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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engineering geology of construction : [based on papers pres. to the 28th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of The Geological Society ... held at the University of Manchester between 6 and 10 September 1992] (1995)
    London : Geological Soc.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Rock mechanics Congresses ; Engineering geology Congresses ; Underground construction Congresses ; Engineering Geology ; Konferenzschrift ; Ingenieurgeologie
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VI, 411 S , Ill., graph. Darst
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Engineering geology special publication 10
    URL: http://egsp.lyellcollection.org/content/10/1.toc
    DDC: 624.151
    Language: English
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen:
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of dehydroxylation and evaluation of the crystallinity of kaolinite
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 70 (1983), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(83)80198-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The M22 antibody identifies highly activated reactive astrocytes responding to central nervous system disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 298-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Reactive astrocytes ; Central nervous ; system ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Astrocytes respond vigorously to diverse neurological insults. It is still not clear, however, whether this response is stereotypic following different insults or varies according to the injury. We have used a novel immunocytochemical marker of reactive astrocytes, termed M22, together with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), to analyze region- and insult-specific differences in reactive astrocytosis in the murine central nervous system (CNS). Pathology was variously induced by (1) infectious agents, (2) transgenic overexpression of a viral glycoprotein or cytokine, or (3) focal trauma. Scrapie infection induced high levels of both GFAP and M22 epitope expression by hippocampal reactive astrocytes, but neither scrapie nor wild mouse retrovirus infection induced detectable M22 staining in reactive astrocytes of the caudal brain. Focal trauma and human immunodeficiency virus gp120 overexpression induced M22 expression only in the hippocampus, while interleukin-6 overexpression induced it in cerebellar astrocytes. Although M22 expression was limited to areas with extensive damage, GFAP expression was induced in every region of the mouse brain displaying pathology. Staining of routinely fixed human brain tissue demonstrated that M22 also labeled reactive astrocytes in chronic human CNS disease. The restriction of M22 expression to areas of strongly GFAP-positive astrocytosis suggests that the M22 antibody identified highly activated reactive astrocytes. Because of this selective staining of activated astrocytes, the M22 antibody may provide neuropathologists with a good marker for qualitative analysis of the astrocytic response to different injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050429
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  • 4
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    Risk factors associated with purchasing pesticide from shops for self-poisoning: a protocol for a population-based case-control study (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-22
    Description: Introduction Pesticide self-poisoning is one of the most frequently used methods of suicide worldwide, killing over 300 000 people annually. Around 15–20% of pesticide self-poisonings occur soon after the person has bought the pesticide from a shop. We aim to determine the characteristics of individuals who purchase pesticides directly from shops and how they differ from individuals who access pesticides from other sources such as home, home garden or farmland. This information will help inform possible vendor/shop-based intervention strategies aimed at reducing access to pesticides used for self-harm. Methods and analysis This study will investigate risk factors associated with purchasing pesticides for acts of self-poisoning from pesticide shops, including cases identified over a 9-month period using a population-based case–control group approach. Four interviewer-administered data collection tools will be used for this study: a semistructured questionnaire, Beck Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS), Clinical Interview Schedule—Sinhalese version (CIS-Sn) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Each case (expected n=33) will be compared with two groups of individuals: (1) those who have self-poisoned using pesticides from the home, home garden or farmland and (2) those who bought pesticides from the same shops as the above cases, but not did not self-poison. Logistic regression models will be used to identify risk factors of purchasing pesticides for self-poisoning from shops. Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. A sensitive data collection technique will be used and ethical issues will be considered throughout the study. Results will be disseminated in scientific peer-reviewed articles.
    Keywords: Open access, General practice / Family practice, Public health, Sociology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 5
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    Is socioeconomic position associated with risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka? A cross-sectional study of 165 000 individuals (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-25
    Description: Background Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour in high-income countries, but this association is unclear in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods We investigated the association of SEP with attempted suicide in a cross-sectional survey of 165 233 Sri Lankans. SEP data were collected at the household (assets, social standing (highest occupation of a household member), foreign employment and young (≤40 years) female-headed households) and individual level (education and occupation). Respondent-reported data on suicide attempts in the past year were recorded. Random-effects logistic regression models, accounting for clustering, were used to investigate the association of SEP with attempted suicide. Results Households reported 398 attempted suicides in the preceding year (239 per 100 000). Fewer assets (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.4) and having a daily wage labourer (ie, insecure/low-income job; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.2) as the highest occupation increased the risk of an attempted suicide within households. At an individual level, daily wage labourers were at an increased risk of attempted suicide compared with farmers. The strongest associations were with low levels of education (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.4), with a stronger association in men than women. Conclusions We found that indicators of lower SEP are associated with increased risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka. Longitudinal studies with objective measures of suicide attempts are needed to confirm this association. Trial registration number NCT01146496; Pre-results .
