea phytoplankton. Phytoplankton responded mainly to temperature. Average as well as maximum bloom biomass phytoplankton carbon) decreased significantly with increasing temperature. Impacts of CO2 on phytoplankton biomass could not be detected, while zooplankton responded both to temperature and CO2. Copepod abundance decreased with increasing temperatures but increased with higher pCO2. Biochemical composition, in particular fatty acids, also responded to the experimental treatments, as shown by the ratio of PUFAs, saturated FA (SFA) and individual FA to total FA (TFA). Again, phytoplankton was affected by temperature. The average TFA content was highest under warm temperature. The PUFA:TFA ratio increased with blooming under both temperature regimes. Copepods showed also a more complex picture. The TFA content of individuals did not change in response to temperature and CO2 while the composition of lipids changed. The ratio SFA:TFA increased with warmer temperature while the PUFA:TFA ratio was higher at cold temperatures. An interaction effect of temperature and CO2 could only be seen in the SFA:TFA, which increased with warming but only in colder temperatures SFA:TFA ratio increased with higher CO2.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 9
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    Global warming decreases copepod size and abundance: climate change affects low trophic level marine consumers (2014)
    In:  [Talk] In: Joint Aquatic Science Meeting, 18.-23.05.2014, Portland, Oregon, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 10
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    Is the chemical composition of biomass the agent by which ocean acidification impacts on zooplankton ecology? (2017)
    Springer
    In:  Aquatic Sciences, 79 (3). pp. 733-748.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Climate change impacts prevail on marine pelagic systems and food webs, including zooplankton, the key link between primary producers and fish. Several metabolic, physiological, and ecological responses of zooplankton species and communities to global stressors have recently been tested, with an emerging field in assessing effects of combined climate-related factors. Yet, integrative studies are needed to understand how ocean acidification interacts with global warming, mediating zooplankton body chemistry and ecology. Here, we tested the combined effects of global warming and ocean acidification, predicted for the year 2100, on a community of calanoid copepods, a ubiquitously important mesozooplankton compartment. Warming combined with tested pCO2 increase affected metabolism, altered stable isotope composition and fatty acid contents, and reduced zooplankton fitness, leading to lower copepodite abundances and decreased body sizes, and ultimately reduced survival. These interactive effects of temperature and acidification indicate that metabolism-driven chemical responses may be the underlying correlates of ecological effects observed in zooplankton communities, and highlight the importance of testing combined stressors with a regression approach when identifying possible effects on higher trophic levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00027-017-0532-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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