Keywords:
Earth (Planet) -- Crust.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book presents an integrated approach to the study of the evolution of the Archaean lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. It features process-oriented and data-rich chapters that detail the most recent knowledge and information on the Archean Earth.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (421 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789400776159
Series Statement:
Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences Series ; v.7
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1968187
DDC:
551.712
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 -- Precambrian Greenstone Belts Host Different Ophiolite Types -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Phanerozoic Ophiolite Types -- 1.3 Geology of the Precambrian greenstone belts -- 1.3.1 Isua Supracrustal Belt -- 1.3.2 Barberton Greenstone Belt -- 1.3.3 Wawa Greenstone Belts -- 1.3.4 Jormua Complex -- 1.4 Geochemical Characteristics -- 1.5 Chemical Geodynamics of Ophiolites in the Greenstone Belts -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 -- The Plume to Plate Transition: Hadean and Archean Crustal Evolution in the Northern Wyoming Province, U.S.A. -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Northern Wyoming Province -- 2.3 South Snowy Block -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 -- The Archaean Karelia and Belomorian Provinces, Fennoscandian Shield -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Setting -- 3.3 Geochemistry of Granitoids and Migmatitic Amphibolites -- 3.3.1 Granitoids -- 3.3.1.1 TTGs -- 3.3.1.2 Sanukitoids -- 3.3.1.3 QQs -- 3.3.1.4 GGMs -- 3.3.2 Amphibolites in gneissic complexes -- 3.4 Greenstone Belts -- 3.4.1 Vedlozero-Segozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.2 Sumozero-Kenozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.3 Matkalahti Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.4 Kuhmo Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.5 Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.6 Ilomantsi and Gemoli-Bol'shozero Greenstone Belts -- 3.4.7 Keret Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.8 Tikshozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.9 Central Belomorian Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.10 Chupa Paragneiss Belt -- 3.5 Radiometric Age Determinations from the Karelia Province in Finland -- 3.5.1 U-Pb -- 3.5.2 Sm-Nd -- 3.5.3 SIMS Ages on Detrital Zircon in Paragneisses -- 3.6 Lower Crustal Xenoliths -- 3.7 Metamorphism.
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3.7.1 Amphibolites and Paragneisses in the Western Karelia Subprovince -- 3.7.2 Greenstone Belts -- 3.7.3 Age of Archaean High-Grade Metamorphism -- 3.7.4 Eclogites of the Belomorian Province -- 3.7.5 Proterozoic Metamorphism -- 3.8 Palaeomagnetism -- 3.9 Discussion -- 3.9.1 Adakitic Features of TTGs -- 3.9.2 TTG Melts and PTX Relations of their Protoliths -- 3.9.3 Greenstone Belts -- 3.9.3.1 The Kuhmo Greenstone Belt-an Oceanic Plateau? -- 3.9.3.2 The Ilomantsi Greenstone Belt-a Volcanic Arc within an Attenuated Continental Margin? -- 3.9.4 The Greenstone Belts of the Belomorian Province-an Archaean Subduction System? -- 3.9.5 Supercontinent Reconstruction -- 3.9.6 Tectonic Evolution of the Karelia Province -- 3.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Archaean Elements of the Basement Outliers West of the Scandinavian Caledonides in Northern Norway: Architecture, Evolution and Possible Correlation with Fennoscandia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Geological Setting -- 4.3 Archaean Rocks of the West Troms Basement Complex -- 4.4 Archaean Rocks in the Lofoten-Vesterålen Area -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.6 Neoarchaean Terrane Amalgamation -- 4.7 Neoarchaean Correlation with Fennoscandia -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 -- A Review of the Geodynamic Significance of Hornblende-Bearing Ultramafic Rocks in the Mesoarchean Fiskenæsset Complex, SW Greenland -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regional Geology, Metamorphism, Field Relationships, and Geochronology -- 5.3 Petrography -- 5.3.1 Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq Ultramafic Sill -- 5.3.2 Sinarssuk -- 5.4 Geochemistry -- 5.4.1 Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq Ultramafic Rocks -- 5.4.2 Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq and Itise Hornblendite Veins -- 5.4.3 Sinarssuk Ultramafic Rocks.
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5.5 Implications for Archean Petrogenesis, Geodynamics and Continental Growth -- 5.5.1 Evidence for an Igneous Origin of Hornblende -- 5.5.2 Geochemical Evidence for Sub-arc Source -- 5.5.3 Growth of Archean Continental Crust -- References -- Chapter 6 -- The Precambrian Geology of the North China Craton: A Review and Update of the Key Issues -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Background -- 6.3 Configuration and Assembly of the North China Craton -- 6.3.1 Block Model for the NCC -- 6.3.2 Timing of Amalgamation -- 6.3.2.1 Why no Collision at 2.5 Ga? -- 6.3.2.2 Complex Paleoproterozoic Collisional Events -- 6.3.3 Subduction Polarity -- 6.4 Nature and Distribution of the Precambrian Rocks -- 6.4.1 Western Block -- 6.4.2 Eastern Block -- 6.4.3 Trans-North China Orogen -- 6.5 Age of the Precambrian Lithosphere -- 6.6 The Position of the North China Craton within the Precambrian Supercontinents -- 6.7 Lithospheric Thinning in the Phanerozoic -- References -- Chapter 7 -- How to Make a Continent: Thirty-five Years of TTG Research -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Constraints on TTG Production -- 7.2.1 TTGs are Similar in Composition Regardless of Age -- 7.2.2 TTGs Have High La/Yb, Sr/Y, Sr and Eu/Eu* -- 7.2.3 TTGs Decrease in Abundance Relative to Calc-alkaline Granitoids at the End of the Archean -- 7.2.4 TTGs are Not Made in Oceanic Arcs, Shallow Levels of Oceanic Plateaus or at Ocean Ridges -- 7.2.5 Oxygen Isotopes in TTG Zircons Require Interaction of TTG Sources with the Hydrosphere -- 7.2.6 The Existence of Hadean Continental Crust Inferred from Detrital Zircon Suites Remains Problematic -- 7.3 So Where Do We Go from Here? -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Recycling of Lead at Neoarchean Continental Margins -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principles of the Pb-Pb Method.