    Keywords: Open access, Epidemiology, Global health, Mental health, Public health
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 6
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    Diurnal variation in probability of death following self-poisoning in Sri Lanka--evidence for chronotoxicity in humans (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-04
    Description: Background The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of medicines are partly controlled by transporters and enzymes with diurnal variation in expression. Dose timing may be important for maximizing therapeutic and minimizing adverse effects. However, outcome data for such an effect in humans are sparse, and chronotherapeutics is consequently less practised. We examined a large prospective Sri Lankan cohort of patients with acute poisoning to seek evidence of diurnal variation in the probability of survival. Methods In all, 14 840 patients admitted to hospital after yellow oleander ( Cascabela thevetia ) seed or pesticide [organophosphorus (OP), carbamate, paraquat, glyphosate] self-poisoning were investigated for variation in survival according to time of ingestion. Results We found strong evidence that the outcome of oleander poisoning was associated with time of ingestion ( P 〈 0.001). There was weaker evidence for OP insecticides ( P = 0.041) and no evidence of diurnal variation in the outcome for carbamate, glyphosate and paraquat pesticides. Compared with ingestion in the late morning, and with confounding by age, sex, time of and delay to hospital presentation and year of admission controlled, case fatality of oleander poisoning was over 50% lower following evening ingestion (risk ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.62). Variation in dose across the day was not responsible. Conclusions We have shown for the first time that timing of poison ingestion affects survival in humans. This evidence for chronotoxicity suggests chronotherapeutics should be given greater attention in drug development and clinical practice.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Cost-effectiveness analyses of self-harm strategies aimed at reducing the mortality of pesticide self-poisonings in Sri Lanka: a study protocol (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-01
    Description: Introduction An estimated 803 900 people worldwide died as a result of self-harm in 2012. The deliberate ingestion of pesticides has been identified as the method most frequently used to commit fatal self-harm globally. In Sri Lanka, it is estimated that up to 60% of all suicides are committed using this method. The aim of the present study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of an ongoing safe storage intervention currently taking place in a rural Sri Lankan district and to model the cost-effectiveness of implementing the safe storage intervention as well as four potential interventions (legislative, medical management, follow-up contact and mobile phone contact) on a national level. Methods and analysis Study design for all the strategies is a cost-effectiveness analysis. A governmental perspective is adopted. The time horizon for tracking the associated costs and health outcomes of the safe storage intervention on district level runs over 3 years. The time horizon is extended to 5 years when modelling a full national roll-out of the respective interventions. The discounting of costs and health outcomes are undertaken at the recommended real rate of 3%. Threshold analyses of the modelled strategies are employed to assess the strategies potential for cost-effectiveness, running scenarios with health outcome improvements ranging from 1% to 100%. Sensitivity analyses are also performed. The main outcome measures of the safe storage intervention are incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was granted for the safe storage project from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, in March of 2008. An amendment for the present study was granted from Rajarata University of Sri Lanka in November of 2013. Findings will be disseminated to public and private stakeholders in local and national government in Sri Lanka as well as the wider academic audience through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences. Trial registration number The safe storage cluster trial is registered with the Clinical Trials, ref: NCT1146496 ( http://clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/clinical-trials/show/NCT1146496 ).
    Keywords: Open access, Global health, Health economics
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 8
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    Impact of paraquat regulation on suicide in South Korea (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-13
    Description: Background: Ingestion of pesticides (mainly paraquat) accounted for one-fifth of suicides in South Korea in 2006–10. We investigated the effect on suicide mortality of regulatory action, culminating in a ban on paraquat in South Korea in 2011–12. Methods: We calculated age-standardized method-specific suicide mortality rates among people aged ≥15 in South Korea (1983–2013) using registered death data. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate changes in the rate and number of pesticide suicides in 2013, compared with those expected based on previous trends (2003–11). Results: Pesticide suicide mortality halved from 5.26 to 2.67 per 100 000 population between 2011 and 2013. Compared with the number expected based on previous trends, the regulations were followed by an estimated 847 [95% confidence interval (CI) –1180 to –533] fewer pesticide suicides, a 37% reduction in rates (rate ratio = 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73) in 2013. The decline in pesticide suicides after the regulations was seen in all age/sex/geographical groups. The absolute reduction in the number of suicides was greatest among men, the elderly and in rural areas. The reduction in pesticide suicides contributed to 56% of the decline in overall suicides that occurred between 2011 and 2013. There was no impact of the regulations on crop yield. Conclusions: The regulation of paraquat in South Korea in 2011–12 was associated with a reduction in pesticide suicide. Further legislative interventions to prevent the easy availability of highly lethal suicide methods are recommended for reducing the number of suicides worldwide.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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