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8.2.1 Introduction to Pb Isotopes -- 8.2.2 Evolution of Lead -- 8.2.2.1 The Holmes-Houtermans Single-Stage Model -- 8.2.2.2 Two-Stage Model of Stacey and Kramers -- 8.2.2.3 Plumbotectonic Model of Zartman and Doe -- 8.2.3 Lead Isotope Composition of K- Feldspar -- 8.2.4 Pb-Pb Mantle-Crust Mixing Lines -- 8.3 Pb Isotope Modeling -- 8.3.1 Model Source End- Members -- 8.3.2 Source Mixing Arrays -- 8.3.3 Model Lines: 2.7 Ga Isochrons -- 8.4 Testing the Model -- 8.4.1 Oceanic Island Arc setting (OIA) -- 8.4.2 Young Continental Margin Setting (YCM) -- 8.4.3 Old Continental Margin Setting (OCM) -- 8.5 Interpretation of the Modeling -- 8.6 Implications of the Model -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 -- Crustal Evolution and Deformation in a Non-Plate-Tectonic Archaean Earth: Comparisons with Venus -- 9.1 The Archaean Earth -- 9.1.1 Nature of the Archaean Crust -- 9.1.2 Origins of Archaean Terrains -- 9.1.3 Origin of Cratonic Crust -- 9.1.4 Ophiolites, Oceanic Plateaux, and Greenstone Belts -- 9.1.5 Generation of Voluminous Felsic Magmas in the Absence of Abundant Water . -- 9.2 Venus-An Analogue for the Archaean Earth -- 9.2.1 Similarities and Differences between Venus and an Archaean Earth -- 9.2.2 Mantle Plumes on Venus and Earth -- 9.2.3 Upland Plateaux and Highlands on Venus-Equivalent to Early Continents or (proto-) Cratons on Earth? -- 9.2.4 Faulting and Folding on Venus -- 9.2.4.1 Plume, Intrusion, and Diapir-related Extensional Structures -- 9.2.4.2 Rifts and Regionally Extended 'Ribbon' Terrains -- 9.2.4.3 Fold Belts and Transcurrent Shear Zones on Venus -- 9.3 Horizontal Displacements on Venus-A Precursor to Plate Tectonics? -- 9.3.1 Atete Corona-Incipient Underthrusting.
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9.3.2 Shear Zone Reactivation and Refolding in Ovda Regio -- 9.3.3 SE Translation of Artemis -- 9.3.4 'Himalayan-style' Indentation and Lateral Escape in Western Ishtar Terra -- 9.3.5 Progressive 'Plate-like' Behaviour on Venus -- 9.4 The South-Eastern Superior Craton-Formation and Deformation of Archaean Juvenile Mafic-Rich Crust Without Modern Plate Tectonics -- 9.4.1 Critique of Previous Models for Subduction and Accretion -- 9.4.2 Seismic Tomographic Interpretation for Rifting of a Continuous Sub-Crustal Lithospheric Mantle Layer (and not Subduction) -- 9.4.3 Crustal Evolution of the Abitibi Subprovince -- 9.4.4 Regional Deformation of the SE Superior Province -- 9.4.4.1 Early Folding -- 9.4.4.2 Penetrative Ductile Shearing Interpreted from Enhanced Aeromagnetic Imagery -- 9.4.4.3 Regional Shear Zones Interpreted from Regional Bouguer Gravity -- 9.4.4.4 Displacement History Along Discrete Shear Zones -- 9.4.5 Comparison Between Deformation in the SE Superior Province and the Freyja Montes-Itzpapaloti Tessera Area (western Ishtar Terra), Venus -- 9.4.5.1 Geometry and Displacement along Archaean Shear Zones -- 9.4.5.2 Proterozoic Reactivation of Archaean Structures ? -- 9.5 Tectonics of Venus and the Archaean Earth -- 9.5.1 Mechanisms for Regional Shortening -- 9.5.2 Configuration of Constituent Blocks on an Archaean Earth -- 9.6 Summary and Discussion -- 9.6.1 Formation and Deformation of the SE Superior Province without Modern-Style Subduction -- 9.6.2 Implications for Mineralization -- 9.6.3 Do Late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic Structures Reflect Ongoing Mantle Flow? -- 9.7 Conclusions -- Appendix 1 Differences between Venus and Earth -- Appendix 2 Interpretation criteria for structural interpretation of Venus radar imagery.
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References.
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